Wayne State Univ.（韦恩州立大学）；NanoBioScience Institute, Wayne State Univ.（韦恩州立大学纳米生物科学研究所）；University of Michigan（密歇根大学）；Henry Ford Health System（亨利福特医疗系统）
Haikal Abdulah, Benjamin Huber, Sinan Lal, Hassan Abdallah, Hamid Soltanian-Zadeh, Domenico L. Gatti
Deep Neural Networks (DNN) are widely used to carry out segmentation tasks in biomedical images. Most DNNs developed for this purpose are based on some variation of the encoder-decoder U-Net architecture. Here we show that Res-CR-Net, a new type of fully convolutional neural network, which was originally developed for the semantic segmentation of microscopy images, and which does not adopt a U-Net architecture, is very effective at segmenting the lung fields in chest X-rays from either healthy patients or patients with a variety of lung pathologies.
Lung nodules can be an alarming precursor to potential lung cancer. Missed nodule detections during chest radiograph analysis remains a common challenge among thoracic radiologists. In this work, we present a multi-task lung nodule detection algorithm for chest radiograph analysis. Unlike past approaches, our algorithm predicts a global-level label indicating nodule presence along with local-level labels predicting nodule locations using a Dual Head Network (DHN). We demonstrate the favorable nodule detection performance that our multi-task formulation yields in comparison to conventional meth…
Underestimation of lung regions on chest X-ray segmentation masks assessed by comparison with total lung volume evaluated on computed tomography
Medical University of Warsaw（华沙医科大学）；Warsaw University of Technology（华沙理工大学）；MI2.ai；University of Amsterdam（阿姆斯特丹大学）；Amsterdam University Medical Center（阿姆斯特丹大学医学中心）；Medical University of Silesia（西里西亚医科大学）；University of Warsaw（华沙大学）
Kamnoetvidya Science Academy（甘烹碧科学学院）；National Electronics and Computer Technology Center（泰国国家电子和计算机技术中心）；Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology（瓦莱拉克科学技术研究院）
Since, cancer is curable when diagnosed at an early stage, lung cancer screening plays an important role in preventive care. Although both low dose computed tomography (LDCT) and computed tomography (CT) scans provide more medical information than normal chest x-rays, there is very limited access to these technologies in rural areas. Recently, there is a trend in using computer-aided diagnosis (CADx) to assist in screening and diagnosing of cancer from biomedical images. In this study, the 121-layer convolutional neural network also known as DenseNet-121 by G. Huang et. al., along with the tra…
University of Technology Sydney（悉尼科技大学）；IBM Australia Limited（IBM澳大利亚有限公司）；Sejong University（世宗大学）；Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia（马来西亚国民大学）；Charles Sturt University（查尔斯特大学）
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death and morbidity worldwide. Many studies have shown machine learning models to be effective at detecting lung nodules from chest X-ray images. However, these techniques have yet to be embraced by the medical community due to several practical, ethical, and regulatory constraints stemming from the black-box nature of deep learning models. Additionally, most lung nodules visible on chest X-ray are benign; therefore, the narrow task of computer vision-based lung nodule detection cannot be equated to automated lung cancer detection. Addressing both con…
Total lung volume is an important quantitative biomarker and is used for the assessment of restrictive lung diseases. In this study, we investigate the performance of several deep-learning approaches for automated measurement of total lung volume from chest radiographs. 7621 posteroanterior and lateral view chest radiographs (CXR) were collected from patients with chest CT available. Similarly, 928 CXR studies were chosen from patients with pulmonary function test (PFT) results. The reference total lung volume was calculated from lung segmentation on CT or PFT data, respectively. This dataset …
Bharti School of Telecommunications Technology & Management, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi（印度理工学院德里分校巴蒂电信技术与管理学院）；Teleradiology Solutions（远程放射学解决方案公司）；CSIR-Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology（CSIR基因组学与整合生物学研究所）；Christian Medical College, Vellore（韦洛尔基督教医学院）
A chest radiograph, commonly called chest x-ray (CxR), plays a vital role in the diagnosis of various lung diseases, such as lung cancer, tuberculosis, pneumonia, and many more. Automated segmentation of the lungs is an important step to design a computer-aided diagnostic tool for examination of a CxR. Precise lung segmentation is considered extremely challenging because of variance in the shape of the lung caused by health issues, age, and gender. The proposed work investigates the use of an efficient deep convolutional neural network for accurate segmentation of lungs from CxR. We attempt an…
National University of Sciences and Technology（国立科技大学）
An essential stage in computer aided diagnosis of chest X rays is automated lung segmentation. Due to rib cages and the unique modalities of each persons lungs, it is essential to construct an effective automated lung segmentation model. This paper presents a reliable model for the segmentation of lungs in chest radiographs. Our model overcomes the challenges by learning to ignore unimportant areas in the source Chest Radiograph and emphasize important features for lung segmentation. We evaluate our model on public datasets, Montgomery and Shenzhen. The proposed model has a DICE coefficient of…
Automated segmentation of Lungs plays a crucial role in the computer-aided diagnosis of chest X-Ray (CXR) images. Developing an efficient Lung segmentation model is challenging because of difficulties such as the presence of several edges at the rib cage and clavicle, inconsistent lung shape among different individuals, and the appearance of the lung apex. In this paper, we propose a robust model for Lung segmentation in Chest Radiographs. Our model learns to ignore the irrelevant regions in an input Chest Radiograph while highlighting regions useful for lung segmentation. The proposed model i…
Saratoga High School（萨拉托加高中）；Stanford University（斯坦福大学）
Chest X-rays of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients are frequently obtained to determine the extent of lung disease and are a valuable source of data for creating artificial intelligence models. Most work to date assessing disease severity on chest imaging has focused on segmenting computed tomography (CT) images; however, given that CTs are performed much less frequently than chest X-rays for COVID-19 patients, automated lung lesion segmentation on chest X-rays could be clinically valuable. There currently exists a universal shortage of chest X-rays with ground truth COVID-19 lung le…
Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine（京都大学医学研究科）
Rationale and objectives: Several studies have evaluated the usefulness of deep learning for lung segmentation using chest x-ray (CXR) images with small- or medium-sized abnormal findings. Here, we built a database including both CXR images with severe abnormalities and experts' lung segmentation results, and aimed to evaluate our network's efficacy in lung segmentation from these images. Materials and Methods: For lung segmentation, CXR images from the Japanese Society of Radiological Technology (JSRT, N = 247) and Montgomery databases (N = 138), were included, and 65 additional images depict…
The abundance of overlapping anatomical structures appearing in chest radiographs can reduce the performance of lung pathology detection by automated algorithms (CAD) as well as the human reader. In this paper, we present a deep learning based image processing technique for enhancing the contrast of soft lung structures in chest radiographs using Fully Convolutional Neural Networks (FCNN). Two 2D FCNN architectures were trained to accomplish the task: The first performs 2D lung segmentation which is used for normalization of the lung area. The second FCNN is trained to extract lung structures.…
AI Research Group, Institute of Mathematics（人工智能研究组，数学研究所）；Eötvös Loránd University（罗兰大学）
Chest X-ray is the most common test among medical imaging modalities. It is applied for detection and differentiation of, among others, lung cancer, tuberculosis, and pneumonia, the last with importance due to the COVID-19 disease. Integrating computer-aided detection methods into the radiologist diagnostic pipeline, greatly reduces the doctors' workload, increasing reliability and quantitative analysis. Here we present a novel deep learning approach for lung segmentation, a basic, but arduous task in the diagnostic pipeline. Our method uses state-of-the-art fully convolutional neural networks…
PURPOSE: This study aimed to develop a deep learning-based tool to detect and localize lung nodules with chest radiographs(CXRs). We expected it to enhance the efficiency of interpreting CXRs and reduce the possibilities of delayed diagnosis of lung cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We collected CXRs from NCKUH database and VBD, an open-source medical image dataset, as our training and validation data. A number of CXRs from the Ministry of Health and Welfare(MOHW) database served as our test data. We built a segmentation model to identify lung areas from CXRs, and sliced them into 16 patches. Phy…
New York University（纽约大学）；Manipal Institute of Technology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education（马尼帕尔高等教育学院马尼帕尔理工学院）；Columbia University（哥伦比亚大学）
Biomedical image segmentation is one of the fastest growing fields which has seen extensive automation through the use of Artificial Intelligence. This has enabled widespread adoption of accurate techniques to expedite the screening and diagnostic processes which would otherwise take several days to finalize. In this paper, we present an end-to-end pipeline to segment lungs from chest X-ray images, training the neural network model on the Japanese Society of Radiological Technology (JSRT) dataset, using UNet to enable faster processing of initial screening for various lung disorders. The pipel…
As the COVID-19 pandemic aggravated the excessive workload of doctors globally, the demand for computer aided methods in medical imaging analysis increased even further. Such tools can result in more robust diagnostic pipelines which are less prone to human errors. In our paper, we present a deep neural network to which we refer to as Attention BCDU-Net, and apply it to the task of lung and heart segmentation from chest X-ray (CXR) images, a basic but ardous step in the diagnostic pipeline, for instance for the detection of cardiomegaly. We show that the fine-tuned model exceeds previous state…
Stony Brook University（石溪大学）；Newark Beth Israel Medical Center（纽瓦克贝斯以色列医疗中心）；University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center（克利夫兰大学医院医疗中心）
Well-labeled datasets of chest radiographs (CXRs) are difficult to acquire due to the high cost of annotation. Thus, it is desirable to learn a robust and transferable representation in an unsupervised manner to benefit tasks that lack labeled data. Unlike natural images, medical images have their own domain prior; e.g., we observe that many pulmonary diseases, such as the COVID-19, manifest as changes in the lung tissue texture rather than the anatomical structure. Therefore, we hypothesize that studying only the texture without the influence of structure variations would be advantageous for …
COVID-19, also known as Novel Coronavirus Disease, is a highly contagious disease that first surfaced in China in late 2019. SARS-CoV-2 is a coronavirus that belongs to the vast family of coronaviruses that causes this disease. The sickness originally appeared in Wuhan, China in December 2019 and quickly spread to over 213 nations, becoming a global pandemic. Fever, dry cough, and tiredness are the most typical COVID-19 symptoms. Aches, pains, and difficulty breathing are some of the other symptoms that patients may face. The majority of these symptoms are indicators of respiratory infections …
University of Michigan（密歇根大学）；Henry Ford Health System（亨利·福特医疗系统）；Molecular Medicine Institute（分子医学研究所）
CXR-Net is a two-module Artificial Intelligence pipeline for the quick detection of SARS-CoV-2 from chest X-rays (CXRs). Module 1 was trained on a public dataset of 6395 CXRs with radiologist annotated lung contours to generate masks of the lungs that overlap the heart and large vasa. Module 2 is a hybrid convnet in which the first convolutional layer with learned coefficients is replaced by a layer with fixed coefficients provided by the Wavelet Scattering Transform (WST). Module 2 takes as inputs the patients CXRs and corresponding lung masks calculated by Module 1, and produces as outputs a…
COMSATS University Islamabad（伊斯兰堡COMSATS大学）；Bacha Khan University（巴查汗大学）；Chung-Ang University（中央大学）；University of Malaya（马来亚大学）；University Malaysia Sabah（马来西亚沙巴大学）；Institute of Space Technology（空间技术研究所）
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has already taken millions of lives and damaged economies across the globe. Most COVID-19 deaths and economic losses are reported from densely crowded cities. It is comprehensible that the effective control and prevention of epidemic/pandemic infectious diseases is vital. According to WHO, testing and diagnosis is the best strategy to control pandemics. Scientists worldwide are attempting to develop various innovative and cost-efficient methods to speed up the testing process. This paper comprehensively evaluates the applicability of the recent top ten state-of-th…
University of Copenhagen（哥本哈根大学）；Cerebriu AS（Cerebriu公司）；Technical University of Denmark（丹麦技术大学）
Pulmonary opacification is the inflammation in the lungs caused by many respiratory ailments, including the novel corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Chest X-rays (CXRs) with such opacifications render regions of lungs imperceptible, making it difficult to perform automated image analysis on them. In this work, we focus on segmenting lungs from such abnormal CXRs as part of a pipeline aimed at automated risk scoring of COVID-19 from CXRs. We treat the high opacity regions as missing data and present a modified CNN-based image segmentation network that utilizes a deep generative model for dat…
School of Professional Studies（专业研究学院）；Northwestern University（西北大学）
Artificial intelligence (AI) is disrupting the medical field as advances in modern technology allow common household computers to learn anatomical and pathological features that distinguish between healthy and disease with the accuracy of highly specialized, trained physicians. Computer vision AI applications use medical imaging, such as lung chest X-Rays (LCXRs), to facilitate diagnoses by providing second-opinions in addition to a physician's or radiologist's interpretation. Considering the advent of the current Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, LCXRs may provide rapid insights to ind…
Silesian University of Technology（西里西亚理工大学）；Medical University of Silesia（西里西亚医科大学）；Voivodship Specialist Hospital（省专科医院）；Central Clinical Hospital of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Administration（内务与行政部中央临床医院）；Jagiellonian University Medical College（雅盖隆大学医学院）；Kujawsko-Pomorskie Pulmonology Center（库亚维-波美拉尼亚肺病中心）；Silesian Hospital（西里西亚医院）；Medical University of Warsaw（华沙医科大学）；Nicolaus Copernicus University（尼古拉斯·哥白尼大学）；Medical University of Bialystok（比亚韦斯托克医科大学）；Wroclaw Medical University（弗罗茨瓦夫医科大学）；Czerniakowski Hospital（切尔尼亚科夫斯基医院）；MEGREZ Hospital（MEGREZ医院）；Medical University of Gdansk（格但斯克医科大学）；Yale School of Medicine（耶鲁大学医学院）；The Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology（玛丽·斯克沃多夫斯卡-居里国家肿瘤研究所）
The outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has put healthcare systems worldwide to their limits, resulting in increased waiting time for diagnosis and required medical assistance. With chest radiographs (CXR) being one of the most common COVID-19 diagnosis methods, many artificial intelligence tools for image-based COVID-19 detection have been developed, often trained on a small number of images from COVID-19-positive patients. Thus, the need for high-quality and well-annotated CXR image databases increased. This paper introduces POLCOVID dataset, containing chest X-ray (CXR) images of patients w…
Concordia University（康考迪亚大学）；Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre（桑尼布鲁克健康科学中心）；University of Toronto（多伦多大学）；McGill University（麦吉尔大学）
Novel Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a highly contagious respiratory infection that has had devastating effects on the world. Recently, new COVID-19 variants are emerging making the situation more challenging and threatening. Evaluation and quantification of COVID-19 lung abnormalities based on chest Computed Tomography (CT) scans can help determining the disease stage, efficiently allocating limited healthcare resources, and making informed treatment decisions. During pandemic era, however, visual assessment and quantification of COVID-19 lung lesions by expert radiologists become expensiv…
Suppression of thoracic bone shadows on chest X-rays (CXRs) has been indicated to improve the diagnosis of pulmonary disease. Previous approaches can be categorized as unsupervised physical and supervised deep learning models. Nevertheless, with physical models able to preserve morphological details but at the cost of extremely long processing time, existing DL methods face challenges of gathering sufficient/qualitative ground truth (GT) for robust training, thus leading to failure in maintaining clinically acceptable false positive rates. We hereby propose a generalizable yet efficient workfl…
National Research Council Canada（加拿大国家研究委员会）；University of Waterloo（滑铁卢大学）；Ford Motor Company（福特汽车公司）
Chest radiography is an effective screening tool for diagnosing pulmonary diseases. In computer-aided diagnosis, extracting the relevant region of interest, i.e., isolating the lung region of each radiography image, can be an essential step towards improved performance in diagnosing pulmonary disorders. Methods: In this work, we propose a deep learning approach to enhance abnormal chest x-ray (CXR) identification performance through segmentations. Our approach is designed in a cascaded manner and incorporates two modules: a deep neural network with criss-cross attention modules (XLSor) for loc…
COMSATS University Islamabad（COMSATS伊斯兰堡大学）；National University of Ireland, Galway（爱尔兰国立高威大学）；Umeå University（于默奥大学）
Chest X-ray (CXR) is a low-cost medical imaging technique. It is a common procedure for the identification of many respiratory diseases compared to MRI, CT, and PET scans. This paper presents the use of generative adversarial networks (GAN) to perform the task of lung segmentation on a given CXR. GANs are popular to generate realistic data by learning the mapping from one domain to another. In our work, the generator of the GAN is trained to generate a segmented mask of a given input CXR. The discriminator distinguishes between a ground truth and the generated mask, and updates the generator t…
National Technical University of Ukraine "Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute"（乌克兰国立技术大学“伊戈尔·西科斯基基辅理工学院”）；Huizhou University（惠州学院）
The recent progress of computing, machine learning, and especially deep learning, for image recognition brings a meaningful effect for automatic detection of various diseases from chest X-ray images (CXRs). Here efficiency of lung segmentation and bone shadow exclusion techniques is demonstrated for analysis of 2D CXRs by deep learning approach to help radiologists identify suspicious lesions and nodules in lung cancer patients. Training and validation was performed on the original JSRT dataset (dataset #01), BSE-JSRT dataset, i.e. the same JSRT dataset, but without clavicle and rib shadows (d…
Sheikh Zayed Institute for Pediatric Surgical Innovation, Children’s National Health System（儿童国家卫生系统谢赫扎耶德儿科外科创新研究所）；Children’s National Health System（儿童国家卫生系统）；San Francisco State University（旧金山州立大学）；School of Medicine and Health Sciences, George Washington University（乔治华盛顿大学医学与健康科学学院）
Computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) techniques for lung field segmentation from chest radiographs (CXR) have been proposed for adult cohorts, but rarely for pediatric subjects. Statistical shape models (SSMs), the workhorse of most state-of-the-art CXR-based lung field segmentation methods, do not efficiently accommodate shape variation of the lung field during the pediatric developmental stages. The main contributions of our work are: (1) a generic lung field segmentation framework from CXR accommodating large shape variation for adult and pediatric cohorts; (2) a deep representation learning dete…
Vanderbilt University（范德堡大学）；Vanderbilt University Medical Center（范德堡大学医学中心）
Clinical data elements (CDEs) (e.g., age, smoking history), blood markers and chest computed tomography (CT) structural features have been regarded as effective means for assessing lung cancer risk. These independent variables can provide complementary information and we hypothesize that combining them will improve the prediction accuracy. In practice, not all patients have all these variables available. In this paper, we propose a new network design, termed as multi-path multi-modal missing network (M3Net), to integrate the multi-modal data (i.e., CDEs, biomarker and CT image) considering mis…
Automated diagnosis of lung diseases using vision transformer: a comparative study on chest x-ray classification
Centro de Investigación en Computación, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (CIC-IPN)（墨西哥国立理工学院计算机研究中心）；Grand Asian University of Sialkot（锡亚尔科特大亚洲大学）；The Islamia University of Bahawalpur（巴哈瓦尔布尔伊斯兰大学）；Zhejiang Normal University（浙江师范大学）；Leads University Lahore（拉合尔利兹大学）
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill（北卡罗来纳大学教堂山分校）；Kitware, Inc.（Kitware公司）
Registration is widely used in image-guided therapy and image-guided surgery to estimate spatial correspondences between organs of interest between planning and treatment images. However, while high-quality computed tomography (CT) images are often available at planning time, limited angle acquisitions are frequently used during treatment because of radiation concerns or imaging time constraints. This requires algorithms to register CT images based on limited angle acquisitions. We, therefore, formulate a 3D/2D registration approach which infers a 3D deformation based on measured projections a…
Deep learning-based lung segmentation and automatic regional template in chest X-ray images for pediatric tuberculosis
Universidad Politécnica de Madrid（马德里理工大学）；CIBER-BBN（生物工程、生物材料与纳米医学网络研究中心）；Children’s National Hospital（国家儿童医院）；George Washington University School of Medicine（乔治华盛顿大学医学院）；ISGlobal（巴塞罗那全球健康研究所）；Hospital Clínic（巴塞罗那临床医院）；Universitat de Barcelona（巴塞罗那大学）；Stellenbosch University（斯泰伦博斯大学）
Objectives: To compare artificial intelligence (AI) as a second reader in detecting lung nodules on chest X-rays (CXR) versus radiologists of two binational institutions, and to evaluate AI performance when using two different modes: automated versus assisted (additional remote radiologist review). Methods: The CXR public database (n = 247) of the Japanese Society of Radiological Technology with various types and sizes of lung nodules was analyzed. Eight radiologists evaluated the CXR images with regard to the presence of lung nodules and nodule conspicuity. After radiologist review, the AI so…
University of Dhaka（达卡大学）；Qatar University（卡塔尔大学）；Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University（邦班杜·谢赫·穆吉布医科大学）；Hamad General Hospital（哈马德综合医院）；Weill Cornell Medicine – Qatar（威尔康奈尔医学院卡塔尔分校）；Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia（马来西亚国民大学）；North South University（北南大学）；College of Engineering, Qatar University（卡塔尔大学工程学院）
Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic lung disease that occurs due to bacterial infection and is one of the top 10 leading causes of death. Accurate and early detection of TB is very important, otherwise, it could be life-threatening. In this work, we have detected TB reliably from the chest X-ray images using image pre-processing, data augmentation, image segmentation, and deep-learning classification techniques. Several public databases were used to create a database of 700 TB infected and 3500 normal chest X-ray images for this study. Nine different deep CNNs (ResNet18, ResNet50, ResNet101, ChexNe…
University of Waterloo（滑铁卢大学）；DarwinAI Corp.（DarwinAI公司）；Stony Brook School of Medicine（石溪大学医学院）；Montefiore Medical Center（蒙蒂菲奥里医疗中心）；Albert Einstein College of Medicine（阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦医学院）
Background: A critical step in effective care and treatment planning for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the cause of the COVID-19 pandemic, is the assessment of the severity of disease progression. Chest x-rays (CXRs) are often used to assess SARS-CoV-2 severity, with two important assessment metrics being extent of lung involvement and degree of opacity. In this proof-of-concept study, we assess the feasibility of computer-aided scoring of CXRs of SARS-CoV-2 lung disease severity using a deep learning system. Materials and Methods: Data consisted of 396 CXRs fro…
Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee（印度理工学院鲁尔基分校）；National Institute of Technology Delhi（印度德里国家技术学院）
Background and Objective: Artificial intelligence (AI) methods coupled with biomedical analysis has a critical role during pandemics as it helps to release the overwhelming pressure from healthcare systems and physicians. As the ongoing COVID-19 crisis worsens in countries having dense populations and inadequate testing kits like Brazil and India, radiological imaging can act as an important diagnostic tool to accurately classify covid-19 patients and prescribe the necessary treatment in due time. With this motivation, we present our study based on deep learning architecture for detecting covi…
University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf（汉堡-埃彭多夫大学医学中心）；Hamburg University of Technology（汉堡工业大学）；Forschungszentrum Medizintechnik Hamburg（汉堡医学技术研究中心）；Philips Research（飞利浦研究院）
Chest radiography is the most common clinical examination type. To improve the quality of patient care and to reduce workload, methods for automatic pathology classification have been developed. In this contribution we investigate the usefulness of two advanced image pre-processing techniques, initially developed for image reading by radiologists, for the performance of Deep Learning methods. First, we use bone suppression, an algorithm to artificially remove the rib cage. Secondly, we employ an automatic lung field detection to crop the image to the lung area. Furthermore, we consider the com…
Universidade Estadual de Maringá（马里兰州立大学）；Instituto Federal do Paraná（巴拉那联邦学院）；Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná（巴拉那联邦理工大学）；Universidade Federal do Paraná（巴拉那联邦大学）；Università Degli Studi di Padova（帕多瓦大学）；Universidade Federal de Pernambuco（伯南布哥联邦大学）
COVID-19 frequently provokes pneumonia, which can be diagnosed using imaging exams. Chest X-ray (CXR) is often useful because it is cheap, fast, widespread, and uses less radiation. Here, we demonstrate the impact of lung segmentation in COVID-19 identification using CXR images and evaluate which contents of the image influenced the most. Semantic segmentation was performed using a U-Net CNN architecture, and the classification using three CNN architectures (VGG, ResNet, and Inception). Explainable Artificial Intelligence techniques were employed to estimate the impact of segmentation. A three…
Full-resolution Lung Nodule Segmentation from Chest X-ray Images using Residual Encoder-Decoder Networks
University of Technology Sydney（悉尼科技大学）；IBM Australia Limited（IBM澳大利亚有限公司）；University of New England（新英格兰大学）；Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia（马来西亚国民大学）；Charles Sturt University（查尔斯斯特大学）；Westmead Hospital（韦斯特米德医院）；Cogninet Australia（科尼尼特澳大利亚公司）；University of Southern Queensland（南昆士兰大学）；Data Science Institute, University of Technology Sydney（悉尼科技大学数据科学学院）
University of Campinas - UNICAMP（坎皮纳斯大学（UNICAMP））；Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna（博洛尼亚大学（Alma Mater Studiorum））；Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia（意大利技术研究院）
Purpose: we evaluated the generalization capability of deep neural networks (DNNs), trained to classify chest X-rays as Covid-19, normal or pneumonia, using a relatively small and mixed dataset. Methods: we proposed a DNN to perform lung segmentation and classification, stacking a segmentation module (U-Net), an original intermediate module and a classification module (DenseNet201). To evaluate generalization, we tested the DNN with an external dataset (from distinct localities) and used Bayesian inference to estimate probability distributions of performance metrics. Results: our DNN achieved …
Leveraging Anatomical Constraints with Uncertainty for Pneumothorax Segmentation
Duke-NUS Medical School（杜克-新加坡国立大学医学院）；Duke University（杜克大学）；Singapore General Hospital（新加坡中央医院）；Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science, Technology and Research（新加坡科技研究局高性能计算研究所）；Institute of Data Science, National University of Singapore（新加坡国立大学数据科学研究院）
Vision Transformer-based Model for Severity Quantification of Lung Pneumonia Using Chest X-ray Images
University of the Basque Country（巴斯克大学）；IKERBASQUE；Ho Chi Minh City Open University（胡志明市开放大学）；University of Strasbourg（斯特拉斯堡大学）；INSERM（法国国家健康与医学研究院）；Université de Haute-Alsace（上阿尔萨斯大学）
本文提出 ViTReg-IP，一种由 ViT 与回归头构成的轻量模型，用于根据胸部 X 光量化 COVID-19 等肺病严重程度，并在多来源数据集上验证其低成本、高性能与泛化性。
School of Computing and Information Technology, University of Wollongong（卧龙岗大学计算与信息技术学院）
The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is affecting increasingly large number of people worldwide, posing significant stress to the health care systems. Early and accurate diagnosis of COVID-19 is critical in screening of infected patients and breaking the person-to-person transmission. Chest X-ray (CXR) based computer-aided diagnosis of COVID-19 using deep learning becomes a promising solution to this end. However, the diverse and various radiographic features of COVID-19 make it challenging, especially when considering each CXR scan typically only generates one single image. Data scarcity i…
Jordan University of Science and Technology（约旦科技大学）；Staffordshire University（斯塔福德郡大学）
Pneumothorax, also called a collapsed lung, refers to the presence of the air in the pleural space between the lung and chest wall. It can be small (no need for treatment), or large and causes death if it is not identified and treated on time. It is easily seen and identified by experts using a chest X-ray. Although this method is mostly error-free, it is time-consuming and needs expert radiologists. Recently, Computer Vision has been providing great assistance in detecting and segmenting pneumothorax. In this paper, we propose a 2-Stage Training system (2ST-UNet) to segment images with pneumo…
Expert Uncertainty and Severity Aware Chest X-Ray Classification by Multi-Relationship Graph Learning
University of Texas at Arlington（德克萨斯大学阿灵顿分校）；RIKEN（理化学研究所）；University of Tokyo（东京大学）；National Institute of Health Clinical Center（美国国立卫生研究院临床中心）；National Cancer Center Research Institute（国立癌症研究中心研究所）
