Artificial Intelligence may revolutionize everything during the so-called fourth industrial revolution, which carries several emerging technologies and could progress without precedents in human history due to its speed and scope. Government, academia, industry, and civil society show interest in understanding the multidimensional impact of the emerging industrial revolution; however, its development is hard to predict. Experts consider emerging technologies could bring tremendous benefits to humanity; at the same time, they could pose an existential risk. This paper reviews the development and trends in AI, as well as the benefits, risks, and strategies in the field. During the course of the emerging industrial revolution, the common good may be achieved in a collaborative environment of shared interests and the hardest work will be the implementation and monitoring of projects at a global scale.
Industry is part of an economy that produces highly mechanized and automated material goods. Since the beginning of industrialization, there have been several stages and paradigm shifts that today are ex-post-so-called industrial revolutions: in the field of mechanization (called the 1st industrial revolution), the intensive use of electrical energy (called the 2nd industrial revolution) and widespread digitization (called the 3rd industrial revolution). In this sense, for this future expectation, the term (Industry 4.0) was established for a 4th industrial revolution. Developments especially …
The Fourth (4th) Industrial Revolution represents the profound advancement of technology that will likely transform the boundaries between the digital and physical worlds in modern society. The impact of advance technology will disrupt almost every aspect of business and government communities alike. In the past few years, the advancement of information technologies has opened the door to artificial intelligence (AI), block chain technologies, robotics, virtual reality and the possibility of quantum computing being released in the commercial sector. The use of these innovative technologies wil…
Higher education in the fourth industrial revolution, HE 4.0, is a complex, dialectical and exciting opportunity which can potentially transform society for the better. The fourth industrial revolution is powered by artificial intelligence and it will transform the workplace from tasks based characteristics to the human centred characteristics. Because of the convergence of man and machine, it will reduce the subject distance between humanities and social science as well as science and technology. This will necessarily require much more interdisciplinary teaching, research and innovation. This…
The technology landscape is richer and more promising than ever before. In many ways, cloud computing, big data, virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), blockchain, additive manufacturing, artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6), cyber-physical systems and the Internet of Things (IoT) all represent new frontiers. These technologies can help improve product and service quality, and organizational performance. In many regions, the internet is now as ubiquitous as electricity. Components are relatively cheap. A robust ecosystem of open-source …
Open University of Cyprus（塞浦路斯开放大学）；CYENS Center of Excellence（CYENS 卓越中心）
This chapter discusses AI from the prism of an automated process for the organization of data, and exemplifies the role that explainability has to play in moving from the current generation of AI systems to the next one, where the role of humans is lifted from that of data annotators working for the AI systems to that of collaborators working with the AI systems.
A major shift from skilled to unskilled workers was one of the many changes caused by the Industrial Revolution, when the switch to machines contributed to decline in the social and economic status of artisans, whose skills were dismembered into discrete actions by factory-line workers. We consider what may be an analogous computing technology: the recent introduction of AI-generated art software. AI art generators such as Dall-E and Midjourney can create fully rendered images based solely on a user's prompt, just at the click of a button. Some artists fear if the cheaper price and conveyor-be…
It is widely recognised that collaboration can help fast-track the development of countries in Africa. Leveraging on the fourth industrial revolution, Africa can achieve accelerated development in health care services, educational systems and socio-economic infrastructures. While a number of conceptual frameworks have been proposed for the African continent, many have discounted the Cloud infrastructure used for data storage and processing, as well as the underlying network infrastructure upon which such frameworks would be built. This work therefore presents a continental network model for in…
Inefficient healthcare is a major concern among many African nations and can be mitigated by building world-class infrastructure connecting different medical facilities for collaboration and resource sharing. Such infrastructure should support collection and exchange of medical data for the purpose of accessing expertise not available locally. It should be equipped with modern technologies of the fourth industrial revolution, providing decision support to doctors thereby enabling African nations leapfrog from poorly equipped to medically prepared. Sadly, world-class healthcare infrastructure a…
Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa（里斯本大学高级技术学院）；University of Pittsburgh（匹兹堡大学）；Massachusetts Institute of Technology（麻省理工学院）；Stanford University（斯坦福大学）；CEiiA
The fourth industrial revolution (4IR) is likely to have a substantial impact on the economy. Companies need to build up capabilities to implement new technologies, and automation may make some occupations obsolete. However, where, when, and how the change will happen remain to be determined. Robust empirical indicators of technological progress linked to occupations can help to illuminate this change. With this aim, we provide such an indicator based on patent data. Using natural language processing, we calculate patent exposure scores for more than 900 occupations, which represent the techno…
Center for Innovation, Technology and Policy Research (IN+), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa（里斯本大学高等技术学院创新、技术与政策研究中心）；CEiiA（CEiiA 工程与产品开发中心）
The fourth industrial revolution is rapidly changing the manufacturing landscape. Due to the growing research and fast evolution in this field, no clear definitions of these concepts yet exist. This work provides a clear description of technological trends and gaps. We introduce a novel method to create a map of Industry 4.0 technologies, using natural language processing to extract technology terms from 14,667 research articles and applying network analysis. We identified eight clusters of Industry 4.0 technologies, which served as the basis for our analysis. Our results show that Industrial …
The fourth industrial revolution (4IR) is a revolution many authors believe have come to stay. It is a revolution that has been fast blurring the line between physical, digital and biological technologies. These disruptive technologies largely rely on high-speed internet connectivity, Cloud technologies, Augmented Reality, Additive Manufacturing, Data science and Artificial Intelligence. Most developed economies have embraced the it while the developing economies are struggling to adopt 4IR because they lack the requisite skills, knowledge and technology. Thus, this study investigates Nigeria …
Digital engineering transformation is a crucial process for the engineering paradigm shifts in the fourth industrial revolution (4IR), and artificial intelligence (AI) is a critical enabling technology in digital engineering transformation. This article discusses the following research questions: What are the fundamental changes in the 4IR? More specifically, what are the fundamental changes in engineering? What is digital engineering? What are the main uncertainties there? What is trustworthy AI? Why is it important today? What are emerging engineering paradigm shifts in the 4IR? What is the …
An upcoming industrial IoT revolution, supposedly led by the introduction of embedded sensing and computing, seamless communication and massive data analytics within industrial processes [1], seems unquestionable today. Multiple technologies are being developed, and huge marketing efforts are being made to position solutions in this industrial landscape. However, we have observed that industrial wireless technologies are hardly being adopted by the manufacturing industry. In this article, we try to understand the reasons behind this current lack of wireless technologies adoption by means of co…
