Exact categories of topological vector spaces with linear topology
Leonid Positselski
备注：
LaTeX 2e with xy-pic; 71 pages, 9 commutative diagrams; v.2: Remark 12.2, Example 13.1(3), and Remark 13.6 inserted; v.3: seven references added; v.4: several misprints corrected, references added and updated, two paragraphs inserted in the Introduction, one in Example 4.1, and one in Section 9; v.5: several misprints corrected
We explain why the naive definition of a natural exact category structure on complete, separated topological vector spaces with linear topology fails. In particular, contrary to arXiv:0711.2527, the category of such topological vector spaces is not quasi-abelian. We present a corrected definition of exact category structure which works OK. Then we explain that the corrected definition still has a shortcoming in that a natural tensor product functor is not exact in it, and discuss ways to refine the exact category structure so as to make the tensor product functors exact.
Based on Garner's discovery that topological categories are total categories enriched in a quantaloid, this paper presents a series of results related to initial and final density in categorical topology via (co)density in quantaloid-enriched categories, focusing on (co-)Sierpiński objects, Galois correspondences and their fixed points.
Generalising Nachbin's theory of "topology and order", in this paper we continue the study of quantale-enriched categories equipped with a compact Hausdorff topology. We compare these $\mathcal{V}$-categorical compact Hausdorff spaces with ultrafilter-quantale-enriched categories, and show that the presence of a compact Hausdorff topology guarantees Cauchy completeness and (suitably defined) codirected completeness of the underlying quantale enriched category.
Quillen's notion of small object and the Gabriel-Ulmer notion of finitely presentable or generated object are fundamental in homotopy theory and categorical algebra. Do these notions always lead to rather uninteresting classes of objects in categories of topological spaces, such as all finite discrete spaces, or just the empty space, as the examples and remarks in the existing literature may suggest? This article demonstrates that the establishment of full characterizations of these notions (and some natural variations thereof) in many familiar categories of spaces can be quite challenging and…
In all approaches to convergence where the concept of filter is taken as primary, the usual motivation is the notion of neighborhood filter in a topological space. However, these approaches often lead to spaces more general than topological ones, thereby calling into question the need to use filters in the first place. In this note we overturn the usual view and take as primary the notion of convergence in the most general context of centered spaces. In this setting, the notion of filterbase emerges from the concept of germ of a function, while the concept of filter emerges from an amnestic mo…
A family of closed subsets of a topological space $X$ is called a (strict) $Cld$-fan in $X$ if this family is (strictly) compact-finite but not locally finite in $X$. Applications of (strict) $Cld$-fans are based on a simple observation that $k$-spaces contain no $Cld$-fan and Ascoli spaces contain no strict $Cld$-fan. In this paper we develop the machinery of (strict) fans and apply it to detecting the $k$-space and Ascoli properties in spaces that naturally appear in General Topology, Functional Analysis, and Topological Algebra. In particular, we detect (generalized) metric spaces $X$ whose…
In fairly elementary terms this paper presents, and expands upon, a recent result by Garner by which the notion of topologicity of a concrete functor is subsumed under the concept of total cocompleteness of enriched category theory. Motivated by some key results of the 1970s, the paper develops all needed ingredients from the theory of quantaloids in order to place essential results of categorical topology into the context of quantaloid-enriched category theory, a field that previously drew its motivation and applications from other domains, such as quantum logic and sheaf theory.
It is known since 1973 that Lawvere's notion of (Cauchy-)complete enriched category is meaningful for metric spaces: it captures exactly Cauchy-complete metric spaces. In this paper we introduce the corresponding notion of Lawvere completeness for $(\mathbb{T},\mathsf{V})$-categories and show that it has an interesting meaning for topological spaces and quasi-uniform spaces: for the former ones means weak sobriety while for the latter means Cauchy completeness. Further, we show that $\mathsf{V}$ has a canonical $(\mathbb{T},\mathsf{V})$-category structure which plays a key role: it is Lawvere-…
For a small quantaloid $\mathcal{Q}$ we consider four fundamental 2-monads $\mathbb{T}$ on $\mathcal{Q}\text{-}{\bf Cat}$, given by the presheaf 2-monad $\mathbb{P}$ and the copresheaf 2-monad $\mathbb{P}^{\dagger}$, as well as by their two composite 2-monads, and establish that they all laxly distribute over $\mathbb{P}$. These four 2-monads therefore admit lax extensions to the category $\mathcal{Q}\text{-}{\bf Dist}$ of $\mathcal{Q}$-categories and their distributors. We characterize the corresponding $(\mathbb{T},\mathcal{Q})$-categories in each of the four cases, leading us to both known …
Using generalized enriched categories, in this paper we show that Rosický's proof of cartesian closedness of the exact completion of the category of topological spaces can be extended to a wide range of topological categories over $\mathsf{Set}$, like metric spaces, approach spaces, ultrametric spaces, probabilistic metric spaces, and bitopological spaces. In order to do so we prove a sufficient criterion for exponentiability of $(\mathbb{T},V)$-categories and show that, under suitable conditions, every $(\mathbb{T},V)$-injective category is exponentiable in $(\mathbb{T},V)\text{-}\mathsf{Cat}…
We firstly introduce some key concepts in category theory, such as quotient category, completion of limits, $\mathrm{Mor}$ category, and so on; then give the concept of topology algebras and sheaves, and discuss how to restore the structue of sheaves from their stalks; lastly, we introduce the sheaf-theoretical expression for topological spaces, and rediscribe some essential items in topology and geometry by defining a kind of generally existing category sheaves.
We show that the category $L\textbf{-Top}_{0}$ of $T_{0}$-$L$-topological spaces is the epireflective hull of Sierpinski $L$-topological space in the category $L\textbf{-Top}$ of $L$-topological spaces and the category $L\textbf{-Sob}$ of sober $L$-topological spaces is the epireflective hull of Sierpinski $L$-topological space in the category $L\textbf{-Top}_{0}$.
It is proved that the projective model structure of the category of topologically enriched diagrams of topological spaces over a topologically enriched locally contractible small category is Quillen equivalent to the standard Quillen model structure of topological spaces. We give a geometric interpretation of this fact in directed homotopy.
Given an additive equational category with a closed symmetric monoidal structure and a potential dualizing object, we find sufficient conditions that the category of topological objects over that category has a good notion of full subcategories of strong and weakly topologized objects and show that each is equivalent to the chu category of the original category with respect to the dualizing object.
In this work we discuss an elementary self-contained presentation of the notion of a semiabelian category, introduced by Raikov and Palamodov. Fundamental examples of (non-abelian) semiabelian categories occuring in Functional Analysis and Topological Algebra are treated in detail throughout the paper.
Given a simply connected manifold M such that its cochain algebra, C^\star(M), is a pure Sullivan dga, this paper considers curved deformations of the algebra C_\star(ΩM) and consider when the category of curved modules over these algebras becomes fully dualizable. For simple manifolds, like products of spheres, we are able to give an explicit criterion for when the resulting category of curved modules is smooth, proper and CY and thus gives rise to a TQFT. We give Floer theoretic interpretations of these theories for projective spaces and their products, which involve defining a Fukaya catego…
We provide an explicit formula for localizing $A^1$-homotopy invariants of topological Fukaya categories of marked surfaces. Following a proposal of Kontsevich, this differential $\mathbb Z$-graded category is defined as global sections of a constructible cosheaf of dg categories on any spine of the surface. Our theorem utilizes this sheaf-theoretic description to reduce the calculation of invariants to the local case when the surface is a boundary-marked disk. At the heart of the proof lies a theory of localization for topological Fukaya categories which is a combinatorial analog of Thomason-…
We prove that the collection of model structures on (quasicoherent) module categories does not obey flat descent. In particular, it fails to be a separated presheaf, in the fppf topology, on Artin stacks.
In these self-contained low prerequisite introductory notes we first present (in part 1) basic concepts of set theory and algebra without explicit category theory. We then present (in part 2) basic category theory involving a somewhat detailed discussion of system limits and the exact imbedding of abelian categories. This is followed (in part 3) by a discussion of localization, homological algebra, and generalizations of additive and abelian categories such as triangulated and derived categories. Based on the concepts of category theory from parts 2 and 3, (in part 4) we provide hints for cons…
The well-known Lawvere category R of extended real positive numbers comes with a monoidal closed structure where the tensor product is the sum. But R has another such structure, given by multiplication, which is *-autonomous. Normed sets, with a norm in R, inherit thus two symmetric monoidal closed structures, and categories enriched on one of them have a 'subadditive' or 'submultiplicative' norm, respectively. Typically, the first case occurs when the norm expresses a cost, the second with Lipschitz norms. This paper is a preparation for a sequel, devoted to 'weighted algebraic topology', an …
We are concerned with the center (=quantum double) of tensor categories and prove generalizations of several results proven previously for quantum doubles of Hopf algebras. We consider F-linear tensor categories C with simple unit and finitely many isomorphism classes of simple objects. We assume that C is either a *-category (i.e. there is a positive *-operation on the morphisms) or semisimple and spherical over an algebraically closed field F. In the latter case we assume that dim C=sum_i d(X_i)^2 is non-zero, where the summation runs over the isomorphism classes of simple objects. We prove:…
Higher-dimensional category theory is the study of n-categories, operads, braided monoidal categories, and other such exotic structures. Although it can be treated purely as an algebraic subject, it is inherently topological in nature: the higher-dimensional diagrams one draws to represent these structures can be taken quite literally as pieces of topology. Examples of this are the braids in a braided monoidal category, and the pentagon which appears in the definitions of both monoidal category and A_infinity space. I will try to give a Friday-afternoonish description of some of the dreams peo…
In this paper we introduce the notion of an operator category and two different models for homotopy theory of $\infty$-operads over an operator category -- one of which extends Lurie's theory of $\infty$-operads, the other of which is completely new, even in the commutative setting. We define perfect operator categories, and we describe a category $Λ(Φ)$ attached to a perfect operator category $Φ$ that provides Segal maps. We define a wreath product of operator categories and a form of the Boardman--Vogt tensor product that lies over it. We then give examples of operator categories that provid…
We consider certain categorical structures that are implicit in subfactor theory. Making the connection between subfactor theory (at finite index) and category theory explicit sheds light on both subjects. Furthermore, it allows various generalizations of these structures, e.g. to arbitrary ground fields, and the proof of new results about topological invariants in three dimensions. The central notion is that of a Frobenius algebra in a tensor category A, which reduces to the classical notion if A=F-Vect, where F is a field. An object X in A with two-sided dual X^ gives rise to a Frobenius alg…
We define and characterise small support for complexes over non-Noetherian rings and in this context prove a vanishing theorem for modules. Our definition of support makes sense for any rigidly compactly generated tensor triangulated category. Working in this generality, we establish basic properties of support and investigate when it detects vanishing. We use pointless topology to relate support, the topology of the Balmer spectrum, and the structure of the idempotent Bousfield lattice.
The introduction of the categorical notion of closure operators has unified various important notions and has led to interesting examples and applications in diverse areas of mathematics (see for example, Dikranjan and Tholen (\cite{DT})). For a topological space it is well-known that the associated closure and interior operators provide equivalent descriptions of the topology, but this is not true in general. So, it makes sense to define and study the notion of interior operators $I$ in the context of a category $\mathfrak C$ and a fixed class $\mathcal M$ of monomorphisms in $\mathfrak C$ cl…
We discuss generalised duality theory for monoidal categories and its applications to the categories of exact endofunctors, graded vector spaces, and topological vector spaces.
Comodules over Hopf algebroids are of central importance in algebraic topology. It is well-known that a Hopf algebroid is the same thing as a presheaf of groupoids on Aff, the opposite category of commutative rings. We show in this paper that a comodule is the same thing as a quasi-coherent sheaf over this presheaf of groupoids. We prove the general theorem that internal equivalences of presheaves of groupoids with respect to a Grothendieck topology on Aff give rise to equivalences of categories of sheaves in that topology. We then show using faithfully flat descent that an internal equivalenc…
We rewrite classical topological definitions using the category-theoretic notation of arrows and are led to concise reformulations in terms of simplicial categories and orthogonality of morphisms, which we hope might be of use in the formalisation of topology and in developing the tame topology of Grothendieck. Namely, we observe that topological and uniform spaces are simplicial objects in the same category, a category of filters, and that a number of elementary properties can be obtained by repeatedly passing to the left or right orthogonal (in the sense of Quillen model categories) starting…
We axiomatize the extended operators in topological orders (possibly gravitationally anomalous, possibly with degenerate ground states) in terms of monoidal Karoubi-complete $n$-categories which are mildly dualizable and have trivial centre. Dualizability encodes the word "topological," and we take it as the definition of "(separable) multifusion $n$-category"; triviality of the centre implements the physical principle of "remote detectability." We show that such $n$-categorical algebras are Morita-invertible (in the appropriate higher Morita category), thereby identifying topological orders w…
We find a non-trivial representation of the symmetric group $S_n$ on the $n$-fold Deligne product $\mathcal{C}^{\boxtimes n}$ of a modular tensor category $\mathcal{C}$ for any $n \geq 2$. This is accomplished by checking that a particular family of $\mathcal{C}^{\boxtimes n}$-bimodule categories representing adjacent transpositions satisfies the symmetric group relations with respect to the relative Deligne product. The bimodule categories are based on a permutation action of $S_2$ on $\mathcal{C}\boxtimes\mathcal{C}$ discussed by Fuchs and Schweigert in hep-th/1310.1329 , for which we show t…
In this paper, we define the notion of closed models defined by counting, and we compute their homotopy categories. We apply this construction to various categories of graphs. We show that there does not exist a closed model in the category of undirected graphs which characterizes the Ihara Zeta function in the sense that, a morphism $f:X\rightarrow Y$ is a weak equivalence for this model if and only if it induces a bijection between the sets of non degenerated cycles of $X$ and $Y$. Finally, we apply our construction to Galoisian complexes and dessins d'enfant.
Higher-dimensional category theory is the study of n-categories, operads, braided monoidal categories, and other such exotic structures. It draws its inspiration from areas as diverse as topology, quantum algebra, mathematical physics, logic, and theoretical computer science. This is the first book on the subject and lays its foundations. Many examples are given throughout. There is also an introductory chapter motivating the subject for topologists.
The modular data of a modular category $\mathcal{C}$, consisting of the $S$-matrix and the $T$-matrix, is known to be an incomplete invariant of $\mathcal{C}$. More generally, the invariants of framed links and knots defined by a modular category as part of a topological quantum field theory can be viewed as numerical invariants of the category. Among these invariants, we study the invariant defined by the Borromean link colored by three objects. Thus we obtain a tensor that we call $B$. We derive a formula for the Borromean tensor for the twisted Drinfeld doubles of finite groups. Along with …
