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arXiv 2101.03320hep-th
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引力Anomaly的量子信息理论

Quantum Information Theory of the Gravitational Anomaly

Simeon Hellerman, Domenico Orlando, Masataka Watanabe

摘要:

我们表明,标准的纠缠概念是没有定义的引力反常的二维理论,因为他们不承认一个局部张量分解的希尔伯特空间到局部希尔伯特空间。定性地说,如果在两个相反的方向上有不同数量的具有给定能量的状态,则模块流不能在有限区域中一致地和幺正地起作用。我们通过将其分解为两个观察来使其精确:第一,二维CFT仅当它不是反常的时才允许有边界空间上的一致量子化。其次,局部张量分解总是导致一致的,酉的,能量保持的边界条件的定义。作为推论,我们建立了尼尔森-二宫定理对所有二维幺正局域量子场论的推广:没有二维连续量子场论可以接受晶格调节子,除非它的引力异常消失。我们还表明,结论可以推广到六维降维的非零签名的四维流形。我们主张用这些观点从理论上重新解释引力异常量子信息,作为量子信息局域化的根本障碍。

英文摘要:

We show that the standard notion of entanglement is not defined for gravitationally anomalous two-dimensional theories because they do not admit a local tensor factorization of the Hilbert space into local Hilbert spaces. Qualitatively, the modular flow cannot act consistently and unitarily in a finite region, if there are different numbers of states with a given energy traveling in the two opposite directions. We make this precise by decomposing it into two observations: First, a two-dimensional CFT admits a consistent quantization on a space with boundary only if it is not anomalous. Second, a local tensor factorization always leads to a definition of consistent, unitary, energy-preserving boundary condition. As a corollary we establish a generalization of the Nielsen-Ninomiya theorem to all two-dimensional unitary local QFTs: No continuum quantum field theory in two dimensions can admit a lattice regulator unless its gravitational anomaly vanishes. We also show that the conclusion can be generalized to six dimensions by dimensional reduction on a four-manifold of nonvanishing signature. We advocate that these points be used to reinterpret the gravitational anomaly quantum-information-theoretically, as a fundamental obstruction to the localization of quantum information.

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