发表机构
Federal University of Pará (UFPA); Universidade Federal de Goiás; Ericsson Research（帕拉联邦大学; 戈亚斯联邦大学; 爱立信研究院）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
该研究针对网络数字孪生运行参数影响研究不足的问题，采用硬件实测的物理孪生，深入研究孪生速率和保真度对性能的影响，探索贝叶斯优化等方法以最小化能耗，为6G网络数字孪生的实际应用提供参考。
AI 中文摘要
网络数字孪生（NDTs）是6G及未来网络的重要使能技术。然而，目前缺乏针对实际层面的研究，例如同时改变孪生速率、保真度及其他NDT运行参数所带来的影响。例如，现有研究通常单独考量运行参数的影响，或是所采用的物理孪生（PTwin）实现依赖仿真。因此，本工作的主要贡献是采用基于硬件测量结果的物理孪生，深入研究孪生速率和保真度对性能的影响。我们还探索了贝叶斯优化（BO）方法和假设分析，研究这两个运行参数的优化以最小化能耗。本研究中，NDT对室内传播环境建模以优化波束管理。虚拟孪生（VTwin）采用Sionna射线追踪（RT）模拟器实现，物理孪生则采用我们自研的实验装置，该装置由工作在60GHz、配备32个天线单元的定制Wi-Fi无线电组成。研究揭示了无线信道NDT的重要特性，表明保真度水平在整个实验过程中会发生变化，且随假设分析的难度而变化。此外，即使在较低的保真度水平下，也可以使用BO这类样本高效的方法来调整孪生速率。
英文摘要
Network Digital Twins (NDTs) are important enablers of 6G and future networks. However, there is a lack of studies regarding practical aspects, such as the impact of simultaneously changing twinning rate, fidelity, and other NDT operational parameters. For instance, works often consider the impact of operational parameters in isolation or with physical twin (PTwin) implementations relying on simulations. Therefore, the main contribution of this work is to provide an in-depth study on the performance impacts of both twinning rate and fidelity, using PTwins that rely on measurements obtained from hardware. We also investigate the optimization of these two operational parameters to minimize energy consumption, exploring a Bayesian Optimization (BO) method and what-if analysis. In this work, the NDT models an indoor propagation environment to optimize beam management. The virtual twin (VTwin) was implemented with the Sionna ray tracing (RT) simulator and the PTwin with our in-house setup composed of customized Wi-Fi radios with 32 antenna elements operating at 60 GHz. The study reveals important aspects of wireless channel NDTs, suggesting that fidelity levels vary throughout the experiment and with the what-if difficulty. Moreover, the twinning rate can be adjusted using sample-efficient methods, such as BO, even at lower fidelity levels.
