Different to the core: the pre-supernova structures of massive single and binary-stripped stars
E. Laplace, S. Justham, M. Renzo, Y. Götberg, R. Farmer, D. Vartanyan, S. E. de Mink
备注:
Accepted for publication on October 5th, 2021. Reproduced with permission from Astronomy & Astrophysics, \c{opyright} ESO. The pre-supernova models are available online at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4506803
The majority of massive stars live in binary or multiple systems and will interact during their lifetimes, which helps to explain the observed diversity of core-collapse supernovae. Donor stars in binary systems can lose most of their hydrogen-rich envelopes through mass transfer, which not only affects the surface properties, but also the core structure. However, most calculations of the core-collapse properties of massive stars rely on single-star models. We present a systematic study of the difference between the pre-supernova structures of single stars and stars of the same initial mass (11 - 21\Msun) that have been stripped due to stable post-main sequence mass transfer at solar metallicity. We present the pre-supernova core composition with novel diagrams that give an intuitive representation of the isotope distribution. As shown in previous studies, at the edge of the carbon-oxygen core, the binary-stripped star models contain an extended gradient of carbon, oxygen, and neon. This layer originates from the receding of the convective helium core during core helium burning in binary-stripped stars, which does not occur in single-star models. We find that this same evolutionary phase leads to systematic differences in the final density and nuclear energy generation profiles. Binary-stripped star models have systematically higher total masses of carbon at the moment of core collapse compared to single star models, which likely results in systematically different supernova yields. In about half of our models, the silicon-burning and oxygen-rich layers merge after core silicon burning. We discuss the implications of our findings for the explodability, supernova observations, and nucleosynthesis from these stars. Our models will be publicly available and can be readily used as input for supernova simulations. [Abridged]
We explore a new scenario for producing stripped-envelope supernova progenitors. In our scenario, the stripped-envelope supernova is the second supernova of the binary, in which the envelope of the secondary was removed during its red supergiant phase by the impact of the first supernova. Through 2D hydrodynamical simulations, we find that $\sim$50-90$\%$ of the envelope can be unbound as long as the pre-supernova orbital separation is $\lesssim5$ times the stellar radius. Recombination energy plays a significant role in the unbinding, especially for relatively high mass systems ($\gtrsim18M_\…
Most massive stars experience binary interactions in their lifetimes that can alter both the surface and core structure of the stripped star with significant effects on their ultimate fate as core-collapse supernovae. However, core-collapse supernovae simulations to date have focused almost exclusively on the evolution of single stars. We present a systematic simulation study of single and binary-stripped stars with the same initial mass as candidates for core-collapse supernovae (11 - 21 M$_{\odot}$). Generally, we find that binary-stripped stars core tend to be less compact, with a more prom…
Multidimensional Models of Type Ia Supernova Nebular Spectra: Strong Emission Lines from Stripped Companion Gas Rule Out Classic Single Degenerate Systems
Ultra-stripped supernovae are different from other terminal explosions of massive stars, as they show little or no ejecta from the actual supernova event. They are thought to occur in massive binary systems after the exploding star has lost its surface through interactions with its companion. Such supernovae produce little to no kick, leading to the formation of a neutron star without loss of the binary companion, which itself may also evolve into another neutron star. Here we show that a recently discovered high-mass X-ray binary, CPD -29 2176 (CD -29 5159; SGR 0755-2933), has an evolutionary…
Stripped-envelope supernovae (Types IIb, Ib, and Ic) that show little or no hydrogen comprise roughly one-third of the observed explosions of massive stars. Their origin and the evolution of their progenitors are not yet fully understood. Very massive single stars stripped by their own winds ($\gtrsim 25-30 M_{\odot}$ at solar metallicity) are considered viable progenitors of these events. However, recent 1D core-collapse simulations show that some massive stars may collapse directly into black holes after a failed explosion, with a weak or no visible transient. In this letter, we estimate the…
Spectropolarimetry of the Type Ib Supernova iPTF 13bvn: Revealing the complex explosion geometry of a stripped-envelope core-collapse supernova
我们提出了六个时代的光谱偏振观测和一个时代的光谱Ib型SN iPTF 13 bvn。这些观测的历元对应于$-$ 10至$+$ 61天,相对于{ \it r}波段光变曲线最大值。在整个观测过程中,连续谱被内在地极化到$0.2-0.4\%$水平,这意味着光球形状的$\sim10\%$的非球面性。我们观察到与Ca II IR 3、He I/Na I D、He I λλ 6678、7065、Fe II λ4924和O I λ7774的光谱特征相关的显著线偏振。我们建议,在$\sim 6200\mathrmÅ$的吸收功能,通常被确定为Si II $λ6355$,是最有可能是高速$\mathrm{Hα}$在$-16,400$ $\mathrm{km \; s^{-1}}$。两个明显的极化组件,分离的速度,检测到的He I/Na I D和Ca II IR 3,表明存在两个离散的线形成区域的喷出物中的径向速度空间和在天空的平面。我们使用的极化,他我$λ5876$作为示踪剂的喷出物中的非热激发源,发现大部分的放射性镍被限制在内部的喷出物半径的$\sim 50-65\%$。所观察到的极化的背景下,iPTF 13 bvn的可能的祖系统进行了讨论,我们的意见有利于爆炸的恒星扩展,扭曲的信封,而不是紧凑的沃尔夫-拉叶星。
Recent discoveries of double neutron star (DNS) mergers and ultra-stripped supernovae (SNe) raise the questions of their origin and connection. We present the first 1D~model of a DNS progenitor system which is calculated self-consistently until an ultra-stripped iron core collapse. We apply the \texttt{MESA} code starting from a post-common envelope binary consisting of a $1.35\;M_\odot$ NS and a $3.20\;M_\odot$ zero-age main-sequence helium star and continue the modelling via Case~BB Roche-lobe overflow until the infall velocity of the collapsing iron core exceeds $1000\;{\rm km\,s}^{-1}$. Th…
Most massive stars are born in binary or higher-order multiple systems and exchange mass with a companion during their lives. In particular, the progenitors of a large fraction of compact object mergers, and Galactic neutron stars (NSs) and black holes (BHs) have been stripped off their envelopes by a binary companion. Here, we study the evolution of single and stripped binary stars up to core collapse with the stellar evolution code MESA and their final fates with a parametric supernova (SN) model. We find that stripped binary stars can have systematically different pre-SN structures compared…
The nature of the peculiar `Ca-rich' SN 2019ehk in the nearby galaxy M100 remains unclear. Its origin has been debated as either a stripped core-collapse supernova or a thermonuclear helium detonation event. Here, we present very late-time photometry of the transient obtained with the Keck I telescope at $\approx280$ days from peak light. Using the photometry to perform accurate flux calibration of a contemporaneous nebular phase spectrum, we measure an [O I] luminosity of $(0.19-1.08)\times10^{38}$ erg s$^{-1}$ and [Ca II] luminosity of $(2.7-15.6)\times10^{38}$ erg s$^{-1}$ over the range of…
The Berkeley Sample of Stripped-Envelope Supernovae
我们提出了完整的样本的剥离信封超新星(SN)光谱观测的利克天文台超新星搜索(LOSS)合作在过去的三十年中:888光谱的302 SNe,652在这里首次公布,与384光谱(92 SNe)具有光度测定的阶段。在校正红移和银河系尘埃红化和重新评估每个SN的光谱分类后,我们构建了三个主要光谱亚型(IIb型,Ib型和Ic型)的平均光谱。我们比较了这个样本的谱线强度和宽度的测量结果与以前的结果,证实了在峰值亮度后的前30天内,Ic型SNe中O I λ7774的吸收比Ib或IIb型SNe更强,并且速度更快,尽管星云发射谱线的宽度在亚型之间是一致的。我们还强调了一些罕见的感兴趣的亚群的新观察。
Type IIb supernovae are believed to originate from core-collapse progenitors having kept only a very thin hydrogen envelope. We aim to explore how some physical factors, such as rotation, metallicity, overshooting, and the initial orbital period in binaries, significantly affect the Roche lobe overflow and the formation of type IIb supernovae. It is found that binaries are the main channel that capable of producing type typeIIb supernovae progenitors in the mass range for initial masses below 20 $M_{\odot}$. The formation of type IIb supernova progenitors is extremely sensitive to the initial …
Probing the low-mass end of core-collapse supernovae using a sample of strongly-stripped Calcium-rich Type IIb Supernovae from the Zwicky Transient Facility
Diversity of stripped-envelope supernova light curves from interaction with binary-driven circumstellar material
Institute of Science and Technology Austria(奥地利科学技术研究院);Heidelberger Institut für Theoretische Studien(海德堡理论研究所);Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg, Astronomisches Rechen-Institut(海德堡大学天文学中心计算天文研究所);Department of Physics, University of Oxford(牛津大学物理系);National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, National Institutes of Natural Sciences(日本国立天文台,国立自然科学研究院);Graduate Institute for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI(SOKENDAI高级研究生院);School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University(莫纳什大学物理与天文学院);Institute of Astronomy, KU Leuven(荷语鲁汶大学天体物理学研究所);Leuven Gravity Institute, KU Leuven(荷语鲁汶大学勒芬引力研究所);Anton Pannekoek Institute of Astronomy, University of Amsterdam(阿姆斯特丹大学安东·潘内科克天体物理学研究所)
Spectral Dataset of Stripped-Envelope Supernovae from the Tsinghua Supernova Group
Beijing Planetarium(北京天文馆);Beijing Academy of Sciences and Technology(北京市科学技术研究院);Department of Physics, Tsinghua University(清华大学物理系);Yunnan Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences(中国科学院云南天文台);International Centre of Supernovae, Yunnan Key Laboratory(云南省超新星国际研究中心);Key Laboratory for the Structure and Evolution of Celestial Objects, Chinese Academy of Sciences(中国科学院天体结构与演化重点实验室);School of Physics and Information Engineering, Jiangsu Second Normal University(江苏第二师范学院物理与信息技术学院)
The discovery of rapidly rising and fading supernovae powered by circumstellar interaction has suggested the pre-supernova mass eruption phase as a critical phenomenon in massive star evolution. It is important to understand the mass and radial extent of the circumstellar medium (CSM) from theoretically predicted mass ejection mechanisms. In this work, we study the wave heating process in massive hydrogen-poor stars, running a suite of stellar models in order to predict the wave energy and pre-explosion time scale of surface energy deposition. We survey stellar models with main sequence progen…
The Demographics of Binary Companions to Stripped-Envelope Supernovae: Confronting Observations with Population Synthesis
Foundation for Research and Technology(研究与技术基金会);Space Telescope Science Institute(太空望远镜科学研究所);University of Toronto(多伦多大学);Carnegie Institution for Science(卡内基科学促进会);Northwestern University(西北大学);Caltech/IPAC(加州理工学院/IPAC);University of Washington(华盛顿大学)