For any orientable finite-volume hyperbolic 3-manifold, this paper proves that the profinite isomorphism type of the fundamental group uniquely determines the isomorphism type of the first integral cohomology, as marked with the Thurston norm and the fibered classes; moreover, up to finite ambiguity, the profinite isomorphism type determines the isomorphism type of the fundamental group, among the class of finitely generated 3-manifold groups.
This paper is a continuation of our previous work with Margalit where we studied group actions on projection complexes. In that paper, we demonstrated sufficient conditions so that the normal closure of a family of subgroups of vertex stabilizers is a free product of certain conjugates of these subgroups. In this paper, we study both the quotient of the projection complex by this normal subgroup and the action of the quotient group on the quotient of the projection complex. We show that under certain conditions that the quotient complex is $δ$-hyperbolic. Additionally, under certain circumstan…
We investigate relation between Dehn fillings and commensurability of hyperbolic 3-manifolds. The set consisting of the commensurability classes of hyperbolic 3-manifolds admits the quotient topology induced by the geometric topology. We show that this quotient space satisfies some separation axioms. Roughly speaking, this means that commensurablity classes are sparsely distributed in the space consisting of the hyperbolic 3-manifolds.
This paper completes a classification of the types of orientable and non-orientable cusps that can arise in the quotients of hyperbolic knot complements. In particular, $S^2(2,4,4)$ cannot be the cusp cross-section of any orbifold quotient of a hyperbolic knot complement. Furthermore, if a knot complement covers an orbifold with a $S^2(2,3,6)$ cusp, it also covers an orbifold with a $S^2(3,3,3)$ cusp. We end with a discussion that shows all cusp types arise in the quotients of link complements.
We analyze the orbifolds that can be obtained as quotients of hyperbolic 3-manifolds admitting a Heegaard splitting of genus two by their orientation preserving isometry groups. The genus two hyperbolic 3-manifolds are exactly the hyperbolic 2-fold branched coverings of 3-bridge links. If the 3-bridge link is a knot, we prove that the underlying topological space of the quotient orbifold is either the 3-sphere or a lens space and we describe the combinatorial setting of the singular set for each possible isometry group. In the case of 3-bridge links with two or three components, the situation …
Let I(p,v) be Bourdon's building, the unique simply-connected 2-complex such that all 2-cells are regular right-angled hyperbolic p-gons and the link at each vertex is the complete bipartite graph K(v,v). We investigate and mostly determine the set of triples (p,v,g) for which there exists a uniform lattice Γ in Aut(I(p,v)) such that Γ\I(p,v) is a compact orientable surface of genus g. Surprisingly, the existence of Γ depends upon the value of v. The remaining cases lead to open questions in tessellations of surfaces and in number theory. Our construction of Γ, together with a theorem of Haglu…
We determine the minimal volume of arithmetic hyperbolic orientable n-dimensional orbifolds (compact and non-compact) for every odd dimension n>3. Combined with the previously known results it solves the minimal volume problem for arithmetic hyperbolic n-orbifolds in all dimensions.
In this article we prove that the set of torsion-free groups acting by isometries on a hyperbolic metric space whose entropy is bounded above and with a compact quotient is finite. The number of such groups can be estimated in terms of the hyperbolicity constant and of an upper bound of the entropy of the space and of an upper bound of the diameter of its quotient. As a consequence we show that the set of non cyclic torsion-free $δ$-hyperbolic marked groups whose entropy is bounded above by a number $H$ is finite with cardinality depending on $δ$ and $H$ alone. From these results, we draw homo…
A group theoretic version of Dehn surgery is studied. Starting with an arbitrary relatively hyperbolic group $G$ we define a peripheral filling procedure, which produces quotients of $G$ by imitating the effect of the Dehn filling of a complete finite volume hyperbolic 3--manifold $M$ on the fundamental group $π_1(M)$. The main result of the paper is an algebraic counterpart of Thurston's hyperbolic Dehn surgery theorem. We also show that peripheral subgroups of $G$ 'almost' have the Congruence Extension Property and the group $G$ is approximated (in an algebraic sense) by its quotients obtain…
We prove that the profinite completion of the fundamental group of a compact 3-manifold $M$ satisfies a Tits alternative: if a closed subgroup $H$ does not contain a free pro-$p$ subgroup for any $p$, then $H$ is virtually soluble, and furthermore of a very particular form. In particular, the profinite completion of the fundamental group of a closed, hyperbolic 3-manifold does not contain a subgroup isomorphic to $\hat{\mathbb{Z}}^2$. This gives a profinite characterization of hyperbolicity among irreducible 3-manifolds. We also characterize Seifert fibred 3-manifolds as precisely those for wh…
In this paper, we study punctured spheres in two dimensional ball quotient compactifications $(X, D)$. For example, we show that smooth toroidal compactifications of ball quotients cannot contain properly holomorphically embedded $3$-punctured spheres. We also use totally geodesic punctured spheres to prove ampleness of $K_X + αD$ for $α\in (\frac{1}{4}, 1)$, giving a sharp version of a theorem of the first author with G. Di Cerbo. Finally, we produce the first examples of bielliptic ball quotient compactifications modeled on the Gaussian integers.
In this paper we create many examples of hyperbolic groups with subgroups satisfying interesting finiteness properties. We give the first examples of subgroups of hyperbolic groups which are of type $FP_2$ but not finitely presented. We give uncountably many groups of type $FP_2$ with similar properties to those subgroups of hyperbolic groups. Along the way we create more subgroups of hyperbolic groups which are finitely presented but not of type $FP_3$.
Let $n, k \geq 3$. In this paper, we analyse the quotient group $B\_n/Γ\_k(P\_n)$ of the Artin braid group $B\_n$ by the subgroup $Γ\_k(P\_n)$ belonging to the lower central series of the Artin pure braid group $P\_n$. We prove that it is an almost-crystallographic group. We then focus more specifically on the case $k=3$. If $n \geq 5$, and if $τ\in N$ is such that $gcd(τ, 6) = 1$, we show that $B\_n/Γ\_3 (P\_n)$ possesses torsion $τ$ if and only if $S\_n$ does, and we prove that there is a one-to-one correspondence between the conjugacy classes of elements of order $τ$ in $B\_n/Γ\_3 (P\_n)$ w…
Let $G = \langle A,B \rangle$ be a non-elementary two generator subgroup of the isometry group of $\mathbb{H}^2$, the hyperbolic plane. If $G$ is discrete and free and geometrically finite, its quotient is a pair of pants and in prior work we produced a formula for the number of essential self intersections (ESIs) of any primitive geodesic on the quotient. An ESI is a point where the geodesic has a self-intersection on a seam. Self-intersections of geodesics on arbitrary hyperbolic surfaces have recently been studied by Basmajian and Chas. Here we extend our results to two generator subgroups …
We prove that for a one-ended hyperbolic graph $X$, the size of the quotient $X/G$ by a group $G$ acting freely and cocompactly bounds from below the number of simplices in an Eilenberg-MacLane space for $G$. We apply this theorem to show that one-ended hyperbolic cubulated groups (or more generally, one-ended hyperbolic groups with globally stable cylinders à la Rips-Sela) cannot contain isomorphic finite-index subgroups of different indices.
Given any connected compact orientable surface, a pair of mapping classes are said to be procongruently conjugate if they induce a conjugate pair of outer automophisms on the profinite completion of the fundamental group of the surface. For example, this occurs if they induce conjugate outer automorphisms on every characteristic finite quotient of the fundamental group. In this paper, it is shown that every procongruent conjugacy class of mapping classes, as a subset of the surface mapping class group, is the disjoint union of at most finitely many conjugacy classes of mapping classes. For any…
In this paper we show how to obtain representations of Coxeter groups acting on H^n to certain classical groups. We determine when the kernel of such a representation is torsion-free and thus the quotient a hyperbolic n-manifold.
A well-known question asks whether any two non-isometric finite volume hyperbolic 3-manifolds are distinguished from each other by the finite quotients of their fundamental groups. At present, this has been proved only when one of the manifolds is a once-punctured torus bundle over the circle. We give substantial computational evidence in support of a positive answer, by showing that no two manifolds in the SnapPea census of 72 942 finite volume hyperbolic 3-manifolds have the same finite quotients.
We give generators for a certain complex hyperbolic braid group. That is, we remove a hyperplane arrangement from complex hyperbolic $13$-space, take the quotient of the remaining space by a discrete group, and find generators for the orbifold fundamental group of the quotient. These generators have the most natural form: loops corresponding to the hyperplanes which come nearest the basepoint. Our results support the conjecture that motivated this study, the "monstrous proposal", which posits a relationship between this braid group and the monster finite simple group.
We give a criterion for distinguishing a prime knot $K$ in $S^3$ from every other knot in $S^3$ using the finite quotients of $π_1(S^3\setminus K)$. Using recent work of Baldwin-Sivek, we apply this criterion to the hyperbolic knots $5_2$, $15n_{43522}$, and the three-strand pretzel knots $P(-3,3,2n+1)$ for every integer $n$.
Let S be a closed surface of genus at least 2. We show that a finitely generated group G which is an extension of the fundamental group H of S is word hyperbolic if and only the orbit map of the quotient group G/H on the complex of curves is a quasi-isometric embedding.This in turn is equivalent to G/H being convex cocompact in the sense of Farb and Mosher.
We prove that for a relatively hyperbolic group G there is a sequence of relatively hyperbolic proper quotients such that their growth rates converge to the growth rate of G. Under natural assumptions, the same conclusion holds for the critical exponent of a cusp-uniform action of G on a hyperbolic metric space. As a corollary, we obtain that the critical exponent of a torsion-free geometrically finite Kleinian group can be arbitrarily approximated by those of quotient groups. This resolves a question of Dal'bo-Peigné-Picaud-Sambusetti. Our approach is based on the study of Patterson-Sullivan …
We give the first examples of closed fibered hyperbolic 3-manifolds whose fundamental groups are distinguished from every other finitely generated, residually finite group by their finite quotients. One of the examples is also the first example of a non-orientable profinitely rigid hyperbolic 3-manifold.
It is conjectured that the central quotient of every irreducible Artin group is either virtually cyclic or acylindrically hyperbolic. We prove this conjecture for Artin groups associated to triangle-free graphs and Artin groups of large type associated to cones over square-free bipartite graphs. In fact, we treat Artin groups that are known to be CAT(0) groups by a result of Brady and McCammond.
We prove that every countable family of countable acylindrically hyperbolic groups has a common finitely generated acylindrically hyperbolic quotient. As an application, we obtain an acylindrically hyperbolic group $Q$ with strong fixed point properties: $Q$ has property $FL^p$ for all $p\in [1, +\infty)$, and every action of $Q$ on a finite dimensional contractible topological space has a fixed point. In addition, $Q$ has other properties which are rather unusual for groups exhibiting "hyperbolic-like" behaviour. E.g., $Q$ is not uniformly non-amenable and has finite generating sets with arbi…
We discuss a problem posed by Gersten: Is every automatic group which does not contain Z+Z subgroup, hyperbolic? To study this question, we define the notion of "n-tracks of length n", which is a structure like Z+Z, and prove its existence in the non-hyperbolic automatic groups with mild conditions. As an application, we show that if a group acts effectively, cellularly, properly discontinuously and cocompactly on a CAT(0) cube complex and its quotient is "weakly special", then the above question is answered affirmatively.
Let M be a closed hyperbolic three manifold. We construct closed surfaces which map by immersions into M so that for each one the corresponding mapping on the universal covering spaces is an embedding, or, in other words, the corresponding induced mapping on fundamental groups is an injection.
A classic theorem of Kazhdan and Margulis states that for any semisimple Lie group without compact factors, there is a positive lower bound on the covolume of lattices. H. C. Wang's subsequent quantitative analysis showed that the fundamental domain of any lattice contains a ball whose radius depends only on the group itself. A direct consequence is a positive minimum volume for orbifolds modeled on the corresponding symmetric space. However, sharp bounds are known only for hyperbolic orbifolds of dimensions two and three, and recently for quaternionic hyperbolic orbifolds of all dimensions. A…
We apply G. Prasad's volume formula for the arithmetic quotients of semi-simple groups and Bruhat-Tits theory to study the covolumes of arithmetic subgroups of SO(1,n). As a result we prove that for any even dimension n there exists a unique compact arithmetic hyperbolic n-orbifold of the smallest volume. We give a formula for the Euler-Poincare characteristic of the orbifolds and present an explicit description of their fundamental groups as the stabilizers of certain lattices in quadratic spaces. We also study hyperbolic 4-manifolds defined arithmetically and obtain a number theoretical char…
These revised lecture notes are an expository account of part of the proof of Thurston's Ending Lamination Conjecture for Kleinian surface groups, which states that such groups are uniquely determined by invariants that describe the asymptotic structure of the ends of their quotient manifolds.
We show that the 1-cusped quotient of the hyperbolic space $\mathbb{H}^3$ by the tetrahedral Coxeter group $Γ_*=[5,3,6]$ has minimal volume among all non-arithmetic cusped hyperbolic 3-orbifolds, and as such it is uniquely determined. Furthermore, the lattice $Γ_*$ is incommensurable to any Gromov-Piatetski-Shapiro type lattice. Our methods have their origin in the work of C. Adams. We extend considerably this approach via the geometry of the underlying horoball configuration induced by a cusp.
We reinterpret the renormalized volume as the asymptotic difference of the isoperimetric profiles for convex co-compact hyperbolic 3-manifolds. By similar techniques we also prove a sharp Minkowski inequality for horospherically convex sets in $\mathbb{H}^3$. Finally, we include the classification of stable constant mean curvature surfaces in regions bounded by two geodesic planes in $\mathbb{H}^3$ or in cyclic quotients of $\mathbb{H}^3$.
We study the variance of a linear statistic of the Laplace eigenvalues on a hyperbolic surface, when the surface varies over the moduli space of all surfaces of fixed genus, sampled at random according to the Weil-Petersson measure. The ensemble variance of the linear statistic was recently shown to coincide with that of the corresponding statistic in the Gaussian Orthogonal Ensemble (GOE) of random matrix theory, in the double limit of first taking large genus and then shrinking size of the energy window. In this note we show that in this same limit, the energy variance for a typical surface …
