In this letter we study the behavior of non-minimally coupled Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity theories with the constant-roll condition. Recalling the results of the striking GW170817 event, we demand that the velocity of the gravitational waves is equated to unity in natural units, meaning that $c_T^2=1$. This is a powerful restriction since it leads to a decrease in the degrees of freedom and subsequently reveals a connection between the scalar functions of the theory which presumably have different origins. In this framework, we shall assume that a scalar potential is present and can be extracted easily from the equations of motion by simply designating the scalar coupling functions. Obviously, a different approach is feasible but such choice will prove to be extremely convenient. Afterwards, we impose certain approximations in order to facilitate our study. Each assumption is capable of producing different phenomenology so a summary of all the possible configurations for Hubble's parameter, its derivative and the scalar potential along with the corresponding assumptions are present at the end of the paper. We show that compatibility under the constant-roll assumption can be achieved for a variety of model functions and different approaches, although one must always be aware of the imposed approximations since the possibility of a model producing viable results while simultaneously violating even a single approximation exists. Finally, in the end, a new formalism which leads to a plethora of convenient coupling functions according to the readers choice is presented. Utilizing such formalism may lead to new cases for coupling functions which have not been used yet, but are in fact able of producing viable phenomenology for the inflationary era.
We study the inflation in a model with a Gauss-Bonnet term which is non-minimally coupled to a DBI field. We study the spectrum of the primordial perturbations in detail. The non-Gaussianity of this model is considered and the amplitude of the non-Gaussianity is studied in both the equilateral and orthogonal configurations. By taking various functions of the DBI field, inflaton potential and the Gauss-Bonnet coupling term, we test the model with observational data and find some constraints on the Gauss-Bonnet coupling parameter.
In this paper, we investigated inflationary solutions for a subclass of Horndeski models where a scalar field is non-minimally coupled with the Gauss-Bonnet invariant. Examples of canonical scalar field and $k$-essence to support the early-time acceleration are considered. The formalism to calculate the perturbations in FRW universe and to derive the spectral index and the tensor-to-scalar ratio is furnished.
The two swampland criteria are generically in tension with the single field slow-roll inflation because the first swampland criterion requires small tensor to scalar ratio while the second swampland criterion requires large tensor to scalar ratio. The challenge to the single field slow-roll inflation imposed by the swampland criteria can be avoided by modifying the relationship between the tensor to scalar ratio and the slow-roll parameter. We show that the Gauss-Bonnet inflation with the coupling function inversely proportional to the potential overcomes the challenge by adding a constant fac…
In this paper, we analyze the early-time inflation in a scalar-tensor theory of gravity where the scalar field is minimally coupled with the Gauss-Bonnet four dimensional topological invariant. The theory belongs to a class of Horndeski models where the field equations are at the second order like in General Relativity. A viable inflationary scenario must correctly reproduce the last Plank satellite data. By starting from some simple assumptions on the field and on the coupling function between the field and the Gauss-Bonnet term, we derive the spectral index and the tensor-to-scalar ratio of …
In this paper we investigate the inflationary phenomenology of an Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet theory compatible with the GW170817 event, by imposing the constant-roll evolution on the scalar field. We develop the constant-roll GW170817-compatible Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet formalism, and we calculate the slow-roll indices and the observational indices of inflation, for several models of interest. As we demonstrate, the phenomenological viability of the models we study is achieved for a wide range of the free parameters. In addition, for the same values of the free parameters that guarantee the inflationa…
We consider slow-roll inflation for a single scalar field with an arbitrary potential and an arbitrary nonminimal coupling to the Gauss-Bonnet term. By introducing a combined hierarchy of Hubble and Gauss-Bonnet flow functions, we analytically derive the power spectra of scalar and tensor perturbations. The standard consistency relation between the tensor-to-scalar ratio and the spectral index of tensor perturbations is broken. We apply this formalism to a specific model with a monomial potential and an inverse monomial Gauss-Bonnet coupling and constrain it by the 7-year Wilkinson Microwave A…
We study a nonminimal derivative inflationary model in the presence of the Gauss-Bonnet term. To have a complete treatment of the model, we consider a general form of the nonminimal derivative function and also the Gauss-Bonnet coupling term. By following the ADM formalism, expanding the action up to the third order in the perturbations and using the correlation functions, we study the perturbation and its non-Gaussian feature in details. We also study the consistency relation that gets modified in the presence of the Gauss-Bonnet term in the action. We compare the results of our consideration…
In this paper we investigate the inflationary phenomenology of an Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet theory with the extension of a logarithmic modified $f(R)$ gravity, compatible with the GW170817 event. The main idea of our work is to study different results for an almost linear Ricci scalar through logarithmic corrections and examine whether such model is viable. First of all, the theoretical framework under slow-roll evolution of the scalar field is presented and also developed the formalism of the constant-roll evolution making predictions for the non- Gaussianities of the models is developed , since …
We study slow-roll inflation with the Gauss-Bonnet and Chern-Simons corrections. We obtain general formulas for the observables: spectral indices, tensor-to-scalar ratio and circular polarization of gravitational waves. The Gauss-Bonnet term violates the consistency relation r = -8n_T. Particularly, blue spectrum n_T > 0 and scale invariant spectrum |8n_T|/r << 1 of tensor modes are possible. These cases require the Gauss-Bonnet coupling function of ξ_{,ϕ} \sim 10^8/M_{Pl}. We use examples to show new-inflation-type potential with 10M_{Pl} symmetry breaking scale and potential with flat region…
We study the greybody factors of the scalar fields in spherically symmetric Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet-de Sitter black holes in higher dimensions. We derive the greybody factors analytically for both minimally and non-minimally coupled scalar fields. Moreover, we discuss the dependence of the greybody factor on various parameters including the angular momentum number, the non-minimally coupling constant, the spacetime dimension, the cosmological constant and the Gauss-Bonnet coefficient in detail. We find that the non-minimal coupling may suppress the Hawking radiation, while the Gauss-Bonnet coupl…
The striking GW170817 event indicated that the graviton is nearly massless, since the gamma rays emitted from the two neutron stars merging arrived almost simultaneously with the gravitational waves. Thus, the graviton must also be massless during the inflationary and post-inflationary era, since there is no obvious reason to believe otherwise. In this letter we shall investigate the theoretical implications of the constraint that the graviton is massless to an Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet theory with linear coupling of the scalar field to the four dimensional Gauss-Bonnet invariant. As we show, the …
Slow-roll approximations for Gauss-Bonnet inflation revisited
Sternberg Astronomical Institute, Lomonosov Moscow State University（列昂尼德·莫索科夫国立莫斯科国立大学斯滕伯格天文研究所）；Faculty of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University（列昂尼德·莫索科夫国立莫斯科国立大学物理学院）
In this paper we study the tachyonic inflation in brane world cosmology with Gauss-Bonnet term in the bulk. We obtain the exact solution of slow roll equations in case of exponential potential. We attempt to implement the proposal of Lidsey and Nunes, astro-ph/0303168, for the tachyon condensate rolling on the Gauss-Bonnet brane and discuss the difficulties associated with the proposal.
We consider the constant-roll condition in the model of the inflaton nonminimal coupling to the Gauss-Bonnet term. By assuming the first Gauss-Bonnet flow parameter $δ_1$ is a constant, we discuss the constant-roll inflation with constant $ε_1$, constant $ε_2$ and constant $η_H$, respectively. Using the Bessel function approximation, we get the analytical expressions for the scalar and tensor power spectrum and derive the scalar spectral index $n_{\mathcal{R}}$ and the tensor to scalar ratio $r$ to the first order of $ε_1$. By using the Planck 2018 observations constraint on $n_{\mathcal{R}}$ …
We study slow-roll inflation with a Gauss-Bonnet term that is coupled to an inflaton field nonminimally. We investigate the inflationary solutions for a specific type of the nonminimal coupling to the Gauss-Bonnet term and inflaton potential both analytically and numerically. We also calculate the observable quantities such as the power spectra of the scalar and tensor modes, the spectral indices, the tensor-to-scalar ratio and the running spectral indices. Finally, we constrain our result with the observational data by Planck and BICEP2 experiment.
We study the inflationary phenomenology of a non-minimally coupled Einstein Gauss-Bonnet gravity theory, in the presence of a scalar potential, under the condition that the gravitational wave speed of the primordial gravitational waves is equal to unity, that is $c_T^2=1$, in natural units. The equations of motion, which are derived directly from the gravitational action, form a system of differential equations with respect to Hubble's parameter and the inflaton field which are very complicated and cannot be solved analytically, even in the minimal coupling case. In this paper, we present a va…
The slow roll approximation is studied for cosmological models in Hyperextended Scalar-Tensor Theories of Gravity. A procedure to obtain slow roll solutions in non-minimally coupled gravity is outlined and some examples are provided. An integral condition over the functional form of the non-minimal coupling is imposed in order to obtain intermediate inflationary behavior.
The slow-roll field equations for the case of non-minimally coupled scalar fields are obtained in two ways: first using the direct generalization of slow-roll conditions in the minimal coupling case to non-minimal one; and, second, conformal transforming the slow-roll field equations in the Einstein frame to the Jordan frame and then applying the generalized slow-roll conditions. We compare the difference of two methods in calculation of the spectral index, $n_s$, for a model example. The second method seems to be more precise.
We consider Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet (EGB) inflationary models using the effective potential approach. We present evolution equations in the slow-roll regime using the effective potential and the tensor-to-scalar ratio. The choice of the effective potential is related to an expression of the spectral index in terms of e-folding number $N_e$. The satisfaction of the slow-roll regime is mostly related to the form of the tensor-to-scalar ratio $r$. The case of $r\sim1/N^2_e$ leads to a generalization of $α$-attractors inflationary parameters to Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity with exponential effectiv…
We study the evolution of a self interacting scalar field in Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet theory in four dimension where the scalar field couples non minimally with the Gauss-Bonnet term. Considering a polynomial coupling of the scalar field with the Gauss-Bonnet term, a self-interaction potential and an additional perfect fluid distribution alongwith the scalar field, we investigate different possibilities regarding the outcome of the collapsing scalar field. The strength of the coupling and choice of the self-interaction potential serves as the pivotal initial conditions of the models presented. Th…
We study power law inflation in the context of non-minimally coupled to the scalar curvature. We analyze the inflationary solutions under an exact analysis and also in the slow roll approximation. In both solutions, we consider the recent data from Planck and BICEP2 data to constraint the parameter in our model. We find that the slow roll approximation is disfavored in the presence of non-minimal couplings during the power law expansion of the Universe.
The slow-roll inflation for a single scalar field that couples to the Gauss-Bonnet (GB) term represents an important higher-order curvature correction inspired by string theory. With the arrival of the era of precision cosmology, it is expected that the high-order corrections become more and more important. In this paper we study the observational predictions of the slow-roll inflation with the GB term by using the third-order uniform asymptotic approximation method. We calculate explicitly the primordial power spectra, spectral indices, running of the spectral indices for both scalar and tens…
Inflationary models with a scalar field nonminimally coupled both with the Ricci scalar and with the Gauss-Bonnet term are studied. We propose the way of generalization of inflationary scenarios with the Gauss-Bonnet term and a scalar field minimally coupled with the Ricci scalar to the corresponding scenarios with a scalar field nonminimally coupled with the Ricci scalar. Using the effective potential, we construct a set of models with the same values of the scalar spectral index $n_s$ and the amplitude of the scalar perturbations $A_s$ and different values of the tensor-to-scalar ratio $r$.
We construct models with the Gauss-Bonnet term multiplied to a function of the scalar field leading to inflationary scenario. The consideration is related with the slow-roll approximation. The cosmological attractor approach gives the spectral index of scalar perturbations which is in a good agreement with modern observation and allows variability for tensor-to-scalar ratio. We reconstruct models with variability of parameters which allow to reproduce cosmological attractor predictions for inflationary parameters in the leading order of $1/N$ approximation in the Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity.
In this note we derive the slow-roll and rapid-roll conditions for the minimally and non-minimally coupled space-like vector fields. The function $f(B^{2})$ represents the non-minimal coupling effect between vector fields and gravity, the $f=0$ case is the minimal coupling case. For a clear comparison with scalar field, we define a new function $F=\pm B^{2}/12+f(B^{2})$ where $B^{2}=A_μA^μ$, $A_μ$ is the "comoving" vector field. With reference to the slow-roll and rapid-roll conditions, we find the small-field model is more suitable than the large-field model in the minimally coupled vector fi…
We derive the slow-roll conditions for a non-minimally coupled scalar field (extended quintessence) during the radiation/matter dominated era extending our previous results for thawing quintessence. We find that the ratio $\ddotϕ/3H\dotϕ$ becomes constant but negative, in sharp contrast to the ratio for the minimally coupled scalar field. We also find that the functional form of the equation of state of the scalar field asymptotically approaches that of the minimally coupled thawing quintessence.
In this work we introduce a new theoretical framework for Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet theories of gravity, which results to particularly elegant, functionally simple and transparent gravitational equations of motion, slow-roll indices and the corresponding observational indices. The main requirement is that the Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet theory has to be compatible with the GW170817 event, so the gravitational wave speed $c_T^2$ is required to be $c_T^2\simeq 1$ in natural units. This assumption was also made in a previous work of ours, but in this work we express all the related quantities as functions …
We provide a refined and much more simplified Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet inflationary theoretical framework, which is compatible with the GW170817 observational constraints on the gravitational wave speed. As in previous works, the constraint that the gravitational wave speed is $c_T^2=1$ in natural units, results to a constraint differential equation that relates the coupling function of the scalar field to the Gauss-Bonnet invariant $ξ(ϕ)$ and the scalar potential $V(ϕ)$. Adopting the slow-roll conditions for the scalar field and the Hubble rate, and in contrast to previous works, by further assu…
We consider warped five-dimensional thick braneworlds with four-dimensional Poincaré invariance originated from bulk scalar matter non-minimally coupled to gravity plus a Gauss-Bonnet term. The background field equations as well as the perturbed equations are investigated. A relationship between 4D and 5D Planck masses is studied in general terms. By imposing finiteness of the 4D Planck mass and regularity of the geometry, the localization properties of the tensor modes of the perturbed geometry are analyzed to first order, for a wide class of solutions. In order to explore the gravity localiz…
We consider inflationary models with the inflaton coupled to the Gauss-Bonnet term assuming a special relation $δ_1=2λε_1$ between the two slow-roll parameters $δ_1$ and $ε_1$. For the slow-roll inflation, the assumed relation leads to the reciprocal relation between the Gauss-Bonnet coupling function $ξ(ϕ)$ and the potential $V(ϕ)$, and it leads to the relation $r=16(1-λ)ε_1$ that reduces the tensor-to-scalar ratio $r$ by a factor of $1-λ$. For the constant-roll inflation, we derive the analytical expressions for the scalar and tensor power spectra, the scalar and tensor spectral tilts, and t…
We revisit the Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet theory in view of the GW170817 event, which compels that the gravitational wave speed is equal to $c_T^2=1$ in natural units. We use an alternative approach compared to one previous work of ours, which enables us to express all the slow-roll indices and the observational indices as functions of the scalar field. Using our formalism we investigate if the Swampland criteria are satisfied for the Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet theory and as we demonstrate, the Swampland criteria are satisfied for quite general forms of the potential and the Gauss-Bonnet coupling functi…
A self-interacting SU(2)-doublet of complex scalar fields, minimally coupled to Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity is considered in five space-time dimensions. The classical equations admit two families of solitons corresponding to spinning and non-spinning bosons stars. The generic solutions are constructed numerically and agree with exact results that are available in special limits of the parameters. The pattern of the boson stars is shown to be qualitatively affected by the Gauss-Bonnet coupling constant.
In this paper the focus is on inflationary dynamics in the context of Einstein Gauss-Bonnet gravitational theories. We investigate the implications of the slow-roll condition on the slow-roll indices and we investigate how the inflationary dynamical evolution is affected by the presence of the Gauss-Bonnet coupling to the scalar field. For exemplification of our analysis we investigate how the dynamics of inflationary cubic, quartic order and also exponential scalar potentials are affected by the non-trivial Gauss-Bonnet coupling to the scalar field. As we demonstrate it is possible to obtain …
We construct a holographic dark energy model with a non-minimally coupled scalar field on the brane where Gauss-Bonnet and Induced Gravity effects are taken into account. This model provides a wide parameter space with several interesting cosmological implications. Especially, the equation of state parameter of the model crosses the phantom divide line and it is possible to realize bouncing solutions in this setup.
We propose a novel {\it k}-Gauss-Bonnet inflationary model, in which a kinetic term of scalar field is allowed to non-minimally couple to the Gauss-Bonnet topological invariant in the absence of a potential of scalar field. As a result, this model is shown to admit an isotropic power-law inflation provided that the scalar field is phantom. Furthermore, stability analysis based on the dynamical system method is performed to indicate that this inflation solution is indeed stable and attractive. More interestingly, a gradient instability in tensor perturbations is shown to disappear in this model…
In this work we study slow-roll inflation for a vector-tensor model with massive vector fields non-minimally coupled to gravity. The model under consideration has arbitrary parameters for each geometrical coupling. Taking into account a spatially flat FRW type universe and a general vector fields (with temporal and spatial components), we get the general expressions for equation of motion and the total energy momentum tensor. In this scenario, the isotropy of expansion is guaranteed considering a triplet of orthogonal vector fields, but the effective mass of the vector field is of the order of…
Models with a scalar field coupled to the Gauss-Bonnet Lagrangian appear naturally from Kaluza-Klein compactifications of pure higher-dimensional gravity. We study linear, cosmological perturbations in the limits of weak coupling and slow-roll, and derive simple expressions for the main observable sub-horizon quantities: the anisotropic stress factor, the time-dependent gravitational constant, and the matter perturbation growth factor. Using present observational data, and assuming slow-roll for the dark energy field, we find that the fraction of energy density associated with the coupled Gaus…
It has been previously shown that a Gauss-Bonnet term non-minimally coupled to a scalar field produces a scalarised black hole solution, which can be considered as having secondary scalar hair, parametrised in terms of the black hole's mass and charge. In this paper we extend a previously investigated linear coupling of the form $f(ϕ)=ϕ$ to a non-minimally coupled Maxwell term, with the form $\frac{1}{8}F_{μν}F^{μν}+βϕF_{μν}F^{μν}$. By using numerical methods the solutions to the full differential equations are found, as well as a perturbative expansion in the $r\rightarrow\infty$ limit and a …
We have explicitly demonstrated that scalar coupled Gauss-Bonnet gravity in four dimension can have non-trivial effects on the early inflationary stage of our universe. In particular, we have shown that the scalar coupled Gauss-Bonnet term alone is capable of driving the inflationary stages of the universe without incorporating slow roll approximation, while remaining compatible with the current observations. Subsequently, to avoid the instability of the tensor perturbation modes we have introduced a self-interacting potential for the inflaton field and have shown that in this context as well …
We investigate inflationary dynamics in the framework of the Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity. In the model under consideration, the inflaton field is non-minimally coupled to the Gauss-Bonnet curvature invariant, so that the latter appears to be dynamically important. We consider a quartic potential for the inflaton field, in particular the one asymptotically connected to the Higgs inflation, and a wider class of coupling functions not considered in the earlier work. Keeping in mind the observational bounds on the parameters - the amplitude of scalar perturbations $A_s$, spectral index $n_s$ and…
We study the existence of scalar fields outside neutral reflecting shells. We consider static massive scalar fields non-minimally coupled to the Gauss-Bonnet invariant. We analytically investigated properties of scalar fields through the scalar field equation. In the small scalar field mass regime, we derive a compact resonance formula for the allowed masses of scalar fields in the composed scalar field and shell configurations.
In the present paper, we study the inflationary phenomenology of a $k$-inflation corrected Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet theory. Non-canonical kinetic terms are known for producing Jean instabilities or superluminal sound wave velocities in the aforementioned era, but we demonstrate in this work that by adding Gauss-Bonnet string corrections and assuming that the non-canonical kinetic term $ωX^γ$ is in quadratic, one can obtain a ghost free description. Demanding compatibility with the recent GW170817 event forces one to accept that the relation $\ddotξ=H\dotξ$ for the scalar coupling function $ξ(ϕ)$.…
We show that a non-minimal coupling to gravity can not only make some inflationary models consistent with cosmological data, similar to the case of Higgs inflation, but can also invoke slow-roll violation to realize graceful exit from inflation. In particular, this is the case in models where a destabilizing mechanism that ends inflation should be assumed when the model is minimally coupled to gravity. As explicit examples, we consider the power-law and inverse monomial inflation models with a non-minimal coupling to gravity. While these models are excluded in the minimally coupled case, we sh…
We study a model of scalar field with kinetic terms non-minimally coupled to to the curvature, and the scalar field coupled to the Gauss Bonnet 4-dimensional invariant. A variety of solutions are found, giving rise to different cosmological scenarios. A unified description of early time matter (radiation) dominance with transitions to late time quintessence and phantom phases have been made. Among others, we found solutions unifying asymptotically the early power law behavior and late time cosmological constant. Solutions of Chaplygin gas and generalized Chaplygin gas cosmologies have also bee…
We study scalarization of spherically symmetric neutral reflecting shells in the scalar-tensor gravity. We consider neutral static massless scalar fields non-minimally coupled to the Gauss-Bonnet invariant. We obtain a relation representing the existence regime of hairy neutral reflecting shells. For parameters unsatisfying this relation, the massless scalar field cannot exist outside the neutral reflecting shell. In the parameter region where this relation holds, we get analytical solutions of scalar field hairs outside neutral reflecting shells.
Some models within the framework of Gauss-Bonnet gravities are considered in the presence of a non-minimally coupled scalar field. By imposing a particular constraint on the scalar field coupling, an extension of the called Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity that keeps the correct speed of propagation for gravitational waves, is considered. The cosmological evolution for this viable class of models is studied and compared with observational data (BAO, CMB, Sne Ia,..), where we obtain the corresponding bounds for these theories and show that such theories fit well the data and provide a well-behaved…
We study the greybody factor and power spectra of Hawking radiation for the minimally or nonminimally coupled scalar field with exact numerical method in spherically symmetric Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet-de Sitter black hole spacetime. The effects of scalar coupling constant, angular momentum number of scalar, spacetime dimension, cosmological constant and Gauss-Bonnet coupling constant on the Hawking radiation are studied in detail. Specifically, the Gauss-Bonnet coupling constant always increases the greybody factor in the entire energy regime. Different from the case of Schwarzschild-de Sitter bl…
We study cosmological inflation in the Einstein gravity model, where additionally the Gauss-Bonnet term non-minimally coupled to a scalar field is included. We prove that inflationary solutions of exponential and power-law types are allowable and we found few examples of them. We also proposed the method of the exact inflationary solutions construction for a single scalar field with given scale factor and Gauss-Bonnet coupling term in the spatially flat Friedmann-Robertson-Walker Universe on the basis of connection with standard inflation and using special anzatses. With one special anzats we …
