The emergence of affordable wireless and mobile devices was a key step towards deploying mobile peer-to-peer (P2P) systems. The latter allow users to share and search diverse multimedia resources over Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs). Due to the nature of MANETs, P2P mobile systems brought up many new thriving challenges, in particular with regard to the content discovery issue. Thus, the design of an efficient content discovery protocol has been of paramount importance. The thriving challenge is to (i) locate relevant peers sharing pertinent resources for users queries and then (ii) to ensure that those peers would be reached by considering different MANET constraints (e.g., peer mobility, battery energy, peer load, to cite a few). Even though the literature witnesses a wealthy number of content discovery protocols, only few of them have considered the above-mentioned requirements. To overcome this shortage, we introduce in this paper an efficient Content Discovery Protocol (CDP) for P2P mobile systems. The idea underlying our proposal is to route users queries to relevant peers that are (1) more suitable to answer the user query according to its content, (2) more stable to relay query hits, (3) less loaded to avoid the network congestion issue and (4) having more battery lifetime to avoid the network partitioning issue. The performed experiments show that CDP outperforms its competitor in terms of effectiveness and efficiency.
In this paper we address the problem of discovering network topology in proprietary networks. Namely, we investigate topology discovery in Cisco-based networks. Cisco devices run Cisco Discovery Protocol (CDP) which holds information about these devices. We first compare properties of topologies that can be obtained from networks deploying CDP versus Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) and Management Information Base (MIB) Forwarding Database (FDB). Then we describe a method of discovering topology of CDP-based networks. Our experiments show that the physical topology of the network including links t…
The purpose of data-link layer discovery protocols is to provide the network administrator with the current information (i.e., various Layer 2 and 3 parameters) about neighbor devices. These protocols are invaluable for network monitoring, maintenance, and troubleshooting. However, they start to play an important role in the operation of data-centers and other high-availability networks. This paper outlines design, implementation and deployment of Cisco Discovery Protocol and Link Layer Discovery Protocol simulation modules in OMNeT++ simulator.
Mobility management and bandwidth management are two major research issues in a cellular mobile network. Mobility management consists of two basic components: location management and handoff management. To Provide QoS to the users Handoff is a key element in wireless cellular networks. It is often initiated either by crossing a cell boundary or by deterioration in the quality of signal in the current channel. In this paper, a new admission control policy for cellular mobile network is being proposed. Two important QoS parameter in cellular networks are Call Dropping Probability (CDP) and Hando…
We have proposed a novel approach to Service Discovery in Mobile Ad hoc Networks. We have simulated the proposed approach in JIST/SWANS simulator and the results have shown significant performance improvement.
Mobile Adhoc Network (MANET) is a network of a number of mobile routers and associated hosts, organized in a random fashion via wireless links. During recent years MANET has gained enormous amount of attention and has been widely used for not only military purposes but for search-and-rescue operations, intelligent transportation system, data collection, virtual classrooms and ubiquitous computing. Service Discovery is one of the most important issues in MANET. It is defined as the process of facilitating service providers to advertise their services in a dynamic way and to allow consumers to d…
Mobile devices have been shipped with multiple wireless network interfaces in order to meet their diverse communication and networking demands. In this paper, we propose an A-GPS assisted scheme that discovers the nearest Wi-Fi network access points (APs) by using user's location information. This allows the user to switch to the Wi-Fi interface in an intelligent manner when she/he arrives at the nearest Wi-Fi network AP. Therefore, it avoids the long periods in idle state and greatly reduces the number of unnecessary Wi-Fi scans on the mobile device. The experimental results demonstrate that …
Achieving optimal transmission throughput in data networks in a multi-hop wireless networks is fundamental but hard problem. The situation is aggravated when nodes are mobile. Further, multi-rate system make the analysis of throughput more complicated. In mobile scenario, link may break or be created as nodes are moving within communication range. `Route Discovery' which is to find the optimal route and transmission schedule is an important issue. Route discovery entails some cost; so one would not like to initiate discovery too often. On the other hand, not discovering reasonably often entail…
Recently mobile agents are used to discover services in mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) where agents travel through the network, collecting and sometimes spreading the dynamically changing service information. But it is important to investigate how reliable the agents are for this application as the dependability issues(reliability and availability) of MANET are highly affected by its dynamic nature.The complexity of underlying MANET makes it hard to obtain the route reliability of the mobile agent systems (MAS); instead we estimate it using Monte Carlo simulation. Thus an algorithm for estimati…
Multihop ad hoc wireless networks consist of mobile nodes that communicate with each other without any fixed infrastructure. The nodes in these networks are power constrained, since they operate in limited battery energy. Cooperative caching is an attractive solution for reducing network traffic and bandwidth demands in mobile ad hoc networks. Deploying caches in mobile nodes can reduce the overall traffic considerably. Cache hits eliminate the need to contact the data source frequently, which avoids additional network overhead. In this paper we propose a cache discovery policy for cooperative…
We provide a novel solution for Resource Discovery (RD) in mobile device clouds consisting of selfish nodes. Mobile device clouds (MDCs) refer to cooperative arrangement of communication-capable devices formed with resource-sharing goal in mind. Our work is motivated by the observation that with ever-growing applications of MDCs, it is essential to quickly locate resources offered in such clouds, where the resources could be content, computing resources, or communication resources. The current approaches for RD can be categorized into two models: decentralized model, where RD is handled by eac…
It is now feasible to host Web Services on a mobile device due to the advances in cellular devices and mobile communication technologies. However, the reliability, usability and responsiveness of the Mobile Hosts depend on various factors including the characteristics of available network, computational resources, and better means of searching the services provided by them. P2P enhances the adoption of Mobile Host in commercial environments. Mobile Hosts in P2P can collaboratively share the resources of individual peers. P2P also enhances the service discovery of huge number of Web Services po…
During route discovery of mobile ad hoc network, broadcasting of route request and route reply packets are the essential operations for finding the path between two ends. In such situations, intermediate node which may or may not belongs will participate in route discovery process, update routing table and rebroadcast the route discovery packets again to its neighboring nodes. Finally optimal path is found with minimum hops. This simply upsurges overhead and deteriorates the performance of routing. The proposed Petal Ant Routing (PAR) algorithm offers a low overhead by optimizing FANT and BANT…
In ad hoc networks, the scheduling of route-request packets should be different from that of message packets, because during transmission of message packets the location of the destination is known whereas in route discovery this is not known in most of the cases. The router has to depend upon the last known location, if any, of the destination to determine the center and radius of the circle that embeds all possible current position of the destination. Route-request packets generated from the source are directed towards this circle i.e., directional route discovery can be applied. Otherwise, …
Service-oriented Mobile Social Network in Proximity (MSNP) lets participants establish new social interactions with strangers in public proximity using heterogeneous platforms and devices. Such characteristic faces challenges in discovery latency and trustworthiness. In a public service-oriented MSNP environment, which consists of a large number of participants, a content requester who searches for a particular service provided by other MSNP participants will need to retrieve and process a large number of Service Description Metadata (SDM) files, associated semantic metadata files and identify…
In large-scale wireless networks such as mobile ad hoc and sensor networks, efficient and robust service discovery and data-access mechanisms are both essential and challenging. Rendezvous-based mechanisms provide a valuable solution for provisioning a wide range of services. In this paper, we describe Rendezvous Regions (RRs) - a novel scalable rendezvous-based architecture for wireless networks. RR is a general architecture proposed for service location and bootstrapping in ad hoc networks, in addition to data-centric storage, configuration, and task assignment in sensor networks. In RR the …
The advanced features of today's smart phones and hand held devices, like the increased memory and processing capabilities, allowed them to act even as information providers. Thus a smart phone hosting web services is not a fancy anymore. But the relevant discovery of these services provided by the smart phones has became quite complex, because of the volume of services possible with each Mobile Host providing some services. Centralized registries have severe drawbacks in such a scenario and alternate means of service discovery are to be addressed. P2P domain with it resource sharing capabilit…
A crucial issue for a mobile ad hoc network is the handling of a large number of nodes. As more nodes join the mobile ad hoc network, contention and congestion are more likely. The on demand routing protocols which broadcasts control packets to discover routes to the destination nodes, generate a high number of broadcast packets in a larger networks causing contention and collision. We propose an efficient route discovery protocol, which reduces the number of broadcast packet, using controlled flooding technique. The simulation results show that the proposed probabilistic flooding decreases th…
National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences（国立计算机与新兴科学大学）；Hamdard University（哈姆达德大学）
Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is an infrastructure-less network formed between a set of mobile nodes. The discovery of services in MANET is a challenging job due to the unique properties of network. In this paper, a novel service discovery framework called Hybrid Association Rules Based Network Layer Discovery of Services for Ad hoc Networks (HANDY) has been proposed. HANDY provides three major research contributions. At first, it adopts a cross-layer optimized design for discovery of services that is based on simultaneous discovery of services and corresponding routes. Secondly, it provides a…
Todays mobile networks contain an increasing variety of proprietary hardware stifling innovation and leading to longer time-to-market for introduction of new services. We propose to replace the mobile core network nodes and interfaces with an Open Source SW implementation running on general purpose commodity hardware. The proposed open source approach referred to as coreless mobile network is expected to reduce cost, increase flexibility, improve innovation speed and accelerate time-to-market for introduction of new features and functionalities. A common Open Source SW framework will also enab…
Neighbor discovery plays a crucial role in the formation of wireless sensor networks and mobile networks where the power of sensors (or mobile devices) is constrained. Due to the difficulty of clock synchronization, many asynchronous protocols based on wake-up scheduling have been developed over the years in order to enable timely neighbor discovery between neighboring sensors while saving energy. However, existing protocols are not fine-grained enough to support all heterogeneous battery duty cycles, which can lead to a more rapid deterioration of long-term battery health for those without su…
This paper discusses a new energy aware routing scheme which uses variable transmission range. The protocol has been incorporated along with the route discovery procedure of AODV as a case study. Both the protocols are simulated using Network Simulator and comparisons are made to analyze their performance based on energy consumption, network lifetime and number of alive nodes metrics for different network scenarios. The results show that EAR makes effective node energy utilization.
In recent years, the static shortest path (SP) problem has been well addressed using intelligent optimization techniques, e.g., artificial neural networks, genetic algorithms (GAs), particle swarm optimization, etc. However, with the advancement in wireless communications, more and more mobile wireless networks appear, e.g., mobile networks [mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs)], wireless sensor networks, etc. One of the most important characteristics in mobile wireless networks is the topology dynamics, i.e., the network topology changes over time due to energy conservation or node mobility. There…
This paper describes an algorithm for discovery of convoys in database with proximity log. Traditionally, discovery of convoys covers trajectories databases. This paper presents a model for context-aware browsing application based on the network proximity. Our model uses mobile phone as proximity sensor and proximity data replaces location information. As per our concept, any existing or even especially created wireless network node could be used as presence sensor that can discover access to some dynamic or user-generated content. Content revelation in this model depends on rules based on the…
Mobile collaborative learning (MCL) is highly acknowledged and focusing paradigm in eductional institutions and several organizations across the world. It exhibits intellectual synergy of various combined minds to handle the problem and stimulate the social activity of mutual understanding. To improve and foster the baseline of MCL, several supporting architectures, frameworks including number of the mobile applications have been introduced. Limited research was reported that particularly focuses to enhance the security of those pardigms and provide secure MCL to users. The paper handles the i…
Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETS) is a collection of wireless nodes without any infrastructure support. The nodes in MANET can act as either router or source and the control of the network is distributed among nodes. The nodes in MANETS are highly mobile and it maintains dynamic interconnection between those mobile nodes. MANTEs have been considered as isolated stand-alone network. This can turn the dream of networking "at any time and at any where" into reality. The main purpose of this paper is to study the issues in route discovery process in AODV protocol for MANET. Flooding of route request…
In this paper, we propose an ad-hoc on-demand distance vector routing algorithm for mobile ad-hoc networks taking into account node mobility. Changeable topology of such mobile ad-hoc networks provokes overhead messages in order to search available routes and maintain found routes. The overhead messages impede data delivery from sources to destination and deteriorate network performance. To overcome such a challenge, our proposed algorithm estimates link duration based neighboring node mobility and chooses the most reliable route. The proposed algorithm also applies the estimate for route main…
MANET is a temporary connection of mobile nodes via wireless links having no centralized base station. We developed a protocol with an enhanced route discovery mechanism that avoids the pre-transmission delay. When a source node wants to communicate with another node, it broadcast RREQ. EAODV give priority to the source node of real time transmission. When RREQ packet send to neighbor node, for real time transmission it accept route request on priority basis and the drop ratio of packets decreased, then throughput increases by receiving more packets at destination and delivery ratio also incre…
Neighbor discovery is a fundamental service for initialization and managing network dynamics in wireless sensor networks and mobile sensing applications. In this paper, we present a novel design principle named Talk More Listen Less (TMLL) to reduce idle-listening in neighbor discovery protocols by learning the fact that more beacons lead to fewer wakeups. We propose an extended neighbor discovery model for analyzing wakeup schedules in which beacons are not necessarily placed in the wakeup slots. Furthermore, we are the first to consider channel occupancy rate in discovery protocols by introd…
In mobile ad-hoc networks, nodes have to transmit HELLO or Route Maintenance messages at regular intervals, and all nodes residing within its radio range, reply with an acknowledgment message informing their node identifier, current location, and radio-range. Regular transmitting these messages consume a significant amount of battery power in nodes, especially when the set of down-link neighbors does not change over time and the radio-range of the sender node is large. The present article focuses on this aspect and tries to eliminate the number of HELLO messages in existing state-of-art protoc…
Mobile devices apply neighbor discovery (ND) protocols to wirelessly initiate a first contact within the shortest possible amount of time and with minimal energy consumption. For this purpose, over the last decade, a vast number of ND protocols have been proposed, which have progressively reduced the relation between the time within which discovery is guaranteed and the energy consumption. In spite of the simplicity of the problem statement, even after more than 10 years of research on this specific topic, new solutions are still proposed even today. Despite the large number of known ND protoc…
In mobile ad-hoc networks, neighbor discovery protocols are used to find surrounding devices and to establish a first contact between them. Since the clocks of the devices are not synchronized and their energy-budgets are limited, usually duty-cycled, asynchronous discovery protocols are applied. Only if two devices are awake at the same point in time, they can rendezvous. Currently, time-slotted protocols, which subdivide time into multiple intervals with equal lengths (slots), are considered to be the most efficient discovery schemes. In this paper, we break away from the assumption of slott…
Unlike traditional routing procedures that, at the best, single out a unique route, multi-path routing protocols discover proactively several alternative routes. It has been recognized that multi-path routing can be more efficient than traditional one mainly for mobile ad hoc networks, where route failure events are frequent. Most studies in the area of multi-path routing focus on heuristic methods, and the performances of these strategies are commonly evaluated by numerical simulations. The need of a theoretical analysis motivates such a paper, which proposes to resort to the terminal-pair ro…
Network-Wide Broadcast (NWB) is a common operation in Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) used by routing protocols to discover routes and in group communication operations. NWB is commonly performed via flooding, which has been shown to be expensive in dense MANETs because of its high redundancy. Several efforts have targeted reducing the redundancy of floods. In this work, we target another problem that can substantially impact the success of NWBs: since MAC level broadcasts are unreliable, it is possible for critical rebroadcasts to be lost, leading to a significant drop in the node coverage. T…
One of the big challenges in ad hoc network design is packet routing. Studies have shown that on-demand routing protocols perform better than table-driven routing protocols. In order to avoid route discovery for each packet, on-demand routing protocols cache routes previously learnt. A node in ad hoc network learns routing information by overhearing or forwarding packets to other nodes and keep learned routes in its route cache. However, node movement results broken links and therefore increases risk of cache pollution. Ensuring cache freshness in on-demand routing protocols, therefore, presen…
We propose behavior-oriented services as a new paradigm of communication in mobile human networks. Our study is motivated by the tight user-network coupling in future mobile societies. In such a paradigm, messages are sent to inferred behavioral profiles, instead of explicit IDs. Our paper provides a systematic framework in providing such services. First, user behavioral profiles are constructed based on traces collected from two large wireless networks, and their spatio-temporal stability is analyzed. The implicit relationship discovered between mobile users could be utilized to provide a ser…
Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) is an efficient on-demand routing protocol for mobile ad-hoc networks (MANET). It depends on two main procedures: Route Discovery and Route Maintenance. Route discovery is the procedure used at the source of the packets to discover a route to the destination. Route Maintenance is the procedure that discovers link failures and repairs them. Route caching is the sub procedure serviceable to avoid the demand for discovering a route or to reduce route discovery delay before every data packet is sent. The goal of this paper is to evaluate the performance of DSR. Differe…
A Mobile Ad-Hoc Network (MANET) is a collection of wireless mobile nodes forming a temporary network without using any centralized access point, infrastructure, or centralized administration. In this paper we introduce an Energy Efficient Location Aided Routing (EELAR) Protocol for MANETs that is based on the Location Aided Routing (LAR). EELAR makes significant reduction in the energy consumption of the mobile nodes batteries by limiting the area of discovering a new route to a smaller zone. Thus, control packets overhead is significantly reduced. In EELAR a reference wireless base station is…
This paper revisits the issue of route discovery in dynamic source routing (DSR) for mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), and puts forward a proposal of a lightweight non-optimal route suppression technique based on the observation of a rarely noted but commonly occurring phenomenon in route discovery. The technique exploits the observed phenomenon to extract query state information that permits intermediate nodes to identify and suppress the initiation of route replies with non-optimal routes, even if the route query is received for the first time. A detailed evaluation of DSR with non-optimal ro…
In near future, anticipated large number of mobile users may introduce very large centralized databases and increase end-to-end delays in location registration and call delivery on HLR-VLR database and will become infeasible. After observing several problems we propose some guidelines. Multitree distributed database, high throughput index structure, memory oriented database organization are used. Location management guidelines for moving user in overlapping network, neighbor discovery protocol (NDP), and global roaming rule are adopted. Analytic model and examples are presented to evaluate the…
The various routing protocols in Mobile Ad hoc Networks follow different strategies to send the information from one node to another. The nodes in the network are non static and they move randomly and are prone to link failure which makes always to find new routes to the destination. This research mainly focused on the study of the characteristics of multipath routing protocols in MANETS. Two of the multipath routing protocols were investigated and a comparative study along with simulation using NS2 was done between DSR and AODV to propose an enhanced approach to reach the destination maintain…
In situations where establishing a network infrastructure is impossible, Ad-hoc networks are considered particularly important. Most of the previous research in Ad-hoc networks concentrated on the development and enhancement of dynamic routing protocols, which could efficiently discover routes between two communicating nodes. Although routing strategies is an important topic in MANETs, other topics such as data access are also crucial since the final goal of using Ad-hoc networks is to provide data access to mobile nodes. One of the most attractive techniques used to improve the data access pe…
The exploitation of the mm-wave bands is one of the most promising solutions for 5G mobile radio networks. However, the use of mm-wave technologies in cellular networks is not straightforward due to mm-wave harsh propagation conditions that limit access availability. In order to overcome this obstacle, hybrid network architectures are being considered where mm-wave small cells can exploit an overlay coverage layer based on legacy technology. The additional mm-wave layer can also take advantage of a functional split between control and user plane, that allows to delegate most of the signaling f…
In this paper we propose a novel architecture, CARD, for resource discovery in large scale Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANets) which, may scale up to thousands of nodes and may span wide geographical regions. Unlike previously proposed schemes, our architecture avoids expensive mechanisms such as global flooding as well as complex coordination between nodes to form a hierarchy. CARD is also independent of any external source of information such as GPS. In our architecture nodes within a limited number of hops from each node form the neighborhood of that node. Resources within the neighborhood can …
Mobile Crowdsensing is a promising paradigm for ubiquitous sensing, which explores the tremendous data collected by mobile smart devices with prominent spatial-temporal coverage. As a fundamental property of Mobile Crowdsensing Systems, temporally recruited mobile users can provide agile, fine-grained, and economical sensing labors, however their self-interest cannot guarantee the quality of the sensing data, even when there is a fair return. Therefore, a mechanism is required for the system server to recruit well-behaving users for credible sensing, and to stimulate and reward more contributi…
The exploitation of mm-wave bands is one of the key-enabler for 5G mobile radio networks. However, the introduction of mm-wave technologies in cellular networks is not straightforward due to harsh propagation conditions that limit the mm-wave access availability. Mm-wave technologies require high-gain antenna systems to compensate for high path loss and limited power. As a consequence, directional transmissions must be used for cell discovery and synchronization processes: this can lead to a non-negligible access delay caused by the exploration of the cell area with multiple transmissions alon…
The arrival of 6G technologies shall massively increase the proliferation of on-demand and ephemeral networks. Creating and removing customized networks on the fly notably requires fully automation to guarantee commissioning-time acceleration. In this paper, we address the deployment automation of an end-to-end mobile network, with special focus on RAN units (referred to as Cloud-RAN). The Cloud-RAN automation is especially challenging due to the strong latency constraints expected in 6G as well as the required management of physical antennas. To automatically instantiate a Cloud-RAN chain, we…
The advancement of mobile and wireless communication technologies in recent years introduced various adaptive protocols to adapt the need for secured communications. Security is a crucial success factor for any communication protocols, especially in mobile environment due to its ad hoc behavior. Formal verification plays an important role in development and application of safety critical systems. Formalized exhausted verification techniques to analyze the security and the safety properties of communications protocols increase and confirm the protocol confidence. SPIN is a powerful model checke…
Beamforming is an essential requirement to combat high pathloss and to improve signal-to-noise ratio during initial cell discovery in future millimeter wave cellular networks. The choice of an appropriate beamforming is directly coupled with its energy consumption. The energy consumption is even of more concern at a battery limited mobile station (MS). In this work, we provide an energy consumption based comparison of different beamforming schemes while considering both a low power and a high power analog-to-digital converter (ADC) for a millimeter wave based receiver at the MS. We analyze bot…
It has been revealed in the literature that pure multipoint relaying (MPR) algorithms demonstrate both simplicity and outstanding performance, as compared to other flooding algorithms in wireless networks. One drawback of pure MPR algorithms is that the selected forwarding set may not represent the optimum selection. In addition, little efforts have been carried-out to investigate the performance of such algorithms in noisy mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) suffering from high packet-loss and node mobility. In this paper, we develop and evaluate the performance of an optimal MPR (OMPR) algorithm…
Mobility is one of the basic features that define an ad hoc network, an asset that leaves the field free for the nodes to move. The most important aspect of this kind of network turns into a great disadvantage when it comes to commercial applications, take as an example: the automotive networks that allow communication between a groups of vehicles. The ad hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV) routing protocol, designed for mobile ad hoc networks, has two main functions. First, it enables route establishment between a source and a destination node by initiating a route discovery process. Second,…
The emerging need for mobile ad hoc networks and secured data transmission phase is of crucial importance depending upon the environments like military. In this paper, a new way to improve the reliability of message transmission is presented. In the open collaborative MANET environment, any node can maliciously or selfishly disrupt and deny communication of other nodes. Dynamic changing topology makes it hard to determine the adversary nodes that affect the communication in MANET. An SMT protocol provides a way to secure message transmission by dispersing the message among several paths with m…
Islamic Azad University, South Tehran Branch（伊斯兰阿扎德大学南德黑兰分校）
Mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) is a dynamic collection of mobile computers without the need for any existing infrastructure. Nodes in a MANET act as hosts and routers. Designing of robust routing algorithms for MANETs is a challenging task. Disjoint multipath routing protocols address this problem and increase the reliability, security and lifetime of network. However, selecting an optimal multipath is an NP-complete problem. In this paper, Hopfield neural network (HNN) which its parameters are optimized by particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is proposed as multipath routing algorithm. …
Close proximity of mobile devices can be utilized to create ad hoc and dynamic networks. These mobile Proximity Based Networks (PBNs) are Opportunistic Networks that enable devices to identify and communicate with each other without relying on any communication infrastructure. In addition, these networks are self organizing, highly dynamic and facilitate effective real-time communication. These characteristics render them very useful in a wide variety of complex scenarios such as vehicular communication, e-health, disaster networks, mobile social networks etc. In this work we employ the AllJoy…
A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a collection of autonomous nodes that communicate with each other by forming a multi-hop radio network and maintaining connections in a decentralized manner. Security remains a major challenge for these networks due to their features of open medium, dynamically changing topologies, reliance on cooperative algorithms,absence of centralized monitoring points, and lack of clear lines of defense. Most of the routing protocols for MANETs are thus vulnerable to various types of attacks. Ad hoc on-demand distance vector routing (AODV) is a very popular routing algor…
Ad hoc networks are wireless mobile networks that can operate without infrastructure and without centralized network management. Traditional techniques of routing are not well adapted. Indeed, their lack of reactivity with respect to the variability of network changes makes them difficult to use. Moreover, conserving energy is a critical concern in the design of routing protocols for ad hoc networks, because most mobile nodes operate with limited battery capacity, and the energy depletion of a node affects not only the node itself but also the overall network lifetime. In all proposed single-p…
A mobile ad hoc network (MANETs) is a self-organizing system of mobile nodes that communicate with each other via wireless links with no fixed infrastructure or centralized administration such as base station or access points. Nodes in a MANETs operate both as host as well as routers to forward packets for each other in a multihop fashion. For many applications in wireless networks, multicasting is an important and frequent communication service. By multicasting, since a single message can be delivered to multiple receivers simultaneously. It greatly reduces the transmission cost when sending …
The technologies like Wi-Fi, Blue tooth, WiMax etc. have made Mobile Ad hoc Networks common in our Real life. Multi-media applications need to be supported on MANET. A certain level of QoS (Quality of Service) support is essential for Real time data. Our proposed protocol provides the required QoS without having negative impact on Best Effort data traffic. An efficient rout discovery mechanism for AODV routing protocol as well as transmission technique for real time data are proposed. This technique gives more transmission opportunities to real time data traffic results in decreasing transmiss…
