人工实体的道德思考：一个文献综述
The Moral Consideration of Artificial Entities: A Literature Review
摘要：
伦理学家、政策制定者和公众都质疑机器人等人工实体是否值得权利或其他形式的道德考虑。迄今为止，关于这一主题的综合研究很少。我们确定了294个相关的研究或讨论项目，在我们的文献综述这一主题。学者们普遍认为，一些人造实体即使不是现在也可以在未来得到道德考虑。理由各不相同，例如对人工实体的影响的关注和对人类社会的影响的关注。除了传统的结果主义，义务论和美德伦理学的伦理框架，一些学者鼓励“信息伦理学”和“社会关系”的方法，虽然有机会更深入的道德研究的细微差别的道德考虑的人工实体。相关的经验数据汇集有限，主要是在一些关于人类对机器人和其他人造实体的当前道德和社会态度的心理学研究中。这表明社会科学研究在人工实体如何融入社会以及决定如何考虑有感知的人工实体的利益的因素方面存在重要差距。
英文摘要：
Ethicists, policy-makers, and the general public have questioned whether artificial entities such as robots warrant rights or other forms of moral consideration. There is little synthesis of the research on this topic so far. We identify 294 relevant research or discussion items in our literature review of this topic. There is widespread agreement among scholars that some artificial entities could warrant moral consideration in the future, if not also the present. The reasoning varies, such as concern for the effects on artificial entities and concern for the effects on human society. Beyond the conventional consequentialist, deontological, and virtue ethicist ethical frameworks, some scholars encourage "information ethics" and "social-relational" approaches, though there are opportunities for more in-depth ethical research on the nuances of moral consideration of artificial entities. There is limited relevant empirical data collection, primarily in a few psychological studies on current moral and social attitudes of humans towards robots and other artificial entities. This suggests an important gap for social science research on how artificial entities will be integrated into society and the factors that will determine how the interests of sentient artificial entities are considered.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
