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arXiv 2101.03023q-bio.PEmath.OCq-bio.QM
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COVID-19大流行期间口罩的最优配置--以美国第一波疫情为例

Optimal allocation of face masks during the COVID-19 pandemic: a case study of the first epidemic wave in the United States

Jun Liu, Xiang-Sheng Wang

摘要:

在本文中,我们提出了一个两组SIR流行病模型,以模拟在美国第一次COVID-19疫情期间,居家政策和戴口罩的结果。基于我们提出的模型,我们进一步使用最优控制方法(以最小化总死亡人数为目标)来找到口罩在医护人员和公众之间的最优动态分配。如果供应不足,所有口罩都应该只留给医护人员,这并不奇怪。然而,当供应确实充足时,我们的数值研究表明,在疫情爆发之初,公众应该分享很大一部分口罩,以大幅减少死亡人数。这一有趣的结果与美国外科医生和疾病控制和预防中心(CDC)在2020年3月建议的指南部分矛盾。CDC这一听起来合理的指导方针的最优性高度依赖于频繁变化的口罩供应水平,因此应根据口罩供应情况进行调整。

英文摘要:

In this paper, we propose a two-group SIR epidemic model to simulate the outcome of stay-at-home policy and wearing face masks during the first COVID-19 epidemic wave in the United States. Based on our proposed model, we further use the optimal control approach (with the objective of minimizing total deaths) to find the optimal dynamical distribution of face masks between the healthcare workers and the general public. It is not surprising that all the face masks should be solely reserved for the healthcare workers if the supply is short. However, when the supply is indeed sufficient, our numerical study indicates that the general public should share a large portion of face masks at the beginning of an epidemic wave to dramatically reduce the death toll. This interesting result partially contradicts with the guideline advised by the US Surgeon General and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in March 2020. The optimality of this sounding CDC guideline highly depends on the supply level of face masks that changes frequently, and hence it should be adjusted according to the supply of face masks.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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