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arXiv 2012.14315astro-ph.EP
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用碳、氧、氮、硫示踪原行星盘中巨行星的形成历史

Tracing the formation history of giant planets in protoplanetary disks with Carbon, Oxygen, Nitrogen and Sulphur

Diego Turrini, Eugenio Schisano, Sergio Fonte, Sergio Molinari, Romolo Politi, Davide Fedele, Olja Panic, Mihkel Kama, Quentin Changeat, Giovanna Tinetti

摘要:

巨行星的组成是由它们的迁移历史和它们的宿主盘的组成结构所决定的。最近的文献研究了C和O的丰度如何限制从恒星形成的巨行星的形成路径。然而,新的ALMA观测表明,行星形成区域可能延伸到数百个Au。我们探索这些更广泛的形成环境的影响,通过n体模拟的生长和迁移的巨行星嵌入在星子盘,再加上组成模型的原行星盘的挥发物是继承的分子云和耐火材料校准对太阳系外和太阳系的数据。我们发现,C/O比提供了有限的洞察力的形成途径的巨行星进行大规模的迁移。由于氮和硫的存在,可以克服这种限制。联合使用C/N、N/O和C/O比打破了巨行星形成和迁移轨道中的任何简并性。由于O、C和N在盘中的相对挥发性,使用标准化为各自恒星比的元素比提供了关于巨行星性质的额外信息。当行星的金属丰度由固体的吸积决定时,C/N* $>$ C/O* $>$ N/O*(* 表示该标准化尺度),否则为N/O* $>$ C/O* $>$ C/N*。信噪比提供了一个额外的独立探测巨行星的金属丰度和它们的固体吸积。

英文摘要:

The composition of giant planets is imprinted by their migration history and the compositional structure of their hosting disks. Studies in recent literature investigate how the abundances of C and O can constrain the formation pathways of giant planets forming within few tens of au from the star. New ALMA observations, however, suggest planet-forming regions possibly extending to hundreds of au. We explore the implications of these wider formation environments through n-body simulations of growing and migrating giant planets embedded in planetesimal disks, coupled with a compositional model of the protoplanetary disk where volatiles are inherited from the molecular cloud and refractories are calibrated against extrasolar and Solar System data. We find that the C/O ratio provides limited insight on the formation pathways of giant planets that undergo large-scale migration. This limitation can be overcome thanks to nitrogen and sulphur. Jointly using the C/N, N/O and C/O ratios breaks any degeneracy in the formation and migration tracks of giant planets. The use of elemental ratios normalized to the respective stellar ratios supplies additional information on the nature of giant planets, thanks to the relative volatility of O, C and N in disks. When the planetary metallicity is dominated by the accretion of solids C/N* $>$ C/O* $>$ N/O* (* denoting this normalized scale), otherwise N/O* $>$ C/O* $>$ C/N*. The S/N ratio provides an additional independent probe into the metallicity of giant planets and their accretion of solids.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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