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arXiv 2012.06057cs.CYcs.AI
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理解人工智能对社会影响的跨学科方法

Interdisciplinary Approaches to Understanding Artificial Intelligence's Impact on Society

University of Utah(犹他大学);Arizona State University(亚利桑那州立大学);Cornell University(康奈尔大学);University of New Mexico(新墨西哥大学)

Suresh Venkatasubramanian, Nadya Bliss, Helen Nissenbaum, Melanie Moses

摘要:

人工智能的创新主要集中在“什么”和“如何”的问题上-例如,在网络搜索中寻找模式的算法-没有充分关注可能的危害(如隐私,偏见或操纵),也没有充分考虑这些系统运行的社会背景。在某种程度上,这是由科技行业的激励和力量推动的,在科技行业,更多的产品驱动的关注往往会淹没对潜在危害和错误陈述的更广泛的反思性担忧。但这种对什么和如何的关注在很大程度上反映了计算机科学中以工程和数学为中心的培训,它强调工具的构建和计算概念的发展。由于这种紧密的技术关注,以及其在全球范围内的快速爆炸式使用,人工智能带来了一系列意想不到的社会技术问题,包括以种族或性别偏见方式行事的算法,陷入使不平等永久化的反馈循环,或者实现前所未有的行为监控,挑战自由民主社会的基本价值观。鉴于人工智能不再仅仅是技术专家的领域,而是整个社会的领域,我们需要将计算机科学与研究社会和社会价值观的学科更紧密地结合起来。

英文摘要:

Innovations in AI have focused primarily on the questions of "what" and "how"-algorithms for finding patterns in web searches, for instance-without adequate attention to the possible harms (such as privacy, bias, or manipulation) and without adequate consideration of the societal context in which these systems operate. In part, this is driven by incentives and forces in the tech industry, where a more product-driven focus tends to drown out broader reflective concerns about potential harms and misframings. But this focus on what and how is largely a reflection of the engineering and mathematics-focused training in computer science, which emphasizes the building of tools and development of computational concepts. As a result of this tight technical focus, and the rapid, worldwide explosion in its use, AI has come with a storm of unanticipated socio-technical problems, ranging from algorithms that act in racially or gender-biased ways, get caught in feedback loops that perpetuate inequalities, or enable unprecedented behavioral monitoring surveillance that challenges the fundamental values of free, democratic societies. Given that AI is no longer solely the domain of technologists but rather of society as a whole, we need tighter coupling of computer science and those disciplines that study society and societal values.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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