We establish global-in-time existence results for thermodynamically consistent reaction-(cross-)diffusion systems coupled to an equation describing heat transfer. Our main interest is to model species-dependent diffusivities, while at the same time ensuring thermodynamic consistency. A key difficulty of the non-isothermal case lies in the intrinsic presence of cross-diffusion type phenomena like the Soret and the Dufour effect: due to the temperature/energy dependence of the thermodynamic equilibria, a nonvanishing temperature gradient may drive a concentration flux even in a situation with constant concentrations; likewise, a nonvanishing concentration gradient may drive a heat flux even in a case of spatially constant temperature. We use time discretisation and regularisation techniques and derive a priori estimates based on a suitable entropy and the associated entropy production. Renormalised solutions are used in cases where non-integrable diffusion fluxes or reaction terms appear.
In this paper, we present an approach to characterising fast-reaction limits of systems with nonlinear diffusion, when there are either two reaction-diffusion equations, or one reaction-diffusion equation and one ordinary differential equation, on unbounded domains. Here, we replace the terms of the form uxx in usual reaction-diffusion equation, which represent linear diffusion, by terms of form phi(u)xx, representing nonlinear diffusion. We prove the convergence as k tends to infinity to a limit that is determined by the unique solution of a certain scalar nonlinear diffusion limit problem.
A spatio-temporal evolution of chemicals appearing in a reversible enzyme reaction and modelled by a four component reaction-diffusion system with the reaction terms obtained by the law of mass action is considered. The large time behaviour of the system is studied by means of entropy methods.
In this work we study global well-posedness and large time behaviour for a typical reaction--diffusion system, which include degenerate diffusion, and whose non-linearities arise from chemical reactions. We show that there is an {\it indirect diffusion effect}, i.e. an effective diffusion for the non-diffusive species which is incurred by a combination of diffusion from diffusive species and reversible reactions between the species. Deriving new estimates for such degenerate reaction-diffusion system, we show, by applying the entropy method, that the solution converges exponentially to equilib…
This paper is concerned with the local and global existence of solutions for a generalized $m$-component reaction--diffusion system with a tridiagonal $2$--Toeplitz diffusion matrix and polynomial growth. We derive the eigenvalues and eigenvectors and determine the parabolicity conditions in order to diagonalize the proposed system. We, then,determine the invariant regions and utilize a Lyapunov functional to establish the global existence of solutions for the proposed system. A numerical example is used to illustrate and confirm the findings of the study.
Singular limit problems of reaction-diffusion systems have been studied in cases where the effects of the reaction terms are very large compared with those of the other terms. Such problems appear in literature in various fields such as chemistry, ecology, biology, geology and approximation theory. In this paper, we deal with the singular limit of a general reaction-diffusion system including many problems in the literature. We formulate the problem, derive the limit equation and establish a rigorous mathematical theory.
In this paper we study the local instability to the boundary equilibria and the local stability to the positive equilibria for some chemical reaction-diffusion systems. We first analyze a three-species system with boundary equilibria in some stoichiometric classes. Then We prove the convergence to the positive equilibria for a general reversible reaction-diffusion network as long as the initial data is closed enough to the the positive equilibria.
We prove existence and uniqueness of travelling waves for a reaction-diffusion system coupling a classical reaction-diffusion equation in a strip with a diffusion equation on a line. To do this we use a continuation method which leads to further insight into the system. In particular, the transition occurs through a singular perturbation which seems new in this context, connecting the system with a Wentzell type boundary value problem.
We study in this paper the periodic homogenization problem related to a strongly nonlinear reaction-diffusion equation. Owing to the large reaction term, the homogenized equation has a rather quite different form which puts together both the reaction and convection effects. We show in a special case that, the homogenized equation is exactly of a convection-diffusion type. The study relies on a suitable version of the well-known two-scale convergence method.
We study quasilinear reaction diffusion systems relative to the Shigesada-Kawasaki-Teramoto model. Nonlinearity standing for the external force is provided with mass dissipation. Estimate in several norms of the solution is provided under the restriction of diffusion coefficients, growth rate of reaction, and space dimension.
In this paper we consider a multidimensional semilinear reaction-diffusion equation and we obtain at any arbitrary time an approximate controllability result between nonnegative states using as control term the reaction coefficient, that is via multiplicative controls.
The aim of this paper is to construct invariant regions of a generalized m-component reaction-diffusion system with a tri-diagonal Toeplitz matrix of diffusion coefficients and prove the global existence of solutions using Lyapunov functional. The paper assumes nonhomogeneous boundary conditions and polynomial growth for the non-linear reaction term.
We consider some cross diffusion systems which is inspired by models in mathematical biology/ecology, in particular the Shigesada-Kawasaki-Teramoto (SKT) model in population biology. We establish the global existence of strong solutions to systems for multiple species having equal either diffusion or reaction rates. The systems are given on bounded domains of arbitrary dimension.
The purpose of this paper is the construction of invariant regions in which we establish the global existence of solutions for m-component reaction-diffusion systems with a tridiagonal symmetric toeplitz matrix of diffusion coefficients and with nonhomogeneous boundary conditions. The proposed technique is based on invariant regions and Lyapunov functional methods. The nonlinear reaction term has been supposed to be of polynomial growth.
We consider a reaction-diffusion system which may serve as a model for a ferment catalytic reaction in chemistry. The model consists of a system of reaction diffusion equations with unbounded time dependent coefficients and different polynomial reaction terms. An exponential decay of the globally bounded solutions is proved. The key tool of the proofs are properties of analytic semigroups and some inequalities.
The primary goal of this paper is to characterize solutions to coupled reaction-diffusion systems. Indeed, we use operators theory to show that under suitable assumptions, then the solutions to the reaction-diffusion equations exist. As applications, we consider a mathematical model arising in Biology and in Chemistry.
We consider a reaction-diffusion equation with a convection term in one space variable, where the diffusion changes sign from the positive to the negative and the reaction term is bistable. We study the existence of wavefront solutions, their uniqueness and regularity. The presence of convection reveals several new features of wavefronts: according to the mutual positions of the diffusivity and reaction, profiles can occur either for a single value of the speed or for a bounded interval of such values; uniqueness (up to shifts) is lost; moreover, plateaus of arbitrary length can appear; profil…
In this paper, we consider the inverse reaction coefficient problems (IRCPs) for nonlocal diffusion equation and multi-term time-fractional nonlocal diffusion equation from the average nonlocal flux data in external reaction region. Based on the nonlocal maximum principle we established, the uniqueness theorem for IRCPs are proved.
We consider a class of reaction-diffusion equations with a stochastic perturbation on the boundary. We show that in the limit of fast diffusion, one can rigorously approximate solutions of the system of PDEs with stochastic Neumann boundary conditions by the solution of a suitable stochastic/deterministic differential equation for the average concentration that involves reactions only. An interesting effect occurs, if the noise on the boundary does not change the averaging concentration, but is sufficiently large. Then surprising additional effective reaction terms appear. We focus on systems …
We introduce a spatially extended transport kinetic FitzHugh-Nagumo model with forced local interactions and prove that its hydrodynamic limit converges towards the classical nonlocal reaction-diffusion FitzHugh-Nagumo system. Our approach is based on a relative entropy method, where the macroscopic quantities of the kinetic model are compared with the solution to the nonlocal reaction-diffusion system. This approach allows to make the rigorous link between kinetic and reaction-diffusion models.
In this paper, we use duality arguments "à la Michel Pierre" to establish global existence of classic solutions for a class of parabolic reaction-diffusion systems modeling, for instance, the evolution of reversible chemical reactions.
For a class of reaction cross-diffusion systems of two equations with a cross-diffusion term in the first equation and with self-diffusion terms, we prove that the unique local smooth solution given by Amann theorem is actually global. This class of systems arises in Population dynamics, and extends the triangular Shigesada-Kawasaki-Teramoto system when general power-laws growth are considered in the reaction and diffusion rates.
We obtain classification, solvability and nonexistence theorems for positive stationary states of reaction-diffusion and Schrödinger systems involving a balance between repulsive and attractive terms. This class of systems contains PDE arising in biological models of Lotka-Volterra type, in physical models of Bose-Einstein condensates and in models of chemical reactions. We show, with different proofs, that the results obtained in [ARMA, 213 (2014), 129-169] for models with homogeneous diffusion are valid for general heterogeneous media, and even for controlled inhomogeneous diffusions.
We establish the uniqueness of semi-wavefront solution for a non-local delayed reaction-diffusion equation. This result is obtained by using a generalization of the Diekman-Kaper theory for a nonlinear convolution equation. Several applications to the systems of non-local reaction-diffusion equations with distributed time delay are also considered.
H{ö}lder regularity of parabolic equations with Dirichlet boundary conditions and application to reaction-diffusion and reaction-cross-diffusion systems
The paper deals with the homogenization of reaction-diffusion equations with large reaction terms in a multi-scale porous medium. We assume that the fractures and pores are equidistributed and that the coefficients of the equations are periodic. Using the multi-scale convergence method, we derive a homogenization result whose limit problem is defined on a fixed domain and is of convection-diffusion-reaction type.
We prove a global existence, uniqueness and regularity result for a two-species reaction-diffusion volume-surface system that includes nonlinear bulk diffusion and nonlinear (weak) cross diffusion on the active surface. A key feature is a proof of upper $L^{\infty}$-bounds that exploits the entropic gradient structure of the system.
The global-in-time existence of renormalized solutions to reaction-cross-diffu-sion systems for an arbitrary number of variables in bounded domains with no-flux boundary conditions is proved. The cross-diffusion part describes the segregation of population species and is a generalization of the Shigesada-Kawasaki-Teramoto model. The diffusion matrix is not diagonal and generally neither symmetric nor positive semi-definite, but the system possesses a formal gradient-flow or entropy structure. The reaction part includes reversible reactions of mass-action kinetics and does not obey any growth c…
We present new results of existence of global solutions for a class of reaction cross-diffusion systems of two equations presenting a cross-diffusion term in the first equation, and possibly presenting a self-diffusion term in any (or both) of the two equations. This class of systems arises in Population Dynamics, and notably includes the triangular SKT system. In particular, we recover and extend existing results for the triangular SKT system. Our proof relies on entropy and duality methods.
We study front propagation phenomena for a large class of nonlocal KPP-type reaction-diffusion equations in oscillatory environments, which model various forms of population growth with periodic dependence. The nonlocal diffusion is an anisotropic integro-differential operator of order $α\in (0,2)$.
We present an approach based on entropy and duality methods for triangular reaction cross diffusion systems of two equations, in which cross diffusion terms appear only in one of the equations. Thanks to this approach, we recover and extend many existing results on the classical triangular Shigesada-Kawasaki-Teramoto model.
We show that reaction-diffusion equations with almost-monotonic nonlinear terms are well-posed in $L^q(Ω)$ for each $1\leq q < \infty$ and the solutions are globally defined.
The time-global existence of unique smooth positive solutions to the reaction diffusion equations of the Keener-Tyson model for the Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction in the whole space is established with bounded non-negative initial data. Deriving estimates of semigroups and time evolution operators, and applying the maximum principle, the unique existence and the positivity of solutions are ensured by construction of time-local solutions from certain successive approximation. Invariant regions and long time behavior of solutions are also discussed.
We introduce a generalized concept of solutions for reaction-diffusion systems and prove their global existence. The only restriction on the reaction function beyond regularity, quasipositivity and mass control is special in that it merely controls the growth of cross-absorptive terms. The result covers nonlinear diffusion and does not rely on an entropy estimate.
This paper is concerned with the blow-up property of solutions to an initial boundary value problem for a reaction diffusion equation with special diffusion processes. It is shown, under certain conditions on the initial data, that the solutions to this problem blow up in finite time, by combining Hardy inequality, "moving" potential well methods with some differential inequalities. Moreover, the upper and lower bounds for the blow-up time are also derived when blow-up occurs.
We prove existence of and construct transition fronts for a class of reaction- diffusion equations with spatially inhomogeneous Fisher-KPP type reactions and non-local diffusion. Our approach is based on finding these solutions as perturbations of appropriate solutions to the linearization of the PDE at zero. Our work extends a method introduced by one of us to study such questions in the case of classical diffusion.
We consider a one-dimensional reaction-diffusion equation of Fisher-Kolmogoroff-Petrovsky-Piscounoff type. We investigate the effect of the interaction between the nonlinear diffusion coefficient and the reaction term on the existence and nonexistence of travelling waves. Our diffusion coefficient is allowed to be degenerate or singular at both equilibrium points, 0 and 1, while the reaction term need not be differentiable. These facts influence the existence and qualitative properties of travelling waves in a substantial way.
We study existence and uniqueness of travelling fronts, and asymptotic speed of propagation for a non local reaction diffusion equation with spatial and genetic trait structure.
We use a new method in the study of Fisher-KPP reaction-diffusion equations to prove existence of transition fronts for inhomogeneous KPP-type non-linearities in one spatial dimension. We also obtain new estimates on entire solutions of some KPP reaction-diffusion equations in several spatial dimensions. Our method is based on the construction of sub- and super-solutions to the non-linear PDE from solutions of its linearization at zero.
We consider the homogenisation of a coupled reaction-diffusion process in a porous medium with evolving microstructure. A concentration-dependent reaction rate at the interface of the pores with the solid matrix induces a concentration-dependent evolution of the domain. Hence, the evolution is fully coupled with the reaction-diffusion process. In order to pass to the homogenisation limit, we employ the two-scale-transformation method. Thus, we homogenise a highly non-linear problem in a periodic and in time cylindrical domain instead. The homogenisation result is a reaction-diffusion equation,…
We study the uniform boundedness of solutions to reaction-diffusion systems possessing a Lyapunov-like function and satisfying an {\it intermediate sum condition}. This significantly generalizes the mass dissipation condition in the literature and thus allows the nonlinearities to have arbitrary polynomial growth. We show that two dimensional reaction-diffusion systems, with quadratic intermediate sum conditions, have global solutions which are bounded uniformly in time. In higher dimension, bounded solutions are obtained under the condition that the diffusion coefficients are {\it quasi-unifo…
We give an application of the Crandall-Rabinowitz theorem on local bifurcation to a system of nonlinear parabolic equations with nonlocal reaction and cross-diffusion terms as well as nonlocal initial conditions. The system arises as steady-state equations of two interacting age-structured populations.
We consider combustion problems in the presence of complex chemistry and nonlinear diffusion laws leading to fully nonlinear multispecies reaction-diffusion equations. We establish results of existence of solution and maximum principle, i.e. positivity of the mass fractions, which rely on specific properties of the models. The nonlinear diffusion coefficients are obtained by resolution of the so-called Stefan-Maxwell equations.
This paper presents boundary observer design for space and time dependent reaction-advection-diffusion equations using backstepping method. The method uses only a single measurement at the boundary of the systems. The existence of the observer kernel equation is proved using the method of successive approximation.
We consider a system of two reaction-diffusion equations coming out of reversible chemistry. When the reaction happens on the totality of the domain, it is known that exponential convergence to equilibrium holds. We show in this paper that this exponential convergence also holds when the reaction holds only on a given open set of a ball, thanks to an observation estimate deduced by logarithmic convexity.
We study global-in-time behavior of the solution to a reaction-diffusion system with mass conservation, as proposed in the study of cell polarity, particularly, the second model of \cite{oi07}. First, we show global-in-time existence of solution with compact orbit and then we examine stability and instability of stationary solutions.}{Reaction diffusion system; mass conservation; cell polarity; global-in-time behavior; Lyapunov function.
We study the global existence and uniform-in-time bounds of classical solutions in all dimensions to reaction-diffusion systems dissipating mass. By utilizing the duality method and the regularization of the heat operator, we show that if the diffusion coefficients are close to each other, or if the diffusion coefficients are large enough compared to initial data, then the local classical solution exists globally and is bounded uniformly in time. Applications of the results include the validity of the Global Attractor Conjecture for complex balanced reaction systems with large diffusion.
We present a refined duality estimate for parabolic equations. This estimate entails new results for systems of reaction-diffusion equations, including smoothness and exponential convergence towards equilibrium for equations with quadratic right-hand sides in two dimensions. For general systems in any space dimension, we obtain smooth solutions of reaction-diffusion systems coming out of reversible chemistry under an assumption that the diffusion coefficients are sufficiently close one to another.
This paper is concerned with the existence and the stability of travelling wave solutions to a bistable reaction-diffusion equation with a jump discontinuious point on nonlinear term. Sub-super solution method is used throughout this paper. As a matter of fact, this nonlinear discontinuity term is frequently emerging when study the travelling wave solution of reaction-diffusion-ODE systems. Hence, it is meaningful to consider this kind of problem.
A reaction-diffusion system with mass conservation modelling cell polarity is considered. A range of the parameters is found where the solution converges exponentially to the constant equilibrium and the $ω$-limit set of the solution is spatially homogeneous, containing the constant stationary solution as well as possible spatially homogeneous orbits.
We consider reaction diffusion systems where components diffuse inside the domain and react on the surface through mass transport type boundary conditions. Under reasonable hypotheses, we establish the existence of component wise non-negative global solutions which are uniformly bounded in the sup norm.
This paper studies the solutions of a reaction--diffusion system with nonlinearities that generalise the Lengyel--Epstein and FitzHugh--Nagumo nonlinearities. Sufficient conditions are derived for the global asymptotic stability of the system's solutions and confirmed through numerical Examples.
We concider, the blow-up solutions for a coupled reaction diffusion system with gradient terms. The main purpose is to understand whether the gradient terms effect the blow-up properties. We derive the upper and lower blow-up rate estimates under certain assumptions.
We study the boundedness and convergence to equilibrium of weak solutions to reaction-diffusion systems with nonlinear diffusion. The nonlinear diffusion is of porous medium type and the nonlinear reaction terms are assumed to grow polynomially and to dissipate (or conserve) the total mass. By utilising duality estimates, the dissipation of the total mass and the smoothing effect of the porous medium equation, we prove that if the exponents of the nonlinear diffusion terms are high enough, then weak solutions are bounded, locally Hölder continuous and their $L^{\infty}(Ω)$-norm grows in time a…
A general reaction-diffusion equation with spatiotemporal delay and homogeneous Dirichlet boundary condition is considered. The existence and stability of positive steady state solutions are proved via studying an equivalent reaction-diffusion system without nonlocal and delay structure and applying local and global bifurcation theory. The global structure of the set of steady states is characterized according to type of nonlinearities and diffusion coefficient. Our general results are applied to diffusive logistic growth models and Nicholson's blowflies type models.
