Plasmas have been recently studied as topological materials. However, a comprehensive picture of topological phases and topological phase transitions in cold magnetized plasmas is still missing. Here we systematically map out all the topological phases and establish the bulk-edge correspondence in cold magnetized plasmas. We find that for the linear eigenmodes, there are 10 topological phases in the parameter space of density $n$, magnetic field $B$, and parallel wavenumber $k_{z}$, separated by the surfaces of Langmuir wave-L wave resonance, Langmuir wave-cyclotron wave resonance, and zero magnetic field. For fixed $B$ and $k_{z}$, only the phase transition at the Langmuir wave-cyclotron wave resonance corresponds to edge modes. A sufficient and necessary condition for the existence of this type of edge modes is given and verified by numerical solutions. We demonstrate that edge modes exist not only on a plasma-vacuum interface but also on more general plasma-plasma interfaces. This finding broadens the possible applications of these exotic excitations in space and laboratory plasmas.
The resonant interaction between three waves in a uniform magnetized plasma is considered. Using the somewhat inaccessible result of the general theory we deduce the explicit expressions for the coupling coefficients of a cold magnetized two-component plasma.
The spectrum of electromagnetic waves propagating in a strongly coupled magnetized fully ionized hydrogen plasma is found. The ion motion and damping being neglected, the influence of the Coulomb coupling on the electromagnetic spectrum is analyzed.
A generalized hydrodynamical model has been used to study low frequency modes in a strongly coupled, cold, magnetized dusty plasma. Such plasmas exhibit elastic properties due to strong correlations among dust particles and the tensile stresses imparted by the magnetic field. It has been shown that longitudinal compressional Alfven modes and elasticity modified transverse shear mode exist in such a medium. The features of these collective modes are established and discussed.
In this paper, we obtain the dispersion relation for the lower-hybrid oscillations/waves in a cold magnetized electron-positron-ion (e-p-i) plasma. It is found that the frequency of the lower-hybrid oscillations in an e-p-i plasma is approximate $1/\sqrt{3}$ times the frequency of lower-hybrid oscillations in an electron-ion (e-i) plasma, provided the plasma density is high, and the equilibrium densities of the positron and the ion are balanced. The present work may have some relevance for laboratory/astrophysical e-p-i plasmas.
Topological Langmuir-Cyclotron Wave (TLCW) is a recently identified topological surface excitation in magnetized plasmas. We show that TLCW originates from the topological phase transition at the Langmuir wave-cyclotron wave resonance. By isofrequency surface analysis and 2D and 3D time-dependent simulations, we demonstrate that the TLCW can propagate robustly along complex phase transition interfaces in a unidirectional manner and without scattering. Because of these desirable features, the TLCW could be explored as an effective mechanism to drive current and flow in magnetized plasmas. The a…
The energy loss by a test gyratory particle in a cold plasma in the presence of homogeneous magnetic field is considered. Analytical and numerical results for the rate of energy loss are presented. This is done for strong and weak fields (i. e., when the electron cyclotron frequency is either higher, or smaller than the plasma frequency), and in case, when the test particle velocity is greater than the electron thermal velocity. It is shown that the rate of energy loss may be much higher than in the case of motion through plasma in the absence of magnetic field.
Large amplitude waves in magnetized plasmas, generated either by external pumps or internal instabilities, can scatter via three-waves interactions. While three-wave scatterings in either forward or backward geometry are well-known, what happens when waves propagate at angles with one another in magnetized plasmas remains largely unknown, mainly due to the analytical difficulty of this problem. In this paper, we overcome this analytical difficulty and find a convenient formula for three-wave coupling coefficients in cold, uniform, magnetized plasmas in the most general geometry. This is achiev…
A scheme to generate magnetized relativistic plasmas in laboratory is proposed. It is based on interaction of ultra-high-intensity sub-picosecond laser pulses with few-micron thick foils or films. By means of Particle-In-Cell simulations it is shown that energetic electrons produced by the laser and evacuated at the rear of the target trigger an expansion of the target and builds up a strong azimuthal magnetic field. It is shown that in the expanding plasma sheath a ratio of the magnetic pressure and the electron rest-mass energy density exceeds unity whereas a the plasma pressure is lower tha…
We have studied the behavior of a VLF, ELF and combined ELF/VLF antenna immersed in a cold, magnetized plasma using a fully kinetic, three dimensional Particle-in-Cell simulation code called Large Scale Plasma (LSP). All the antennas are modeled as magnetic dipoles ($ρ_{ant}=0$) and are assigned a time varying current density within a finite sized current loop. The VLF antenna is driven at 10 Amps with a frequency ($ω_{VLF}$) greater than the lower hybrid frequency ($ω_{LH}$), while the ELF antenna is driven at 3 Amps with a frequency ($ω_{ELF}$) less than $ω_{LH}$. The combined ELF/VLF antenn…
We study the spatio-temporal evolution of the nonlinear electrostatic oscillations in a cold magnetized electron-positron (e-p) plasma using both analytics and simulations. Using a perturbative method we demonstrate that the nonlinear solutions change significantly when a pure electrostatic mode is excited at the linear level instead of a mixed upper-hybrid and zero-frequency mode that is considered in a recent study. The pure electrostatic oscillations undergo phase mixing nonlinearly. However, the presence of the magnetic field significantly delays the phase-mixing compared to that observed …
We analyze the electromagnetic field of a small bunch that uniformly moves in a circular waveguide and transverses a boundary between an area filled up with cold magnetized electron plasma and a vacuum area. The magnetic field is supposed to be strong but finite so the perturbation technique can be applied. Two cases are studied in detail: the bunch is flying out of the plasma into a vacuum, and, inversely, the bunch is flying into the plasma out of the vacuum area of waveguide. The investigation of the waveguide mode components is performed analytically with methods of the complex variable fu…
Progress in the theory of anomalous diffusion in weakly turbulent cold magnetized plasmas is explained. Several proposed models advanced in the literature are discussed. Emphasis is put on a new proposed mechanism for anomalous diffusion transport mechanism based on the coupled action of conductive walls (excluding electrodes) bounding the plasma drain current (edge diffusion) together with the magnetic field flux "cutting" the area traced by the charged particles in their orbital motion. The same reasoning is shown to apply to the plasma core anomalous diffusion. The proposed mechanism is exp…
A new version of the invariant imbedding theory for the propagation of coupled waves in inhomogeneous media is applied to the mode conversion of high frequency electromagnetic waves into electrostatic modes in cold, magnetized and stratified plasmas. The cases where the external magnetic field is applied perpendicularly to the direction of inhomogeneity and the electron density profile is linear are considered. Extensive and numerically exact results for the mode conversion coefficients, the reflectances and the wave electric and magnetic field profiles inside the inhomogeneous plasma are obta…
In this paper a reduced set of the partial differential wave equations valid in the conversion layer close to O-mode cutoff surface and accounting for the magnetic field 2D inhomogeneity with no restriction to an angle between the toroidal direction and the magnetic field direction is derived. An integral representation of a solution to the derived set of equation is given. For the particular case of small angle between O mode cut-off surface and X mode cut-off surface an explicit expressions for both the electric field components and the conversion coefficients are obtained and its properties…
In this work we introduce, for the first time, as far as we know, a complete self-consist kinetic model for collisional transport in the nonextensive statistics, i.e., the generalization of the ordinary Maxwell-Boltmzann statistics according to the Tsallis entropy. Starting only from the definition of this entropy, we derive the kinetic model, find its solutions for the electrons in a strongly magnetized plasmas, and calculate the respective transport coefficients in order to set the closed fluid equations. The results are further applied to model heat transport in space plasmas and the cold p…
Here we develop a general theory of mode transformation (diffraction) at the flat transverse boundary between cold magnetized electron plasma and isotropic vacuum-like medium inside a circular waveguide. The obtained results can be also directly applied to the narrow-band Cherenkov radiation generated in plasma (or in isotropic medium) by a moving charged particle bunch.
Magnetized high-energy-density plasmas can often have strong electromagnetic fluctuations whose correlation scale is smaller than the electron Larmor radius. Radiation from the electrons in such plasmas, which markedly differs from both synchrotron and cyclotron radiation, and their energy and pitch-angle diffusion are tightly related. In this paper, we present a comprehensive theoretical and numerical study of the particles' transport in both cold, "small-scale" Langmuir and Whistler-mode turbulence and its relation to the spectra of radiation simultaneously produced by these particles. We em…
The properties of obliquely propagating dissipative electron-acoustic solitary waves (OPdEASWs) have been investigated in a magnetized collisional superthermal plasma consisting of inertial cold electrons, inertialess hot electrons featuring kappa-distribution and static ions via the fluid dynamical approach. By using the reductive perturbation technique, a nonlinear Schamel equation that governs the nonlinear features of OPdEASWS is obtained. The solitary wave solution of the Schamel equation is used to examine the basic features of small, but finite amplitude OPdEASWs in such a magnetized co…
Propagation and scattering of lasers present new phenomena and applications when the plasma medium becomes strongly magnetized. With mega-Gauss magnetic fields, scattering of optical lasers already becomes manifestly anisotropic. Special angles exist where coherent laser scattering is either enhanced or suppressed, as we demonstrate using a cold-fluid model. Consequently, by aiming laser beams at special angles, one may be able to optimize laser-plasma coupling in magnetized implosion experiments. In addition, magnetized scattering can be exploited to improve the performance of plasma-based la…
We consider a plasma described by means of a two-dimensional fluid model across a constant but non-uniform magnetic field $\mathbf{B} = B(x,y) \mathbf{\hat{z}}$. The dynamical evolution of the density and the vorticity takes into account the interchange instability and magnetic field inhomogeneities. First, in order to described the Finite Larmor Radius effects we apply the gyromap to build a Hamiltonian model with ion temperature from a cold-ion model. Second, we show that the gyromap is justified using Braginskii's closure for the stress tensor as well as an apt ordering on the fluctuating q…
We have used the Sagdeev pseudo-potential technique to investigate the arbitrary amplitude ion acoustic solitons, double layers and supersolitons in a collisionless magnetized plasma consisting of adiabatic warm ions, isothermal cold electrons and nonthermal hot electrons immersed in an external uniform static magnetic field. We have used the phase portraits of the dynamical system describing the nonlinear behaviour of ion acoustic waves to confirm the existence of different solitary structures. We have also investigated the transition of different solitary structures: soliton (before the form…
The filamentation instability occurring when a non relativistic electron beam passes through a quantum magnetized plasma is investigated by means of a cold quantum magnetohydrodynamic model. It is proved that the instability can be completely suppressed by quantum effects if and only if a finite magnetic field is present. A dimensionless parameter is identified which measures the strength of quantum effects. Strong quantum effects allow for a much smaller magnetic field to suppress the instability than in the classical regime.
The linear and nonlinear properties of large amplitude electron-acoustic waves are investigated in a magnetized plasma comprising two distinct electron populations (hot and cold) and immobile ions. The hot electrons are assumed to be in a non-Maxwellian state, characterized by an excess of superthermal particles, here modelled by a kappa-type long-tailed distribution function. Waves are assumed to propagate obliquely to the ambient magnetic field. Two types of electrostatic modes are shown to exist in the linear regime, and their properties are briefly analyzed. A nonlinear pseudopotential typ…
A theoretical investigation is carried out to understand the basic features of nonlinear propagation of heavy ion-acoustic (HIA) waves subjected to an external magnetic field in an electron-positron-ion (EPI) plasma which consists of cold magnetized positively charged heavy ion fluids, and superthermal distributed electrons and positrons. In the nonlinear regime, the Korteweg-de Vries (K-dV) and modified K-dV(MK-dV) equations describing the propagation of HIA waves are derived. The latter admits a solitary wave solution with both positive and negative potentials (for K-dV equation) and only po…
A relativistic quantum field theory with nontrivial background fields is developed and applied to study waves in plasmas. The effective action of the electromagnetic 4-potential is calculated ab initio from the standard action of scalar QED using path integrals. The resultant effective action is gauge invariant and contains nonlocal interactions, from which gauge bosons acquire masses without breaking the local gauge symmetry. To demonstrate how the general theory can be applied, we study a cold unmagnetized plasma and a cold uniformly magnetized plasma. Using these two examples, we show that …
In this work linear stability analysis of a magnetized dusty plasma with an anisotropic dust component having transversal motions much stronger than motions parallel to the external magnetic field, and isotropic light plasma components is described. Such a situation presumably establishes in a shock compressed space dusty plasma downstream the shock front. Oblique low-frequency magneto-hydrodynamic waves ($ω\ll ω_{cd}$, $ω_{cd}$ being the dust cyclotron frequency) are shown to be undergone to the mirror instability. Consequences for nonthermal dust destruction behind shock fronts in the inters…
The scattering and transformation of the waves propagating in magnetized plasma on a heavy stationary charged particle located at a plane plasma-vacuum boundary is considered. The scattering (transformation) occurs due to the nonlinear coupling of the incident wave with the polarization (shielding) cloud surrounding the particle. It is shown that the problem is reduced to the determination of the nonlinear (three index) dielectric tensor of magnetized plasma. The angular distribution and the cross section for scattering (transformation) of high-frequency ordinary and extraordinary waves and lo…
We are considering a dipole antenna immersed in cold plasma and investigate its radiation patterns. We are solving Maxwell's equations using (1) analytic solutions for the case when the antenna is parallel to the magnetic field $B_0$ and (2) numerical solutions for any orientation and angle $θ$ of the antenna. We investigate various phase velocities regimes as well as the effect of varying the frequency and the plasma parameters on the electromagnetic waves are presented and discussed.
Starting from the Vlasov-Maxwell equations describing the dynamics of various species in a quasi-neutral plasma immersed in an external solenoidal magnetic field and utilizing a technique known as the hydrodynamic substitution, a relativistic hydrodynamic system of equations governing the dynamics of various species has been obtained. Based on the method of multiple scales, a system comprising three nonlinear Schrodinger equation for the transverse envelopes of the three basic whistler modes, has been derived. Using the method of formal series of Dubois-Violette, a traveling wave solution of t…
We report on 3D-3V particle-in-cell simulations of fast-ion energy-loss rates in cold, weakly-magnetized, weakly-coupled plasma where the electron gyroradius, $ρ_{e}$, is comparable to or less than the Debye length, $λ_{De}$, and the fast-ion velocity exceeds the electron thermal velocity, a regime in which the electron response may be impeded. These simulations use explicit algorithms, spatially resolve $ρ_{e}$ and $λ_{De}$, and temporally resolve the electron cyclotron and plasma frequencies. For mono-energetic dilute fast ions with isotropic velocity distributions, these scaling studies of …
Magnetized plasmas are well known to exhibit a rich spectrum of collective modes. Here, we focus on the density modes in dense or cold plasmas, where strong coupling effects alter the mode spectrum known from traditional weakly coupled plasmas. In particular, we study the dynamic structure factor (DSF) of the magnetized one-component plasma with molecular dynamics simulations. Extending our previous results [H.~Kählert and M.~Bonitz, Phys. Rev. Research \textbf{2022}, 4, 013197], it is shown that Bernstein modes can be observed in the weakly magnetized regime, where they are found below the up…
The effect of short wavelength quantum electrodynamic (QED) correction on plasma-wave propagation is investigated. The effect on plasma oscillations and on electromagnetic waves in an unmagnetized as well as a magnetized plasma is investigated. The effects of the short wavelength QED corrections are most significant for plasma oscillations and for extraordinary modes. In particular, the QED correction allow plasma oscillations to propagate, and the extra-ordinary mode looses its stop band. The significance of our results is discussed.
The instabilities triggered when two counter-streaming pair beams collide are analyzed. A guiding magnetic field is accounting for, while both beams are considered identical and cold. The instability analysis is conducted over the full \textbf{k}-spectrum, allowing to derive the hierarchy map of the dominant unstable modes, in terms of the initial beams energy $γ_0$ and a magnetic field strength parameter $Ω_B$. Four different regions of the $(Ω_B,γ_0)$ phase space are identified, each one governed by a different kind of mode. The analysis also unravels the existence of a "triple point", where…
The excitation of wake waves by a relativistic homogeneous electron bunch passing through cold magnetized plasma at equilibrium is studied for arbitrary values of the ratio of bunch density to plasma density. The analysis is based on the assumption that the magnetic field is sufficiently strong ($ω_B\gg ω_p$, where $ω_p$ and $ω_B$ are the electron plasma and cyclotron frequences respectively). The periodic and nonperiodic solutions for the momentum of plasma electrons inside and outside the bunch are analyzed. It was shown that the presence of strong external magnetic field may increase the am…
We present a \emph{Mathematica} notebook allowing for the symbolic calculation of the $3\times3$ dielectric tensor of a electron-beam plasma system in the fluid approximation. Calculation is detailed for a cold relativistic electron beam entering a cold magnetized plasma, and for arbitrarily oriented wave vectors. We show how one can elaborate on this example to account for temperatures, arbitrarily oriented magnetic field or a different kind of plasma.
We have studied the modulation instability of obliquely propagating ion acoustic waves in a collisionless magnetized warm plasma consisting of warm adiabatic ions and two different species of electrons at different temperatures. We have derived a nonlinear Schr{ö}dinger equation using the standard reductive perturbation method to describe the nonlinear amplitude modulation of ion acoustic wave satisfying the dispersion relation of ion acoustic wave propagating at an arbitrary angle to the direction of the external uniform static magnetic field. We have investigated the correspondence between t…
Buneman instability is often driven in magnetic reconnection. Understanding how velocity shear in the beams driving the Buneman instability affects the growth and saturation of waves is relevant to turbulence, heating, and diffusion in magnetic reconnection. Using a Mathieu-equation analysis for weak cosine velocity shear together with Vlasov simulations, the effects of shear on the kinetic Buneman instability are studied in a plasma consisting of strongly magnetized electrons and cold unmagnetized ions. In the linearly unstable phase, shear enhances the coupling between oblique waves and the …
We show that topological waves at the interface between two magnetic domains in a graphene device are possible. First, we consider the case of a linear relation between the applied gate voltage and local density in the channel and, secondly, we investigate the effect of non-local Coulomb interactions. We obtain two distinct edge modes for each interaction type: a Yanai mode with rotational flow and dispersion relation that extends to infinite wave-number, and a Kelvin mode with purely longitudinal flow and bound dispersion relation. The scattering matrix concept is applied to verify the infini…
The hierarchy of unstable modes when two counter-streaming pair plasmas interact over a flow-aligned magnetic field has been recently investigated [PoP \textbf{23}, 062122 (2016)]. The analysis is here extended to the case of an arbitrarily tilted magnetic field. The two plasma shells are initially cold and identical. For any angle $θ\in [0,π/2]$ between the field and the initial flow, the hierarchy of unstable modes is numerically determined in terms of the initial Lorentz factor of the shells $γ_0$, and the field strength as measured by a parameter denoted $σ$. For $θ=0$, four different kind…
We derive a number of solution for one-dimensional dynamics of relativistic magnetized plasma that can be used as benchmark estimates in relativistic hydrodynamic and magnetohydrodynamic numerical codes. First, we analyze the properties of simple waves of fast modes propagating orthogonally to the magnetic field in relativistically hot plasma. The magnetic and kinetic pressures obey different equations of state, so that the system behaves as a mixture of gases with different polytropic indices. We find the self-similar solutions for the expansion of hot strongly magnetized plasma into vacuum. …
We determine the growth rate of linear instabilities resulting from long-wavelength transverse perturbations applied to periodic nonlinear wave solutions to the Schamel-Korteweg-de Vries-Zakharov-Kuznetsov (SKdVZK) equation which governs weakly nonlinear waves in a strongly magnetized cold-ion plasma whose electron distribution is given by two Maxwellians at slightly different temperatures. To obtain the growth rate it is necessary to evaluate non-trivial integrals whose number is kept to minimum by using recursion relations. It is shown that a key instance of one such relation cannot be used …
