arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 2102.02602eess.SYcs.ROcs.SY
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一种基于学习的自动驾驶汽车随机驾驶模型

A Learning-based Stochastic Driving Model for Autonomous Vehicle Testing

Tongji University(同济大学);University of Michigan(密歇根大学);University of Michigan Transportation Institute(密歇根大学交通研究所)

Lin Liu, Shuo Feng, Yiheng Feng, Xichan Zhu, Henry X. Liu

摘要:

在基于仿真的自动驾驶汽车(Autonomous Vehicles,AV)测试与评价中,背景车辆的驾驶行为直接影响到AV的驾驶行为,进而影响测试结果。现有的仿真平台使用预先确定的轨迹或确定性驾驶模型来对BV的行为进行建模。然而,预先确定的BV轨迹不能对AV的机动做出反应,并且由于缺乏随机分量和误差,确定性模型不同于真实的人类驾驶员。这两种方法都导致不切实际的交通情况。本文提出了一种基于学习的随机驾驶模型,以满足AV测试的独特需求,即交互式和人性化。该模型基于长短期记忆(LSTM)架构构建。通过将分位数回归的概念引入到模型的损失函数中,在没有任何人类驾驶员先验假设的情况下再现了随机行为。该模型的训练与大规模的自然驾驶数据(NDD)从安全试点模型部署(SPMD)项目,然后与随机智能驾驶模型(IDM)进行比较。对单个轨迹的分析表明,该模型可以比IDM再现更多与人类驾驶员相似的轨迹。为了验证所提出的模型在生成自然的驾驶环境的能力,交通仿真实验。结果表明,交通流参数,如速度,范围,车头时距分布与NDD匹配密切,这是非常重要的AV测试和评估。

英文摘要:

In the simulation-based testing and evaluation of autonomous vehicles (AVs), how background vehicles (BVs) drive directly influences the AV's driving behavior and further impacts the testing result. Existing simulation platforms use either pre-determined trajectories or deterministic driving models to model the BVs' behaviors. However, pre-determined BV trajectories can not react to the AV's maneuvers, and deterministic models are different from real human drivers due to the lack of stochastic components and errors. Both methods lead to unrealistic traffic scenarios. This paper presents a learning-based stochastic driving model that meets the unique needs of AV testing, i.e. interactive and human-like. The model is built based on the long-short-term-memory (LSTM) architecture. By incorporating the concept of quantile-regression to the loss function of the model, the stochastic behaviors are reproduced without any prior assumption of human drivers. The model is trained with the large-scale naturalistic driving data (NDD) from the Safety Pilot Model Deployment(SPMD) project and then compared with a stochastic intelligent driving model (IDM). Analysis of individual trajectories shows that the proposed model can reproduce more similar trajectories to human drivers than IDM. To validate the ability of the proposed model in generating a naturalistic driving environment, traffic simulation experiments are implemented. The results show that the traffic flow parameters such as speed, range, and headway distribution match closely with the NDD, which is of significant importance for AV testing and evaluation.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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