Extended $1$-perfect codes in the Hamming scheme $H(n,q)$ can be equivalently defined as codes that turn to $1$-perfect codes after puncturing in any coordinate, as completely regular codes with certain intersection array, as uniformly packed codes with certain weight coefficients, as diameter perfect codes with respect to a certain anticode, as distance-$4$ codes with certain dual distances. We define extended $1$-perfect bitrades in $H(n,q)$ in five different manners, corresponding to the different definitions of extended $1$-perfect codes, and prove the equivalence of these definitions of extended $1$-perfect bitrades. For $q=2^m$, we prove that such bitrades exist if and only if $n=lq+2$. For any $q$, we prove the nonexistence of extended $1$-perfect bitrades if $n$ is odd.
Keywords: Perfect code, Extended perfect code, Bitrade, Completely regular code, Uniformly packed code.
A pair $(T_0,T_1)$ of disjoint sets of vertices of a graph $G$ is called a perfect bitrade in $G$ if any ball of radius 1 in $G$ contains exactly one vertex in $T_0$ and $T_1$ or none simultaneously. The volume of a perfect bitrade $(T_0,T_1)$ is the size of $T_0$. In particular, if $C_0$ and $C_1$ are distinct perfect codes with minimum distance $3$ in $G$ then $(C_0\setminus C_1,C_1\setminus C_0)$ is a perfect bitrade. For any $q\geq 3$, $r\geq 1$ we construct perfect bitrades in the Hamming graph $H(qr+1,q)$ of volume $(q!)^r$ and show that for $r=1$ their volume is minimum.
The Hamming graph $H(n,q)$ is the graph whose vertices are the words of length $n$ over the alphabet $\{0,1,\ldots,q-1\}$, where two vertices are adjacent if they differ in exactly one coordinate. The adjacency matrix of $H(n,q)$ has $n+1$ distinct eigenvalues $n(q-1)-q\cdot i$ with corresponding eigenspaces $U_{i}(n,q)$ for $0\leq i\leq n$. In this work we study functions belonging to a direct sum $U_i(n,q)\oplus U_{i+1}(n,q)\oplus\ldots\oplus U_j(n,q)$ for $0\leq i\leq j\leq n$. We find the minimum cardinality of the support of such functions for $q=2$ and for $q=3$, $i+j>n$. In particular, …
A coloring of the $q$-ary $n$-dimensional cube (hypercube) is called perfect if, for every $n$-tuple $x$, the collection of the colors of the neighbors of $x$ depends only on the color of $x$. A Boolean-valued function is called correlation-immune of degree $n-m$ if it takes the value 1 the same number of times for each $m$-dimensional face of the hypercube. Let $f=χ^S$ be a characteristic function of some subset $S$ of hypercube. In the present paper it is proven the inequality $ρ(S)q({\rm cor}(f)+1)\leq α(S)$, where ${\rm cor}(f)$ is the maximum degree of the correlation immunity of $f$, $α(…
Some properties of perfect transitive binary codes of length 15 and extended perfect transitive binary codes of length 16 are presented for reference purposes.
In this paper we obtain the necessary condition for the existence of perfect $k$-colorings (equitable $k$-partitions) in Hamming graphs $H(n,q)$, where $q=2,3,4$ and Doob graphs $D(m,n)$. As an application, we prove the non-existence of extended perfect codes in $H(n,q)$, where $q=3,4$, $n>q+2$, and in $D(m,n)$, where $2m+n>6$.
The paper proves that there exist an exponential number of nonequivalent propelinear extended perfect binary codes of length growing to infinity. Specifically, it is proved that all transitive extended perfect binary codes found by Potapov are propelinear. All such codes have small rank, which is one more than the rank of the extended Hamming code of the same length. We investigate the properties of these codes and show that any of them has a normalized propelinear representation.
An extended $1$-perfect trade is a pair $(T_0,T_1)$ of two disjoint binary distance-$4$ even-weight codes such that the set of words at distance $1$ from $T_0$ coincides with the set of words at distance $1$ from $T_1$. Such trade is called primary if any pair of proper subsets of $T_0$ and $T_1$ is not a trade. Using a computer-aided approach, we classify nonequivalent primary extended $1$-perfect trades of length $10$, constant-weight extended $1$-perfect trades of length $12$, and Steiner trades derived from them. In particular, all Steiner trades with parameters $(5,6,12)$ are classified.
We consider the symmetry group of a $Z_2Z_4$-linear code with parameters of a $1$-perfect, extended $1$-perfect, or Preparata-like code. We show that, provided the code length is greater than $16$, this group consists only of symmetries that preserve the $Z_2Z_4$ structure. We find the orders of the symmetry groups of the $Z_2Z_4$-linear (extended) $1$-perfect codes. Keywords: additive codes, $Z_2Z_4$-linear codes, $1$-perfect codes, Preparata-like codes, automorphism group, symmetry group.
We continue the study of the class of binary extended perfect propelinear codes constructed in the previous paper and consider their permutation automorphism (symmetry) groups and Steiner quadruple systems. We show that the automorphism group of the SQS of any such code coincides with the permutation automorphism group of the code. In particular, the SQS of these codes are complete invariants for the isomorphism classes of these codes. We obtain a criterion for the point transitivity of the automorphism group of SQS of proposed codes in terms of GL-equivalence (similar to EA-type equivalence f…
A binary extended 1-perfect code $\mathcal C$ folds over its kernel via the Steiner quadruple systems associated with its codewords. The resulting folding, proposed as a graph invariant for $\mathcal C$, distinguishes among the 361 nonlinear codes $\mathcal C$ of kernel dimension $κ$ with $9\geqκ\geq 5$ obtained via Solov'eva-Phelps doubling construction. Each of the 361 resulting graphs has most of its nonloop edges expressible in terms of the lexicographically disjoint quarters of the products of the components of two of the ten 1-perfect partitions of length 8 classified by Phelps, and loop…
The minimum distance graph of a code has the codewords as vertices and edges exactly when the Hamming distance between two codewords equals the minimum distance of the code. A constructive proof for reconstructibility of an extended perfect binary one-error-correcting code from its minimum distance graph is presented. Consequently, inequivalent such codes have nonisomorphic minimum distance graphs. Moreover, it is shown that the automorphism group of a minimum distance graph is isomorphic to that of the corresponding code.
The concept of differential uniformity was recently extended to the $c$-differential uniformity. An interesting problem in this area is the construction of functions with low $c$-differential uniformity and a lot of research has been done in this direction in the recent past. Here, we present three classes of (almost) perfect $c$-nonlinear permutations over finite fields of even characteristic.
Perfect codes in the $n$-dimensio\-nal grid $Λ_n$ of the lattice $\mathbb{Z}^n$ ($0<n\in\mathbb{Z}$) and its quotient toroidal grids were obtained via the truncated distance in $\mathbb{Z}^n$ given between $u=(u_1,\cdots,u_n)$ and $v=(v_1, \ldots,v_n)$ as the graph distance $h(u,v)$ in $Λ_n$, if $|u_i-v_i|\le 1$, for all $i\in\{1, \ldots,n\}$, and as $n+1$, otherwise. Such codes are extended to multilattice graphs $Γ_n$ obtained by glueing ternary $n$-cubes along their codimension 1 ternary subcubes in such a way that each binary $n$-subcube is contained in a unique maximal lattice of $Γ_n$. T…
Let ${\cal C}$ be a ${\mathbb{Z}}_2{\mathbb{Z}}_4$-additive code of length $n > 3$. We prove that if the binary Gray image of ${\cal C}$, $C=Φ({\cal C})$, is a 1-perfect nonlinear code, then ${\cal C}$ cannot be a ${\mathbb{Z}}_2{\mathbb{Z}}_4$-cyclic code except for one case of length $n=15$. Moreover, we give a parity check matrix for this cyclic code. Adding an even parity check coordinate to a ${\mathbb{Z}}_2{\mathbb{Z}}_4$-additive 1-perfect code gives an extended 1-perfect code. We also prove that any such code cannot be ${\mathbb{Z}}_2{\mathbb{Z}}_4$-cyclic.
A binary extended 1-perfect code $\mathcal C$ folds over its kernel via the Steiner quadruple systems associated with its codewords. The resulting folding, proposed as a graph invariant for $\mathcal C$, distinguishes among the 361 nonlinear codes $\mathcal C$ of kernel dimension $κ$ obtained via Solov'eva-Phelps doubling construction, where $9\geqκ\geq 5$. Each of the 361 resulting graphs has most of its nonloop edges expressible in terms of lexicographically ordered quarters of products of classes from extended 1-perfect partitions of length 8 (as classified by Phelps) and loops mostly expre…
New series of $2^{2m}$-dimensional universally strongly perfect lattices $Λ_I $ and $Γ_J $ are constructed with $$2BW_{2m} ^{\#} \subseteq Γ_J \subseteq BW_{2m} \subseteq Λ_I \subseteq BW _{2m}^{\#} .$$ The lattices are found by restricting the spin representations of the automorphism group of the Barnes-Wall lattice to its subgroup ${\mathcal U}_m:={\mathcal C}_m (4^H_{\bf 1}) $. The group ${\mathcal U}_m$ is the Clifford-Weil group associated to the Hermitian self-dual codes over ${\bf F} _4$ containing ${\bf 1}$, so the ring of polynomial invariants of ${\mathcal U}_m$ is spanned by the gen…
We give some classes of power maps with low $c$-differential uniformity over finite fields of odd characteristic, {for $c=-1$}. Moreover, we give a necessary and sufficient condition for a linearized polynomial to be a perfect $c$-nonlinear function and investigate conditions when perturbations of perfect $c$-nonlinear (or not) function via an arbitrary Boolean or $p$-ary function is perfect $c$-nonlinear. In the process, we obtain a class of polynomials that are perfect $c$-nonlinear for all $c\neq 1$, in every characteristic. The affine, extended affine and CCZ-equivalence is also looked at,…
We study properties of binary codes with parameters close to the parameters of 1-perfect codes. An arbitrary binary $(n=2^m-3, 2^{n-m-1}, 4)$ code $C$, i.e., a code with parameters of a triply-shortened extended Hamming code, is a cell of an equitable partition of the $n$-cube into six cells. An arbitrary binary $(n=2^m-4, 2^{n-m}, 3)$ code $D$, i.e., a code with parameters of a triply-shortened Hamming code, is a cell of an equitable family (but not a partition) from six cells. As a corollary, the codes $C$ and $D$ are completely semiregular; i.e., the weight distribution of such a code depen…
