纤毛地毯中的同步：多个异时波是稳定的，但一个波占主导地位
Synchronization in cilia carpets: multiple metachronal waves are stable, but one wave dominates
摘要：
主动弯曲纤毛的地毯代表生物振荡器的阵列，其可以以纤毛相位的行波的形式表现出自组织的异时同步。这种异时协调据说增强纤毛地毯的流体运输。使用多尺度模型校准的实验纤毛拍模式，我们预测波模式的多稳定性。然而，一个单一的模式，对应于一个dexioplectic波，具有主导的吸引盆。与“动态”Mermin-Wagner定理类似，松弛时间随着系统大小而发散，这排除了无限系统中的全局秩序。在有限系统中，我们使用广义Kuramoto序参量，将同步跃迁描述为频率无序猝灭的函数。我们的框架称为主动系统的拉格朗日力学允许预测的方向和稳定性的异时同步给定的节拍模式。
英文摘要：
Carpets of actively bending cilia represent arrays of biological oscillators that can exhibit self-organized metachronal synchronization in the form of traveling waves of cilia phase. This metachronal coordination supposedly enhances fluid transport by cilia carpets. Using a multi-scale model calibrated by an experimental cilia beat pattern, we predict multi-stability of wave modes. Yet, a single mode, corresponding to a dexioplectic wave, has predominant basin-of-attraction. Similar to a "dynamic" Mermin-Wagner theorem, relaxation times diverge with system size, which rules out global order in infinite systems. In finite systems, we characterize the synchronization transition as function of quenched frequency disorder, using generalized Kuramoto order parameters. Our framework termed Lagrangian Mechanics of Active Systems allows to predict the direction and stability of metachronal synchronization for given beat patterns.
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