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arXiv 2011.10999cond-mat.quant-gas
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硕士论文:弱相互作用自旋轨道耦合玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体的激发谱

Master's Thesis: Excitation Spectrum of a Weakly Interacting Spin-Orbit Coupled Bose-Einstein Condensate

Kristian Mæland

摘要:

研究了束缚在布拉维晶格上的弱相互作用、自旋-轨道耦合、双组分超冷玻色气体。受最近实验进展的启发,在该领域的综合自旋轨道耦合,超冷,中性原子气体显示玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚,一个分析框架来描述这样的系统在超流制度。这是适用于Rashba自旋轨道耦合玻色气体在二维光晶格。自旋轨道耦合下的玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚的奇异性质本身就是一个有趣的研究。此外,当引入光晶格时,该系统为许多凝聚态物理现象提供了高度可控的实验测试场。我们考虑了系统的五个相,得到了它们的激发谱、临界超流速度和自由能,在得到自由能时,考虑了哈密顿量中与激发算符成线性关系的项的影响,这些项以前在本文中没有研究过。在零温度下的自由能的最小化被用来确认在文献中,它通常是通过忽略激发的影响而获得的相图。相图中的平面波相和条纹波相是包含非零凝聚动量的超导体中Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov态的玻色子模拟。

英文摘要:

A weakly interacting, spin-orbit coupled, two-component, ultracold Bose gas bound to a Bravais lattice is studied. Motivated by recent experimental advances in the field of synthetically spin-orbit coupled, ultracold, neutral atomic gases showing Bose-Einstein condensation, an analytic framework with which to describe such systems in the superfluid regime is presented. This is applied to a Rashba spin-orbit-coupled Bose gas in a two-dimensional optical lattice. The exotic nature of Bose-Einstein condensation in the presence of spin-orbit coupling is an interesting study by itself. Additionally, when the optical lattice is introduced, the system provides a highly controllable experimental testing ground for numerous condensed matter physics phenomena. Five phases of the system are considered, and their excitation spectra, critical superfluid velocities and free energies are found. In obtaining the free energy, the effects of terms in the Hamiltonian that are linear in excitation operators are included, and such terms have not been studied previously in this context. Minimization of the free energy at zero temperature is used to confirm the phase diagrams reported in the literature, where it has usually been obtained by neglecting the effect of excitations. The plane and stripe wave phases in the phase diagram are bosonic analogues of Fulde-Ferrell-Larkin-Ovchinnikov states in superconductors involving nonzero condensate momenta.

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