Optical communication is developing rapidly in the directions of hardware resource diversification, transmission system flexibility, and network function virtualization. Its proliferation poses a significant challenge to traditional optical communication management and control systems. Digital twin (DT), a technology that utilizes data, models, and algorithms and integrates multiple disciplines, acts as a bridge between the real and virtual worlds for comprehensive connectivity. In the digital space, virtual models are stablished dynamically to simulate and describe the states, behaviors, and rules of physical objects in the physical space. DT has been significantly developed and widely applied in industrial and military fields. This study introduces the DT technology to optical communication through interdisciplinary crossing and proposes a DT framework suitable for optical communication. The intelligent fault management model, flexible hardware configuration model, and dynamic transmission simulation model are established in the digital space with the help of deep learning algorithms to ensure the highreliability operation and high-efficiency management of optical communication systems and networks.
The envisioned 6G networks are expected to support extremely high data rates, low-latency, and radically new applications empowered by machine learning. The futuristic 6G networks require a novel framework that can be used to operate, manage, and optimize its underlying services such as ultra-reliable and low-latency communication, and Internet of everything. In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) has demonstrated significant success in optimizing and designing networks. The AI-enabled traffic orchestration can dynamically organize different network architectures and slices to provide q…
A sensor network can be described as a collection of sensor nodes which co-ordinate with each other to perform some specific function. These sensor nodes are mainly in large numbers and are densely deployed either inside the phenomenon or very close to it. They can be used for various application areas (e.g. health, military, home). Failures are inevitable in wireless sensor networks due to inhospitable environment and unattended deployment. Therefore, it is necessary that network failures are detected in advance and appropriate measures are taken to sustain network operation. We previously pr…
The recent advances in network management automation and Software-Defined Networking (SDN) are easing network policy management tasks. At the same time, these new technologies create a new mode of failure in the management cycle itself. Network policies are presented in an abstract model at a centralized controller and deployed as low-level rules across network devices. Thus, any software and hardware element in that cycle can be a potential cause of underlying network problems. In this paper, we present and solve a network policy fault localization problem that arises in operating policy mana…
Modular Multi-Domain Digital Twin Architecture: Sustainable Intent-Driven 6G Management
University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland（西部瑞士应用科学与艺术大学）；Technische Universität Berlin（柏林工业大学）；Poznań University of Technology（波兹南理工大学）；Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica（荷兰数学与计算机科学研究中心）；Eindhoven University of Technology（埃因霍温理工大学）；Centre Tecnològic de Telecomunicacions de Catalunya（加泰罗尼亚电信技术中心）；Telefónica Innovación Digital（西班牙电信数字创新）；Ceragon Networks（萨瑞昂网络）
This paper presents a novel approach for computing resource management of edge servers in vehicular networks based on digital twins and artificial intelligence (AI). Specifically, we construct two-tier digital twins tailored for vehicular networks to capture networking-related features of vehicles and edge servers. By exploiting such features, we propose a two-stage computing resource allocation scheme. First, the central controller periodically generates reference policies for real-time computing resource allocation according to the network dynamics and service demands captured by digital twi…
Deployment of Network Function Virtualization (NFV) over multiple clouds accentuates its advantages like the flexibility of virtualization, proximity to customers and lower total cost of operation. However, NFV over multiple clouds has not yet attained the level of performance to be a viable replacement for traditional networks. One of the reasons is the absence of a standard based Fault, Configuration, Accounting, Performance and Security (FCAPS) framework for the virtual network services. In NFV, faults and performance issues can have complex geneses within virtual resources as well as virtu…
Outsourcing -- successful, and sometimes painful -- has become one of the hottest topics in IT service management discussions over the past decade. IT services are outsourced to external service provider in order to reduce the effort required for and overhead of delivering these services within the own organization. More recently also IT services providers themselves started to either outsource service parts or to deliver those services in a non-hierarchical cooperation with other providers. Splitting a service into several service parts is a non-trivial task as they have to be implemented, op…
Fault Management (FM) is a cardinal feature in communication networks. One of the most common FM approaches is to use periodic keepalive messages. Hence, switches and routers are required to transmit a large number of FM messages periodically, requiring a hardware-based packet generator that periodically transmits a set of messages that are stored in an expensive on-chip memory. With the rapid growth of carrier networks, and as 5G technologies emerge, the number of users and the traffic rates are expected to significantly increase over the next few years. Consequently, we expect the on-chip me…
The evil twin attack is a major security threat to WLANs. An evil twin is a rogue AP installed by a malicious user to impersonate legitimate APs. It intends to attract victims in order to intercept their credentials, to steal their sensitive information, to eavesdrop on their data, etc. In this paper, we study the security mechanisms of wireless networks and we introduce the different authentication methods, including 802.1X authentication. We show that 802.1X has improved security through the use of digital certificates but does not define any practical technique for the user to check the net…
We propose an algorithm to automate fault management in an outdoor cellular network using deep reinforcement learning (RL) against wireless impairments. This algorithm enables the cellular network cluster to self-heal by allowing RL to learn how to improve the downlink signal to interference plus noise ratio through exploration and exploitation of various alarm corrective actions. The main contributions of this paper are to 1) introduce a deep RL-based fault handling algorithm which self-organizing networks can implement in a polynomial runtime and 2) show that this fault management method can…
Software-defined networking offers numerous benefits against the legacy networking systems through simplifying the process of network management and reducing the cost of network configuration. Currently, the management of failures in the data plane is limited to two mechanisms: proactive and reactive. Such failure recovery techniques are activated after occurrences of failures. Therefore, packet loss is highly likely to occur as a result of service disruption and unavailability. This issue is not only related to the slow speed of recovery mechanisms, but also the delay caused by the failure de…
Toward Enhanced Reinforcement Learning-Based Resource Management via Digital Twin: Opportunities, Applications, and Challenges
State Key Laboratory of ISN（ISN国家重点实验室）；School of Telecommunications Engineering, Xidian University（西安电子科技大学通信工程学院）；School of Cyber Engineering, Xidian University（西安电子科技大学网络与信息安全学院）；Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo（滑铁卢大学电气与计算机工程系）
Blockchain-based Pseudonym Management for Vehicle Twin Migrations in Vehicular Edge Metaverse
School of Automation, Guangdong University of Technology（广东工业大学自动化学院）；School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University（南洋理工大学计算机科学与工程学院）；School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University（南京大学电子科学与工程学院）；Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Auburn University（奥本大学电气与计算机工程系）
In this paper, we focus on the problems of traffic engineering, failure recovery, fault prevention, and Service Function Chain (SFC) with reliability and energy consumption constraints in Software Defined Networks (SDN). These types of deployments use Fog computing as an emerging paradigm to manage the distributed small-size traffic flows passing through the SDN-enabled switches (possibly Fog Nodes). The main aim of this integration is to support service delivery in real-time, failure recovery, and fault-awareness in an SFC context. Firstly, we present an architecture for Failure Recovery and …
Old Dominion University（欧道明大学）；Kyung Hee University（庆熙大学）；Virginia Tech（弗吉尼亚理工学院暨州立大学）
Explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) twin systems will be a fundamental enabler of zero-touch network and service management (ZSM) for sixth-generation (6G) wireless networks. A reliable XAI twin system for ZSM requires two composites: an extreme analytical ability for discretizing the physical behavior of the Internet of Everything (IoE) and rigorous methods for characterizing the reasoning of such behavior. In this paper, a novel neuro-symbolic explainable artificial intelligence twin framework is proposed to enable trustworthy ZSM for a wireless IoE. The physical space of the XAI twin …
