We study Fock state interferometry, consisting of a Mach-Zehnder Interferometer with two Fock state inputs and photon-number-resolved detection at the two outputs. We show that it allows discrimination of a discrete number of apriori-known optical phase shifts with an error probability lower than what is feasible with classical techniques under a mean photon number constraint. We compare its performance with the optimal quantum probe for M-ary phase discrimination, which unlike our probe, is difficult to prepare. Our technique further allows discriminating a null phase shift from an increasingly small one at zero probability of error under ideal conditions, a feature impossible to attain using classical probe light. Finally, we describe one application to quantum reading with binary phase-encoded memory pixels.
In this paper, we derive a general expression of the quantum Fisher information of an SU(1,1) interferometer with an arbitrary state and a Fock state as inputs by the phase-averaging method. Our results show that the same quantum Fisher information can be obtained regardless of the specific form of the arbitrary state. Then, we analytically prove that the parity measurement can saturate the quantum Cramer-Rao bound when the estimated phase sits at the optimal working point. For practical reasons, we investigate the phase sensitivity when the arbitrary state is a coherent or thermal state. We f…
The quantum discrimination of two non-coherent states draws much attention recently. In this letter, we first consider the quantum discrimination of two noiseless displaced number states. Then we derive the Fock representation of noisy displaced number states and address the problem of discriminating between two noisy displaced number states. We further prove that the optimal quantum discrimination of two noisy displaced number states can be achieved by the Kennedy receiver with threshold detection. Simulation results verify the theoretical derivations and show that the error probability of on…
We derive a general expression of the quantum Fisher information for a Mach-Zehnder interferometer, with the port inputs of an \emph{arbitrary} pure state and a squeezed thermal state. We find that the standard quantum limit can be beaten, when even or odd states are applied to the pure-state port. In particular, when the squeezed thermal state becomes a thermal state, all the even or odd states have the same quantum Fisher information for given photon numbers. For a squeezed thermal state, optimal even or odd states are needed to approach the Heisenberg limit. As examples, we consider several…
Efficiently Computable Strategies and Limits for Bosonic Channel Discrimination
School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University（斯威本科技大学理学院STEM学院）；Scuola Normale Superiore（比萨高等师范学院）；Korteweg–de Vries Institute for Mathematics, University of Amsterdam（阿姆斯特丹大学科特韦格-德弗里斯数学研究所）；Mathematical Quantum Information RIKEN Hakubi Research Team, RIKEN Pioneering Research Institute (PRI) and RIKEN Center for Quantum Computing (RQC)（理科院系量子信息RIKEN Hakubi研究团队，理化学研究所前沿研究院（PRI）和理化学研究所量子计算中心（RQC））；School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University（康奈尔大学电气与计算机工程学院）
Limits for molecular spectroscopy from quantum channel discrimination
School of Science, STEM College, RMIT University（斯威本科技大学理学院STEM学院）；Quantum Systems, Technology, CSIRO（澳大利亚联邦科学与工业研究组织量子系统与技术部）；School of Mathematics and Physical Sciences, the University of Sheffield（谢菲尔德大学数学与物理科学学院）；School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University（康奈尔大学电气与计算机工程学院）
Adaptive Measurements in the Optical Quantum Information Laboratory
自适应技术使许多量子测量变得实用，否则这些测量将超出当前实验室的能力。举例来说：它们允许以等于Helstrom界限的误差概率来鉴别非正交状态;它们允许以接近（或在某些情况下达到）海森堡极限的精度来测量量子振荡器的相位;并且它们允许仅使用单个量子比特测量和控制来以海森堡极限处的方差缩放来估计干涉测量中的相位。这些例子中的每一个都与量子信息，特别是实验光学量子信息有密切的联系：第一个是基本的量子通信协议;第二个在线性光学量子计算中有潜在的应用;第三个使用受量子相位估计算法启发的自适应协议。我们讨论这些例子中的每一个，以及它们在实验室中的实现，但集中在最近发表的最后一个[Higgins { \em et al.}，Nature第450卷，第393页，2007]。
We derive fundamental bounds on the maximal achievable precision in multiparameter noisy quantum metrology, valid under the most general entanglement-assisted adaptive strategy, which are tighter than the bounds obtained by a direct use of single-parameter results. This allows us to study the issue of the optimal probe incompatibility in the simultaneous estimation of multiple parameters in generic noisy channels, while so far the issue has been studied mostly in effectively noiseless scenarios (where the Heisenberg scaling is possible). We apply our results to the estimation of both unitary a…
Correlated photons inspire abundance of metrology-related platforms, which benefit from quantum (anti-) correlations and outperform their classical-light counterparts. While such demonstrations mainly focus on entanglement, the role of photon exchange-phase and degree of distinguishability have not been widely utilized in quantum-enhanced applications. Using an interferometric setup we show that even at low degree entanglement, when a two-photon wave-function is coupled to matter, it is encoded with a reliable "which pathway?" information. An interferometric exchange-phase-cycling protocol is …
Rydberg arrays merge the collective behavior of ordered atomic arrays with the controllability and optical nonlinearities of Rydberg systems, resulting in a powerful platform for realizing photonic many-body physics. As an application of this platform, we propose a protocol for quantum non-demolition (QND) photon counting. Our protocol involves photon storage in the Rydberg array, an observation phase consisting of a series of Rabi flops to a Rydberg state and measurements, and retrieval of the stored photons. The Rabi frequency experiences a $\sqrt{n}$ collective enhancement, where $n$ is the…
Quantum Beam Splitter as a Deterministic Entanglement Source: Exact Photon-Number Statistics, Hong-Ou-Mandel Interference, and von Neumann Entropy Scaling from Balanced Inputs
