Lynx光栅光谱仪设计：优化啁啾透射光栅
Lynx grating spectrometer design: Optimizing chirped transmission gratings
AI总结：
本文研究Lynx X射线光栅光谱仪中采用啁啾透射光栅的设计优化，发现80×160 mm啁啾光栅可将光栅数量从数千减少到数百，同时提升有效面积25%，弯曲光栅还可再提升5-10%。
摘要：
Lynx是NASA 2020年十年调查中四个大型任务概念研究之一。设计参考任务包括一个基于临界角透射（CAT）光栅的X射线光栅光谱仪（XGS）。过去我们使用具有恒定栅条间距的传统平面CAT光栅研究了不同的光栅尺寸和排列方式。然而，新技术的发展使啁啾光栅成为可能。使用栅条间距在光栅上变化的啁啾光栅，使我们能够用更大的光栅填充孔径，因为啁啾可以补偿大型平面光栅偏离Rowland环面所引起的一些像差。这减少了被光栅支撑结构遮挡的面积。使用更大的光栅还可能带来成本节约。我们使用光线追迹研究了采用啁啾光栅的XGS设计，发现使用尺寸为80×160 mm的啁啾光栅可以将光栅数量从几千个减少到几百个，同时将有效面积提高25%，并保持分辨本领不变。将这些光栅弯曲以在整个光栅上保持恒定的闪耀角，可将有效面积再提高5-10%。
英文摘要：
Lynx is one of four large-mission concept studies for NASA's 2020 Decadal survey. The design reference mission includes an X-ray grating spectrometer (XGS) based on critical-angle transmission (CAT) gratings. In the past we studied different grating sizes and arrangements using traditional flat CAT gratings with constant bar spacing. However, new technology development brings chirped gratings in reach. Using chirped gratings where the grating bar spacing varies over a grating allows us to fill the aperture with larger gratings because the chirp can compensate for some aberrations caused by the deviation of large flat gratings from the Rowland torus. This reduces the area blocked by grating support structures. Using larger gratings also carries potential cost savings. We use ray-tracing to study an XGS design with chirped grating and find that using chirped gratings of $80 * 160$ mm size allows us to reduce the number of gratings from a few thousand to a few hundred, while simultaneously increasing the effective area by 25% and keeping the resolving power constant. Bending those gratings to maintain a constant blaze angle over the entire grating increases the effective area by another 5-10%.
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