Millikelvin temperature cryo-CMOS multiplexer for scalable quantum device characterisation
Anton Potočnik, Steven Brebels, Jeroen Verjauw, Rohith Acharya, Alexander Grill, Danny Wan, Massimo Mongillo, Ruoyu Li, Tsvetan Ivanov, Steven Van Winckel, Fahd… 展开作者
Anton Potočnik, Steven Brebels, Jeroen Verjauw, Rohith Acharya, Alexander Grill, Danny Wan, Massimo Mongillo, Ruoyu Li, Tsvetan Ivanov, Steven Van Winckel, Fahd A. Mohiyaddin, Bogdan Govoreanu, Jan Craninckx, I. P. Radu
Quantum computers based on solid state qubits have been a subject of rapid development in recent years. In current Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) technology, each quantum device is controlled and characterised though a dedicated signal line between room temperature and base temperature of a dilution refrigerator. This approach is not scalable and is currently limiting the development of large-scale quantum system integration and quantum device characterisation. Here we demonstrate a custom designed cryo-CMOS multiplexer operating at 32 mK. The multiplexer exhibits excellent microwave properties up to 10 GHz at room and millikelvin temperatures. We have increased the characterisation throughput with the multiplexer by measuring four high-quality factor superconducting resonators using a single input and output line in a dilution refrigerator. Our work lays the foundation for large-scale microwave quantum device characterisation and has the perspective to address the wiring problem of future large-scale quantum computers.
CryoCMOS RF multiplexer for superconducting qubit control, readout and flux biasing at millikelvin temperatures with picowatt power consumption
Imec；Department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT), KU Leuven（荷语鲁汶大学电气工程系(ESAT)）；Proximus Chair in Quantum Science and Technology, department of Electrical Engineering (ESAT), KU Leuven（荷语鲁汶大学电气工程系(ESAT)普洛克西穆斯量子科学与技术讲席）
We make use of a custom-designed cryo-CMOS multiplexer (MUX) to enable multiple quantum devices to be characterized in a single cool-down of a dilution refrigerator. Combined with a packaging approach that integrates cryo-CMOS chips and a hot-swappable, parallel device test platform, we describe how this setup takes a standard wiring configuration as input and expands the capability for batch-characterization of quantum devices at milli-Kelvin temperatures and high magnetic fields. The architecture of the cryo-CMOS multiplexer is discussed and performance benchmarked using few-electron quantum…
The need for larger mK cooling platforms is being driven by the desire to host ever growing numbers of cryogenic qubits in quantum computing platforms. As part of the Superconducting Quantum Materials and Systems Center at Fermilab funded through the Department of Energy under the National Quantum Initiative, we are developing a cryogenic platform capable of reaching millikelvin temperatures in an experimental volume of 2 meters diameter by approximately 1.5 meters in height. The platform is intended to host a three-dimensional qubit architecture based on superconducting radiofrequency acceler…
Frequency tunability of 3D microwave cavities opens up numerous possibilities for their use in hybrid quantum systems and related technologies. For many applications it is desirable to tune the resonance at cryogenic temperatures without mechanical actuation. We show that a superconducting 3D microwave cavity can be tuned at the percent level by taking advantage of the dielectric properties of superfluid $^4$He at milliKelvin temperatures, without affecting its intrinsic quality factor -- reaching $3\times10^5$ in the present experiment.
Optimising Cryogenic Wiring for Microwave-frequency Millikelvin Quantum Processors
Sydney Quantum Academy（悉尼量子学院）；Centre for Quantum Software & Information, School of Mathematical & Physical Sciences, University of Technology Sydney（悉尼科技大学数学与物理科学学院量子软件与信息研究中心）
Statistical evaluation of 571 GaAs quantum point contact transistors showing the 0.7 anomaly in quantized conductance using millikelvin cryogenic on-chip multiplexing
Systematic errors in qubit state preparation arise due to non-idealities in the qubit control lines such as impedance mismatch. Using a data-based methodology of short-open-load calibration at a temperature of 30 mK, we report calibrated 1-port scattering parameter data of individual qubit drive line components. At 5~GHz, cryogenic return losses of a 20-dB-attenuator, 10-dB-attenuator, a 230-mm-long 0.86-mm silver-plated cupronickel coaxial cable, and a 230-mm-long 0.86-mm NbTi coaxial cable were found to be 35$^{+3}_{-2}$ dB, 33$^{+3}_{-2}$ dB, 34$^{+3}_{-2}$ dB, and 29$^{+2}_{-1}$ dB respect…
Today's hundred-qubit quantum computers require a dramatic scale up to millions of qubits to become practical for solving real-world problems. Although a variety of qubit technologies have been demonstrated, scalability remains a major hurdle. Superconducting (SC) qubits are one of the most mature and promising technologies to overcome this challenge. However, these qubits reside in a millikelvin cryogenic dilution fridge, isolating them from thermal and electrical noise. They are controlled by a rack-full of external electronics through extremely complex wiring and cables. Although thousands …
A plug-and-play superconducting quantum controller at millikelvin temperatures enables exceeding 99.9% average gate fidelity
State Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuits, Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院上海微系统与信息研究所集成电路材料国家重点实验室）；University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学）；Graduate School of Science, Tokyo University of Science（东京理科大学理学部研究生院）；RIKEN Center for Quantum Computing (RQC)（理化学研究所量子计算中心）
A near-quantum-limited diamond maser amplifier operating at millikelvin temperatures
Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University（冲绳科学技术大学院大学）；National Tsing Hua University（国立清华大学）；Delft University of Technology（代尔夫特理工大学）；QuTech and Kavli Institute of Nanoscience（QuTech与卡弗里纳米科学研究所）；Liquid Instruments（液体仪器公司）；Brown University（布朗大学）
Low-loss waveguides are required for quantum communication at distances beyond the chip-scale for any low-temperature solid-state implementation of quantum information processors. We measure and analyze the attenuation constant of commercially available microwave-frequency waveguides down to millikelvin temperatures and single photon levels. More specifically, we characterize the frequency-dependent loss of a range of coaxial and rectangular microwave waveguides down to $0.005\,\rm{dB}/\rm{m}$ using a resonant-cavity technique. We study the loss tangent and relative permittivity of commonly us…
Hybrid quantum systems have the potential of mitigating current challenges in developing a scalable quantum computer. Of particular interest is the hybridization between atomic and superconducting qubits. We demonstrate a novel experimental setup for transferring and trapping ultracold atoms inside a millikelvin cryogenic environment, where interactions between atomic and superconducting qubits can be established, paving the way for hybrid quantum systems. $^{87}\text{Rb}$ atoms are prepared in a conventional magneto-optical trap and transported via a magnetic conveyor belt into a UHV compatib…
Solid-state qubits have recently advanced to the level that enables them, in-principle, to be scaled-up into fault-tolerant quantum computers. As these physical qubits continue to advance, meeting the challenge of realising a quantum machine will also require the engineering of new classical hardware and control architectures with complexity far beyond the systems used in today's few-qubit experiments. Here, we report a micro-architecture for controlling and reading out qubits during the execution of a quantum algorithm such as an error correcting code. We demonstrate the basic principles of t…
Traceable In Situ Microwave Power Measurement at the Cryogenic Device Plane in a Dilution Refrigerator
Politecnico di Torino（都灵理工大学）；University of Palermo（巴勒莫大学）；Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica (INRiM)（意大利国家计量研究所）；Università degli Studi di Pisa（比萨大学）
A scaled-up quantum computer will require a highly efficient control interface that autonomously manipulates and reads out large numbers of qubits, which for solid-state implementations are usually held at millikelvin (mK) temperatures. Advanced CMOS technology, tightly integrated with the quantum system, would be ideal for implementing such a control interface but is generally discounted on the basis of its power dissipation that leads to heating of the fragile qubits. Here, we demonstrate an ultra low power, CMOS-based quantum control platform that takes digital commands as input and generat…
Electromagnetic filtering is essential for the coherent control, operation and readout of superconducting quantum circuits at milliKelvin temperatures. The suppression of spurious modes around transition frequencies of a few GHz is well understood and mainly achieved by on-chip and package considerations. Noise photons of higher frequencies -- beyond the pair-breaking energies -- cause decoherence and require spectral engineering before reaching the packaged quantum chip. The external wires that pass into the refrigerator and go down to the quantum circuit provide a direct path for these photo…
Delivering on the revolutionary promise of a universal quantum computer will require processors with millions of quantum bits (qubits). In superconducting quantum processors, each qubit is individually addressed with microwave signal lines that connect room temperature electronics to the cryogenic environment of the quantum circuit. The complexity and heat load associated with the multiple coaxial lines per qubit limits the possible size of a processor to a few thousand qubits. Here we introduce a photonic link employing an optical fiber to guide modulated laser light from room temperature to …
Continuing advancements in quantum information processing have caused a paradigm shift from research mainly focused on testing the reality of quantum mechanics to engineering qubit devices with numbers required for practical quantum computation. One of the major challenges in scaling toward large-scale solid-state systems is the limited input/output (I/O) connectors present in cryostats operating at sub-kelvin temperatures required to execute quantum logic with high-fidelity. This interconnect bottleneck is equally present in the device fabrication-measurement cycle, which requires high-throug…
We review the recent progress in direct active cooling of the quantum-electric degrees freedom in engineered circuits, or quantum-circuit refrigeration. In 2017, the invention of a quantum-circuit refrigerator (QCR) based on photon-assisted tunneling of quasiparticles through a normal-metal--insulator--superconductor junction inspired a series of experimental studies demonstrating the following main properties: (i) the direct-current (dc) bias voltage of the junction can change the QCR-induced damping rate of a superconducting microwave resonator by orders of magnitude and give rise to non-tri…
Optimal operating temperature for industry-compatible silicon spin quantum computing: colder is not necessarily better
Diraq；School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, University of New South Wales（新南威尔士大学电气工程和电信学院）；Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LPMMC（格勒诺布尔阿尔卑斯大学、法国国家科学研究中心、低维磁性物理与材料实验室）；ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems, School of Physics, University of Sydney（悉尼大学物理学院、ARC工程量子系统卓越中心）
