多纤毛微型游泳者——异时协调与螺旋游动
Multi-Ciliated Microswimmers -- Metachronal Coordination and Helical Swimming
AI总结：
本文通过介观流体动力学模拟研究了多纤毛微型游泳者的运动，发现异时拍动的手性产生螺旋轨迹，游泳速度随纤毛数量呈亚线性增长，且纤毛显著增大了流体动力学半径。
摘要：
本文通过介观流体动力学模拟，研究了具有球形身体和少量N（5 < N < 60）根纤毛（长度与身体半径相当）的多纤毛微型游泳者的动力学与运动。纤毛拍动被施加了异时波，其波矢同时包含纵向和纬向分量。其动力学和运动通过游泳速度、其在拍动周期内的变化、绕主体轴的自旋速度以及螺旋轨迹的参数来表征。模拟结果表明，微型游泳者的运动强烈依赖于纬向波数和纵向相位滞后。研究发现，微型游泳者游动平稳，通常绕自身轴自旋。异时拍动模式的手性通常会产生螺旋轨迹。在大多数情况下，螺旋细长且拉伸，即螺旋半径比螺距小约一个数量级。微型游泳者的旋转扩散显著小于仅身体的被动旋转扩散，这表明延伸的纤毛对流体动力学半径有强烈贡献。游泳速度vswim随纤毛数量N的增加呈略低于线性的幂律增长，这与平面纤毛阵列的传输速度对纤毛间距的依赖关系所预期的行为一致。
英文摘要：
The dynamics and motion of multi-ciliated microswimmers with a spherical body and a small number N (with 5 < N < 60) of cilia with length comparable to the body radius, is investigated by mesoscale hydrodynamics simulations. A metachronal wave is imposed for the cilia beat, for which the wave vector has both a longitudinal and a latitudinal component. The dynamics and motion is characterized by the swimming velocity, its variation over the beat cycle, the spinning velocity around the main body axis, as well as the parameters of the helical trajectory. Our simulation results show that the microswimmer motion strongly depends on the latitudinal wave number and the longitudinal phase lag. The microswimmers are found to swim smoothly and usually spin around their own axis. Chirality of the metachronal beat pattern generically generates helical trajectories. In most cases, the helices are thin and stretched, i.e. the helix radius is about an order of magnitude smaller than the pitch. The rotational diffusion of the microswimmer is significantly smaller than the passive rotational diffusion of the body alone, which indicates that the extended cilia contribute strongly to the hydrodynamic radius. The swimming velocity vswim is found to increase with the cilia number N with a slightly sublinear power law, consistent with the behavior expected from the dependence of the transport velocity of planar cilia arrays on the cilia separation.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
