A Finsler metric of constant Gauss curvature $K = 1$ on 2-sphere

Multiplicity and stability of closed geodesics on bumpy Finsler 3-spheres

We prove that for every $\Q$-homological Finsler 3-sphere $(M,F)$ with a bumpy and irreversible metric $F$, either there exist two non-hyperbolic prime closed geodesics, or there exist at least three prime closed geodesics.

Riemannian and Finslerian spheres with fractal cut loci

The present paper shows that for a given integer k greater than 2 it is possible to construct an at least k-differentiable Riemannian metric on the sphere of a certain dimension such that the cut locus of a point of it becomes a fractal. Moreover, we show that this construction can be extended to the case of Finsler sphere as well.

The maximum diam theorem on Finsler manifolds

We prove that, for a Finsler space, if the weighted Ricci curvature is bounded below by a positive number and the diam attains its maximal value, then it is isometric to a standard Finsler sphere. As an application, we show that the first eigenvalue of the Finsler-Laplacian attains its lower bound if and only if the Finsler manifold is isometric to a standard Finsler sphere, and moreover, we obtain an explicit 1-st eigenfunction on the sphere.

Geodesically reversible Finsler 2-spheres of constant curvature

A Finsler space is said to be geodesically reversible if each oriented geodesic can be reparametrized as a geodesic with the reverse orientation. A reversible Finsler space is geodesically reversible, but the converse need not be true. In this note, building on recent work of LeBrun and Mason, it is shown that a geodesically reversible Finsler metric of constant flag curvature on the 2-sphere is necessarily projectively flat. As a corollary, using a previous result of the author, it is shown that a reversible Finsler metric of constant flag curvature on the 2-sphere is necessarily a Riemannian…

The isoparametric functions on a class of Finsler spheres

In this paper, we give global expressions of geodesics and isoparametric functions on a Randers sphere by navigation. We obtain isoparametric families and focal submanifolds in (S^{n}; F; dμ_{BH}) by Cartan-Münzner polynomials. Further more, we construct some examples of closed and non-closed geodesics, isoparametric functions, isoparametric families and focal submanifolds.

Grove-Shiohama type sphere theorem in Finsler geometry

From radial curvature geometry's standpoint, we prove a sphere theorem of the Grove-Shiohama type for a certain class of compact Finsler manifolds.

On the average indices of closed geodesics on positively curved Finsler spheres

In this paper, we prove that on every Finsler $n$-sphere $(S^n, F)$ for $n\ge 6$ with reversibility $λ$ and flag curvature $K$ satisfying $(\fracλ{λ+1})^2<K\le 1$, either there exist infinitely many prime closed geodesics or there exist $[\frac{n}{2}]-2$ closed geodesics possessing irrational average indices. If in addition the metric is bumpy, then there exist $n-3$ closed geodesics possessing irrational average indices provided the number of closed geodesics is finite.

Two elliptic closed geodesics on positively curved Finsler spheres

In this paper, we prove that for every Finsler $n$-dimensional sphere $(S^{n},F)$ with reversibility $\lm$ and flag curvature $K$ satisfying $\left(\frac{\lm}{1+\lm}\right)^2<K\le 1$, either there exist infinitely many closed geodesics, or there exist at least two elliptic closed geodesics and each linearized Poincaré map has at least one eigenvalue of the form $e^{\sqrt{-1}þ}$ with $þ$ being an irrational multiple of $π$.

Existence of closed geodesics on Finsler $n$-spheres

In this paper, we prove that on every Finsler $n$-sphere $(S^n, F)$ with reversibility $λ$ satisfying $F^2<(\frac{λ+1}λ)^2g_0$ and $l(S^n, F)\ge π(1+\frac{1}λ)$, there always exist at least $n$ prime closed geodesics without self-intersections, where $g_0$ is the standard Riemannian metric on $S^n$ with constant curvature 1 and $l(S^n, F)$ is the length of a shortest geodesic loop on $(S^n, F)$. We also study the stability of these closed geodesics.

Closed geodesics on positively curved Finsler spheres

In this paper, we prove that for every Finsler $n$-sphere $(S^n, F)$ for $n\ge 3$ with reversibility $λ$ and flag curvature $K$ satisfying $(\fracλ{λ+1})^2<K\le 1$, either there exist infinitely many prime closed geodesics or there exists one elliptic closed geodesic whose linearized Poincaré map has at least one eigenvalue which is of the form $\exp(πi μ)$ with an irrational $μ$. Furthermore, there always exist three prime closed geodesics on any $(S^3, F)$ satisfying the above pinching condition.

球面上测地轨道 Finsler $(α,β)$ 度量的测地图

Geodesic graphs for geodesic orbit Finsler $(α,β)$ metrics on spheres

研究球面上由 Riemannian 测地轨道度量生成的不变 Finsler $(α,β)$ 度量，通过显式测地图构造刻画其轨道条件，并证明非实射影空间不存在纯 Finsler 情形。

The number of geometrically distinct reversible closed geodesics on a Finsler sphere with $K\equiv 1$

In this paper we study the Finsler sphere $(S^n,F)$ with $n>1$, which has constant flag curvature $K\equiv 1$ and only finite prime closed geodesics. In this case, the connected isometry group $I_0(S^n,F)$ must be a torus which dimension satisfies $0<\dim I(S^n,F) \leq[\frac{n+1}{2}]$. We will prove that the number of geometrically distinct reversible closed geodesics on $(S^n,F)$ is at least $\dim I(S^n,F)$. When $\dim I_0(S^n,F)=[\frac{n+1}{2}]$, the equality happens, and there are exactly $2[\frac{n+1}{2}]$ prime closed geodesics, which verifies Anosov conjecture in this special case.

Veronese嵌入的形变与常曲率Finsler 2-球面

Deformations of the Veronese embedding and Finsler 2-spheres of constant curvature

本文建立常曲率闭测地线Finsler 2-球面与特定纺锤形orbifold上正定对称Ricci曲率闭测地线Weyl联络的一一对应，并利用加权射影空间Veronese嵌入的全纯形变构造出常曲率Finsler 2-球面实例。

A Gauss-Bonnet-Chern theorem for complex Finsler manifolds

In this paper, we establish a Gauss-Bonnet-Chern theorem for general closed complex Finsler manifolds.

Some Rigidity Results on Complete Finsler Manifolds

We provide an extension of Obata's theorem to Finsler geometry and establish some rigidity results based on a second order differential equation. Mainly, we prove that every complete connected Finsler manifold of positive constant flag curvature is isometrically homeomorphic to an Euclidean sphere endowed with a certain Finsler metric and vice versa. Based on these results, we present a classification of Finsler manifolds which admit a transnormal function. Specifically, we show that if a complete Finsler manifold admits a transnormal function with exactly two critical points, then it is homeo…

A Gauss-Bonnet-Chern theorem for Finsler vector bundles

In this paper, we give a simple proof of the Gauss-Bonnet-Chern theorem for a real oriented Finsler vector bundle with rank equal to the dimension of the base manifold. As an application, a Gauss-Bonnet-Chern formula for any metric-compatible connection is established on Finsler manifolds.

A simple proof of the Gauss-Bonnet-Chern formula for Finsler manifolds

From the point of view of index theory, we give a simple proof of a Gauss-Bonnet-Chern formula for all Finsler manifolds by the Cartan connection. Based on this, we establish a Gauss-Bonnet-Chern formula for any metric-compatible connection and also derive the Gauss-Bonnet-Chern formula of Lackey.

Projectively flat Finsler 2-spheres of constant curvature

I classify the Finsler structures on the 2-sphere that have constant Finsler-Gauss curvature and whose geodesics are the great circles. Modulo diffeomorphism, there is a 2-parameter family of such Finsler structures, only one of which is homogeneous or symmetric, namely the Riemannian one. I discuss the history of the problem and its relation with Hilbert's Fourth Problem and the calculus of variations.

A Gauss-Bonnet Type Formula on Riemann-Finsler surfaces with non-constant indicatrix volume

We prove a Gauss-Bonnet type formula for Riemann-Finsler surfaces of non-constant indicatrix volume and with regular piecewise smooth boundary. We give a Hadamard type theorem for N-parallels of a Landsberg surface.

Finsler spheres with constant flag curvature and finite orbits of prime closed geodesics

In this paper, we consider a Finsler sphere $(M,F)=(S^n,F)$ with the dimension $n>1$ and the flag curvature $K\equiv 1$. The action of the connected isometry group $G=I_o(M,F)$ on $M$, together with the action of $T=S^1$ shifting the parameter $t\in \mathbb{R}/\mathbb{Z}$ of the closed curve $c(t)$, define an action of $\hat{G}=G\times T$ on the free loop space $λM$ of $M$. In particular, for each closed geodesic, we have a $\hat{G}$-orbit of closed geodesics. We assume the Finsler sphere $(M,F)$ described above has only finite orbits of prime closed geodesics. Our main theorem claims, if the …

Strong rigidity of constant curvature Finsler manifolds

Here, an extension of the Obata-Tanno's theorem to Finsler geometry is established and the following rigidity result is obtained; Every complete connected Finsler manifold of positive constant flag curvature is isometrically homeomorphic to an $n$-sphere equipped with a certain Finsler metric, and vise versa.

Superconnections and An Intrinsic Gauss-Bonnet-Chern Formula for Finsler Manifolds

In this paper, we establish an intrinsic Gauss-Bonnet-Chern formula for Finsler manifolds by using the Mathai-Quillen's superconnection formalism, in which no extra vector field is involved. Furthermore, we prove a more general Lichnerowicz formula in this direction through a geometric localization procedure.

A Finsler counterexample to the Croke conjecture for the systolic ratio on the 2-sphere

We exhibit a Finsler metric on the 2-sphere whose systolic (Holmes-Thompson) ratio is $\frac{4π}{3}$. This is bigger than the conjectured maximal Riemannian systolic ratio of $2\sqrt{3}$ achieved by the Calabi-Croke metric. The construction of the Finsler metric is heavily inspired by a paper of Cossarini-Sabourau.

On Compact Finsler Spaces of Positive Constant Curvature

An $n$-dimensional ($n\geq 2$) simply connected, compact without boundary Finsler space of positive constant sectional curvature is conformally homeomorphic to an n-sphere in the Euclidean space $\R^{n+1}$.

Existence of closed geodesics on positively curved Finsler manifolds

For non-reversible Finsler metrics of positive flag curvature on spheres and projective spaces we present results about the number and the length of closed geodesics and about their stability properties.

On the multiplicity of closed geodesics on Finsler spheres with irrationally elliptic closed geodesics

If all prime closed geodesics on $(S^n,F)$ with an irreversible Finsler metric $F$ are irrationally elliptic, there exist either exactly $2\left[\frac{n+1}{2}\right]$ or infinitely many distinct closed geodesics. As an application, we show the existence of three distinct closed geodesics on bumpy Finsler $(S^3,F)$ if any prime closed geodesic has non-zero Morse index.

Closed geodesics on positively curved spheres $S^n$ with Finsler metric induced by $(\mathbb{R}P^n,F)$

It's well known that the n-sphere $S^n$ is the universal double covering of the $n$-dimensional real projective space $\mathbb{R}P^n$ and then any Finsler metric on $\mathbb{R}P^n$ induces a Finsler metric of $S^n$. In this paper, we prove that for every Finsler $(S^n, F)$ for $n\geq3$ whose metric is induced by irreversible Finsler $(\mathbb{R}P^n,F)$ with reversibility $λ$ and flag curvature $K$ satisfying $(\fracλ{λ+1})^2<K\leq 1$, there exist at least $n-1$ prime closed geodesics on $(S^n, F)$. Furthermore, if there exist finitely many distinct closed geodesics on $(S^n, F)$, then there ex…

Finsler几何与各向异性弹性中沿测地线由球面数据重建

Reconstruction along a geodesic from sphere data in Finsler geometry and anisotropic elasticity

本文将Dix弹性体反演问题几何化为Finsler流形球面数据重建问题，并首次在局部沿任意穿过测量集的测地线给出求解方案。

Non-hyperbolic closed geodesics on positively curved Finsler spheres

In this paper, we prove that for every Finsler $n$-dimensional sphere $(S^n,F), n\ge 3$ with reversibility $λ$ and flag curvature $K$ satisfying $\left(\fracλ{1+λ}\right)^2<K\le 1$, there exist at least three distinct closed geodesics and at least two of them are elliptic if the number of prime closed geodesics is finite. When $n\ge 6$, these three distinct closed geodesics are non-hyperbolic.

A Schur type lemma for the Mean Berwald curvature in Finsler geometry

In this short paper, we study a symmetric covariant tensor in Finsler geometry, which is called the mean Berwald curvature. We first investigate the geometry of the fibres as the submanifolds of the tangent sphere bundle on a Finsler manifold. Then we prove that if the mean Berwald curvature is isotropic along fibres, then the Berwald scalar curvature is constant along fibres.

Some remarks on Finsler manifolds with constant flag curvature

This article is an exposition of four loosely related remarks on the geometry of Finsler manifolds with constant positive flag curvature. <p> The first remark is that there is a canonical Kahler structure on the space of geodesics of such a manifold. <p> The second remark is that there is a natural way to construct a (not necessarily complete) Finsler n-manifold of constant positive flag curvature out of a hypersurface in suitably general position in complex projective n-space. <p> The third remark is that there is a description of the Finsler metrics of constant curvature on the 2-sphere in t…

关于调和与渐近调和 Finsler 流形

On Harmonic and Asymptotically Harmonic Finsler Manifolds

本文系统研究调和 Finsler 流形，利用测地球平均曲率与距离函数 Laplacian 给出刻画，证明部分空间具有 Einstein 型结构，并提出构造 Randers 型调和流形的方法及非黎曼常曲率例子。

Finsler 3维球面上的多条闭测地线

Multiple closed geodesics on Finsler $3$-dimensional sphere

本文在所有素闭测地线Morse指数非零的条件下，证明了Anosov关于bumpy Finsler $S^3$至少存在四条素闭测地线的猜想。

Sharp systolic inequalities for Riemannian and Finsler spheres of revolution

We prove that the systolic ratio of a sphere of revolution $S$ does not exceed $π$ and equals $π$ if and only if $S$ is Zoll. More generally, we consider the rotationally symmetric Finsler metrics on a sphere of revolution which are defined by shifting the tangent unit circles by a Killing vector field. We prove that in this class of metrics the systolic ratio does not exceed $π$ and equals $π$ if and only if the metric is Riemannian and Zoll.

Finsler 2-manifolds whose holonomy group is the diffeomorphism group of the circle

In this paper we show that the topological closure of the holonomy group of a certain class of projectively flat Finsler 2-manifolds of constant curvature is maximal, that is isomorphic to the connected component of the diffeomorphism group of the circle. This class of 2-manifolds contains the standard Funk plane of constant negative curvature and the Bryant-Shen-spheres of constant positive curvature. The result provides the first examples describing completely infinite dimensional Finslerian holonomy structures.

Multiplicity and stability of closed geodesics on positively curved Finsler $4$-spheres

In this paper, we prove that for every Finsler $4$-dimensional sphere $(S^4,F)$ with reversibility $λ$ and flag curvature $K$ satisfying $\frac{25}{9}\left(\fracλ{1+λ}\right)^2<K\le 1$ with $λ<\frac{3}{2}$, either there exist at least four prime closed geodesics, or there exist exactly three prime non-hyperbolic closed geodesics and at least two of them are irrationally elliptic.

Closed geodesics on reversible Finsler 2-spheres

We extend two celebrated theorems on closed geodesics of Riemannian 2-spheres to the larger class of reversible Finsler 2-spheres: Lusternik-Schnirelmann's theorem asserting the existence of three simple closed geodesics, and Bangert-Franks-Hingston's theorem asserting the existence of infinitely many closed geodesics. In order to prove the first theorem, we employ the generalization of Grayson's curve shortening flow developed by Angenent-Oaks.

源自黎曼g.o.度量的Finsler度量的测地线结构

Structure of geodesics for Finsler metrics arising from Riemannian g.o. metrics

本文研究由多个黎曼测地轨道度量导出的齐性Finsler度量的测地线，证明正相关黎曼测地轨道度量导出的Finsler度量具测地轨道性质，还分析了S⁷上新型(α₁,α₂,α₃)Finsler度量的测地图，补全了此前球面测地轨道度量分类的缺失情形。

Finslerian Ressiner-Nordstrom spacetime

We have obtained Finslerian Ressiner-Nordstrom solution where it is asymptotic to a Finsler spacetime with constant flag curvature while $r\rightarrow\infty$. The covariant derivative of modified Einstein tensor in Finslerian gravitational field equation for this solution is conserved. The symmetry of the special Finslerian Ressiner-Nordstrom spacetime, namely, Finsler spacetime with constant flag curvature, has been investigated. It admits four independent Killing vectors. The Finslerian Ressiner-Nordstrom solution differs from Ressiner-Nordstrom metric only in two dimensional subspace. And o…

Finsler surfaces with prescribed geodesics

We construct all Finsler metrics on the two-sphere for which geodesics are circles and show that any (reversible) path geometry on a two-dimensional manifold is locally the system of geodesics of a Finsler metric.

Curvatures of spheres in Hilbert geometry

We prove that the normal curvatures of hyperspheres, the Rund curvature, and the Finsler curvature of circles in Hilbert geometry tend to 1 as the radii tend to infinity

On a Class of Complete and Projectively Flat Finsler Metrics

An $(α,β)$-manifold $(M,F)$ is a Finsler manifold with the Finsler metric $F$ being defined by a Riemannian metric $α$ and $1$-form $β$ on the manifold $M$. In this paper, we classify $n$-dimensional $(α,β)$-manifolds (non-Randers type) which are positively complete and locally projectively flat. We show that the non-trivial class is that $M$ is homeomorphic to the $n$-sphere $S^n$ and $(S^n,F)$ is projectively related to a standard spherical Riemannian manifold, and then we obtain some special geometric properties on the geodesics and scalar flag curvature of $F$ on $S^n$, especially when $F$…

具有简单割迹的旋转二维球面上的 Randers 度量

Randers metrics on two-spheres of revolution with simple cut locus

本文研究旋转二维球面上的 Randers 度量，在导航数据非 Killing 场且无曲率限制条件下分析测地线、共轭轨迹与割迹，构造出具有简单割迹的新度量族。

正曲率Finsler球面上闭测地线的最小数量研究

On the minimal number of closed geodesics on positively curved Finsler spheres

该研究针对满足特定曲率与可逆性条件的正曲率Finsler球面，证明了其上素闭测地线的最小数量下界，解决了偶数维情形下的Katok-Anosov猜想，并给出了有限闭测地线情形下非双曲闭测地线的数量下界。

The Schwarzian derivative and conformal transformation on Finsler manifolds

Thurston, in 1986, discovered that the Schwarzian derivative has mysterious properties similar to the curvature on a manifold. After his work, there are several approaches to develop this notion on Riemannian manifolds. Here, a tensor field is identified in the study of global conformal diffeomorphisms on Finsler manifolds as a natural generalization of the Schwarzian derivative. Then, a natural definition of a Mobius mapping on Finsler manifolds is given and its properties are studied. In particular, it is shown that Mobius mappings are mappings that preserve circles and vice versa. Therefore…

On $U(n)$-invariant strongly convex complex Finsler metrics

In this paper, we obtain a necessary and sufficient condition for a $U(n)$-invariant complex Finsler metric $F$ on domains in $\mathbb{C}^n$ to be strongly convex, which also makes it possible to investigate relationship between real and complex Finsler geometry via concrete and computable examples. We prove a rigid theorem which states that a $U(n)$-invariant strongly convex complex Finsler metric $F$ is a real Berwald metric if and only if $F$ comes from a $U(n)$-invariant Hermitian metric. We give a characterization of $U(n)$-invariant weakly complex Berwald metrics with vanishing holomorph…

Two short closed geodesics on a sphere of odd dimension

We show that for an open and dense set non-reversible Finsler metrics on a sphere of odd dimension $n=2m-1 \ge 3$ there is a second closed geodesic with Morse index $\le 4(m+2)(m-1)+2.$

Bumpy metrics on spheres and minimal index growth

The existence of two geometrically distinct closed geodesics on an $n$-dimensional sphere $S^n$ with a non-reversible and bumpy Finsler metric was shown independently by Duan--Long [7] and the author [27]. We simplify the proof of this statement by the following observation: If for some $N \in \mathbb{N}$ all closed geodesics of index $\le N$ of a non-reversible and bumpy Finsler metric on $S^n$ are geometrically equivalent to the closed geodesic $c$ then there is a covering $c^r$ of minimal index growth, i.e. $${\rm ind}(c^{rm})=m {\rm ind}(c^r)-(m-1)(n-1)$$ for all $m \ge 1$ with ${\rm ind}\…

The Length of a Shortest Geodesic Loop

We give a lower bound for the length of a non-trivial geodesic loop on a simply-connected and compact manifold of even dimension with a non-reversible Finsler metric of positive flag curvature. Harris and Paternain use this estimate in their recent paper [HP] to give a geometric characterization of dynamically convex Finsler metrics on the 2-sphere.

A class of Finsler surfaces whose geodesics are circles

We determine all Finsler metrics of Randers type for which the Riemannian part is a scalar multiple of the Euclidean metric, on an open subset of the Euclidean plane, whose geodesics are circles. We show that the Riemannian part must be of constant Gaussian curvature, and that for every such Riemannian metric there is a class of Randers metrics satisfying the condition, determined up to the addition of a total derivative, depending on a single parameter. As one of several applications we exhibit a Finsler metric whose geodesics are the oriented horocycles in the Poincare disk, in each of the t…

Two-dimensional Finsler metrics of constant curvature

A Riemannian metric is of constant curvature if and only if it is locally projectively flat. There are infinitely many locally projectively flat Finsler metrics of constant curvature, that are special solutions to the Hilbert's Fourth Problem. In this paper, we use the technique in the paper titled "Finsler metrics with K=0 and S=0" (math.DG/0109060) to construct infinitely many Finsler metrics on the 2-sphere with constant curvature K=1 and infinitely many Finsler metrics on the 2-disk with constant curvature K = -1. These metrics are not projectively flat. So far, the classification of Finsl…

Some comparison theorems in Finsler-Hadamard manifolds

We give upper and lower bounds for the ratio of the volume of metric ball to the area of the metric sphere in Finsler-Hadamard manifolds with pinched S-curvature. We apply these estimates to find the limit at the infinity for this ratio. Derived estimates are the generalization of the well-known result in Riemannian geometry. We also estimate the volume growth entropy for the balls in such manifolds.

与芬斯勒空间相关的平均结构

Average structures associated with a Finsler space

该研究提出芬斯勒空间的平均方法，将芬斯勒几何对象关联为仿射几何对象，推导了平均联络的相关性质，推广了Gauss-Bonnet定理并证明了对称空间性质的遗传性。

常曲率球对称射影 Finsler 度量的完整群

The holonomy of spherically symmetric projective Finsler metrics of constant curvature

本文证明常曲率球对称射影 Finsler 度量的完整群极大，并在单连通情形下同构于 $Diff_o({\mathbb S^{n-1}})$，首次显式刻画了非 Berwald 的 n 维 Finsler 流形完整群。