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arXiv 2502.19081cond-mat.mtrl-scics.LG
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高效的机器学习互原子势空间混合用于材料科学

Efficient and Accurate Spatial Mixing of Machine Learned Interatomic Potentials for Materials Science

Fraser Birks, Matthew Nutter, Thomas D Swinburne, James R Kermode

AI总结:

ML-MIX通过空间混合不同复杂度的互原子势,提升大规模分子动力学模拟效率,同时保持精度,适用于材料科学中的点缺陷分析和位错运动研究。

摘要:

机器学习互原子势可以提供接近第一性原理的精度,但计算成本较高,限制了其在大规模分子动力学模拟中的应用。受量子力学/分子力学方法的启发,我们提出了ML-MIX,一个兼容CPU和GPU的LAMMPS包,通过空间混合不同复杂度的互原子势来加速模拟,允许在受限的计算预算下部署现代的MLIPs。我们展示了该方法在ACE、UF3、SNAP和MACE势架构中的应用,并展示了如何从给定的“昂贵”势中提炼出线性的“廉价”势,从而在相关配置空间区域实现接近匹配。通过在Si、Fe和W-He点缺陷上的测试,展示了ML-MIX的功能,其中在约8000个原子的情况下,速度提升了高达11倍,而不牺牲精度。通过在W上的两个案例研究,展示了ML-MIX的科学潜力,测量了b = 1/2 111扭折位错的运动(使用ACE/ACE混合)和He的植入(使用MACE/SNAP混合)。后者返回的He反射系数(首次达到80 eV的He入射能量)与实验观测相匹配,展示了在大规模、现实系统上部署最新模型的好处。

英文摘要:

Machine-learned interatomic potentials can offer near first-principles accuracy but are computationally expensive, limiting their application to large-scale molecular dynamics simulations. Inspired by quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics methods we present ML-MIX, a CPU- and GPU-compatible LAMMPS package to accelerate simulations by spatially mixing interatomic potentials of different complexities allowing deployment of modern MLIPs even under restricted computational budgets. We demonstrate our method for ACE, UF3, SNAP and MACE potential architectures and demonstrate how linear 'cheap' potentials can be distilled from a given 'expensive' potential, allowing close matching in relevant regions of configuration space. The functionality of ML-MIX is demonstrated through tests on point defects in Si, Fe and W-He, in which speedups of up to 11x over ~ 8,000 atoms are demonstrated, without sacrificing accuracy. The scientific potential of ML-MIX is demonstrated via two case studies in W, measuring the mobility of b = 1/2 111 screw dislocations with ACE/ACE mixing and the implantation of He with MACE/SNAP mixing. The latter returns He reflection coefficients which (for the first time) match experimental observations up to an He incident energy of 80 eV - demonstrating the benefits of deploying state-of-the-art models on large, realistic systems.

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