We propose a new class of computer generated holograms whose far fields possess designer-specified polarization response. We dub these Jones matrix holograms. We provide a simple procedure for their implementation using form-birefringent metasurfaces. Jones matrix holography generalizes a wide body of past work with a consistent mathematical framework, particularly in the field of metasurfaces, and suggests previously unrealized devices, examples of which are demonstrated here. In particular, we demonstrate holograms whose far-fields implement parallel polarization analysis and custom waveplate-like behavior.
Holography has emerged as a vital approach to fully engineer the wavefronts of light since its invention dating back to the last century. However, the typically large pixel size, small field of view and limited space-bandwidth impose limitations in the on-demand high-performance applications, especially for three-dimensional displays and large-capacity data storage. Meanwhile, metasurfaces have shown great potential in controlling the propagation of light through the well-tailored scattering behavior of the constituent ultrathin planar elements with a high spatial resolution, making them suita…
Metasurfaces hold great potentials for advanced holographic display with extraordinary information capacity and pixel sizes in an ultrathin flat profile. Dual-polarization channel to encode two independent phase profiles or spatially multiplexed meta-holography by interleaved metasurfaces are captivated popular solutions to projecting multiplexed and vectorial images. However, the intrinsic limit of orthogonal polarization-channels, their crosstalk due to coupling between meta-atoms, and interleaving-induced degradation of efficiency and reconstructed image quality set great barriers for sophi…
Metasurface-generated holography has emerged as a promising route for fully reproducing vivid scenes by manipulating the optical properties of light using ultra-compact devices. However, achieving multiple holographic images using a single metasurface is still difficult due to the capacity limit of a single meta-atom. In this work, we present an inverse design method based on gradient-descent optimization to encode multiple pieces of holographic information into a single metasurface. The proposed method allows the inverse design of single-celled metasurfaces without the need for complex meta-a…
Metasurfaces, artificial 2D structures, have been widely used for the design of various functionalities in optics. Jones matrix, a 2*2 matrix with eight parameters, provides the most complete characterization of the metasurface structures in linear optics, and the number of free parameters (i.e., degrees of freedom, DOFs) in the Jones matrix determines the limit to what functionalities we can realize. Great efforts have been made to continuously expand the number of DOFs, and a maximal number of six has been achieved recently. However, the realization of 'holy grail' goal with eight DOFs (full…
Nonlinear metasurface holography shows the great potential of metasurfaces to control the phase, amplitude, and polarization of light while simultaneously converting the frequency of the light. The possibility of tailoring the scattering properties of a coherent beam, as well as the scattering properties of nonlinear signals originating from the meta-atoms facilitates a huge degree of freedom in beam shaping application. Recently, several approaches showed that virtual objects or any kind of optical information can be generated at a wavelength different from the laser input beam. Here, we demo…
Metasurface holography has the advantage of realizing complex wavefront modulation by thin layers together with the progressive technique of computer-generated holographic imaging. Despite the well-known light parameters, like amplitude, phase, polarization and frequency, the orbital angular momentum (OAM) of a beam can be regarded as another degree of freedom. Here, we propose and demonstrate orbital angular momentum multiplexing at different polarization channels using a birefringent metasurface for holographic encryption. The OAM selective holographic information can only be reconstructed w…
Nonlinear wavefront control is a crucial requirement in realizing nonlinear optical applications with metasurfaces. Numerous aspects of nonlinear frequency conversion and wavefront control have been demonstrated for plasmonic metasurfaces. However, several disadvantages limit their applicability in nonlinear nanophotonics, including high dissipative loss and low optical damage threshold. In contrast, it has been shown that metasurfaces made of high-index dielectrics can provide strong nonlinear responses. Regardless of the recent progress in nonlinear optical processes using all-dielectric nan…
Metasurface-based color display and holography have greatly advanced the state of the art display technologies. To further enrich the metasurface functionalities, recently a lot of research endeavors have been made to combine these two display functions within a single device. However, so far such metasurfaces have remained static and lack tunability once the devices are fabricated. In this work, we demonstrate a dynamic dual-function metasurface device at visible frequencies. It allows for switching between dynamic holography and dynamic color display, taking advantage of the reversible phase…
Channelling single-photon emission in multiple well-defined directions and simultaneously controlling its polarization characteristics is highly desirable for numerous quantum technology applications. We show that this can be achieved by using quantum emitters (QEs) nonradiatively coupled to surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs), which are scattered into outgoing free-propagating waves by appropriately designed metasurfaces. The QE-coupled metasurface design is based on the scattering holography approach with radially diverging SPPs as reference waves. Using holographic metasurfaces fabricated aro…
Secret sharing is a well-established cryptographic primitive for storing highly sensitive information like encryption keys for encoded data. It describes the problem of splitting a secret into different shares, without revealing any information about the secret to its shareholders. Here, we demonstrate an all-optical solution for secret sharing based on metasurface holography. In our concept, metasurface holograms are used as spatially separable shares that carry an encrypted message in form of a holographic image. Two of these shares can be recombined by bringing them close together. Light pa…
Metasurfaces enable manipulation of light propagation at an unprecedented level, benefitting from a number of merits unavailable to conventional optical elements, such as ultracompactness, precise phase and polarization control at deep subwavelength scale, and multifunctionalities. Recent progress in this field has witnessed a plethora of functional metasurfaces, ranging from lenses and vortex beam generation to holography. However, research endeavors have been mainly devoted to static devices, exploiting only a glimpse of opportunities that metasurfaces can offer. We demonstrate a dynamic met…
Reconstruction of light profiles with amplitude and phase information, called holography, is an attractive optical technique to display three-dimensional images. Due to essential requirements for an ideal hologram, subwavelength control of both amplitude and phase is crucial. Nevertheless, traditional holographic devices have suffered from their limited capabilities of incomplete modulation in both amplitude and phase of visible light. Here, we propose a novel metasurface that is capable of completely controlling both amplitude and phase profiles of visible light independently with subwaveleng…
Metasurface holography, the reconstruction of holographic images by modulating the spatial amplitude and phase of light using metasurfaces, has emerged as a next-generation display technology. However, conventional fabrication techniques used to realize metaholograms are limited by their small patterning areas, high manufacturing costs, and low throughput, which hinder their practical use. Herein, we demonstrate a high efficiency hologram using a one-step nanomanufacturing method with a titanium dioxide nanoparticle-embedded-resin, allowing for high-throughput and low-cost fabrication. At a si…
Hologram is an ideal method for naked eye three-dimensional (3D) display, and computer-generated holography (CGH) makes it possible to reconstruct virtual objects. However, the large pixel size of common CGH devices results in shortages in the applications of hologram, such as narrow field of view, twin images, multi-diffraction orders, et al. Meanwhile, metasurfaces consisted of subwavelength structures show great potential in controlling of light which is suitable for hologram design. There are many inspired works to achieve dynamic meta-hologram as we summary in this paper. And it can be co…
Metasurfaces possess the outstanding ability to tailor phase, amplitude and even spectral responses of light with an unprecedented ultrahigh resolution, thus have attracted significant interests. Here, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a novel meta-device that integrates color printing and computer-generated holograms within a single-layer dielectric metasurface by modulating spectral and spatial responses at subwavelength scale, simultaneously. In our design, such metasurface appears as a microscopic color image under white light illumination, while encrypting two different holographi…
Advanced Science Research Center, City University of New York（纽约城市大学高级科学研究中心）；Politecnico di Milano（米兰理工大学）；Stevens Institute of Technology（史蒂文斯理工学院）；University of Amsterdam（阿姆斯特丹大学）；Graduate Center, City University of New York（纽约城市大学研究生中心）
Stacked metasurfaces are being investigated in light of exploring exotic optical effects that cannot be achieved with single-layered metasurfaces. In this Letter, we theoretically demonstrate that stacks of metallic wire-grid metasurfaces possessing specific polarization properties have the ability to induce tunable Fano resonances. The developed original model - combining a circulating field approach together with an extended Jones formalism - reveals the underlying principle that gives rise to the polarization-induced Fano resonances. The theoretical frame is validated in an experimental pro…
Nonlinear Pancharatnam-Berry phase metasurfaces facilitate the nontrivial phase modulation for frequency conversion processes by leveraging photon-spin dependent nonlinear geometric-phases. However, plasmonic metasurfaces show some severe limitation for nonlinear frequency conversion due to the intrinsic high ohmic loss and low damage threshold of plasmonic nanostructures. Here, we systematically study the nonlinear geometric-phases associated with the third-harmonic generation process occurring in all-dielectric metasurfaces, which are composed of silicon nanofins with different in-plane rota…
Directional emission of photons with designed polarizations and orbital angular momenta is crucial for exploiting full potential of quantum emitters (QEs) within quantum information technologies. Capitalizing on the concept of hybrid plasmon-QE coupled metasurfaces, we develop a holography-based design approach allowing one to construct surface nanostructures for outcoupling QE-excited circularly diverging surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) into well-collimated beams of photons with desirable polarization characteristics propagating along given directions. Using the well-established simulation …
This paper deals with the design of tensorial modulated metasurfaces able to implement a general radiating aperture field distribution. A new aperture synthesis approach is introduced, based on local holography and variable impedance modulation. In particular, it is shown that tensorial metasurfaces can be used to generate general radiating distribution (phase and amplitude). In addition, a step by step algorithm is presented. In order to validate the method, several solutions are presented at 20 GHz which implement aperture distributions able to radiate different beams with general polarizati…
Polarisation holography generally demands polarisation-sensitive holograms for reconstructing either polarisation-multiplexed holographic images or polarisation-sensitive image channels. To date, polarisation holography is underpinned by the Jones matrix method that uses birefringent holograms, including ultrathin metasurface holograms, limiting the polarisation control to orthogonal polarisation states. Here I introduce a novel concept of vectorial wavefront holography by exploiting the wavefront shaping of a structured vector beam. I will show that a phase hologram can be used to tailor the …
Since its invention, holography has emerged as a powerful tool to fully reconstruct the wavefronts of light including all the fundamental properties (amplitude, phase, polarization, wave vector, and frequency). For exploring the full capability for information storage/display and enhancing the encryption security of metasurface holograms, smart multiplexing techniques together with suitable metasurface designs are highly demanded. Here, we integrate multiple polarization manipulation channels for various spatial phase profiles into a single birefringent vectorial hologram by completely avoidin…
Optical singularities play a major role in modern optics and are frequently deployed in structured light, super-resolution microscopy, and holography. While phase singularities are uniquely defined as locations of undefined phase, polarization singularities studied thus far are either partial, i.e., bright points of well-defined polarization, or unstable for small field perturbations. We demonstrate for the first time a complete, topologically protected polarization singularity; it is located in the 4D space spanned by the three spatial dimensions and the wavelength and is created in the focus…
Optical metasurfaces are perfect candidates for the phase and amplitude modulation of light, featuring an excellent basis for holographic applications. In this work, we present a dual amplitude holographic scheme based on the photon sieve principle, which is then combined with a phase hologram by utilizing the Pancharatnam-Berry phase. We demonstrate that two types of apertures, rectangular and square shapes in a gold film filled with silicon nanoantennas are sufficient to create two amplitude holograms at two different wavelengths in the visible, multiplexed with an additional phase-only holo…
