We show that all self-adjoint extensions of semi-bounded Sturm--Liouville operators with general limit-circle endpoint(s) can be obtained via an additive singular form bounded self-adjoint perturbation of rank equal to the deficiency indices, say $d\in\{1,2\}$. This characterization generalizes the well-known analog for semi-bounded Sturm--Liouville operators with regular endpoints. Explicitly, every self-adjoint extension of the minimal operator can be written as \begin{align*}
\boldsymbol{A}_Θ=\boldsymbol{A}_0+{\bf B}Θ{\bf B}^*, \end{align*} where $\boldsymbol{A}_0$ is a distinguished self-adjoint extension and $Θ$ is a self-adjoint linear relation in $\mathbb{C}^d$. The perturbation is singular in the sense that it does not belong to the underlying Hilbert space but is form bounded with respect to $\boldsymbol{A}_0$, i.e. it belongs to $\mathcal{H}_{-1}(\boldsymbol{A}_0)$. The construction of a boundary triple and compatible boundary pair for the symmetric operator ensure that the perturbation is well-defined and self-adjoint extensions are in a one-to-one correspondence with self-adjoint relations $Θ$.
As an example, self-adjoint extensions of the classical symmetric Jacobi differential equation (which has two limit-circle endpoints) are obtained and their spectra are analyzed with tools both from the theory of boundary triples and perturbation theory.
The paper investigates spectral properties of multi-interval Sturm-Liouville operators with distributional coefficients. Constructive descriptions of all self-adjoint and maximal dissipative/accumulative extensions in terms of boundary conditions are given. Sufficient conditions for the resolvents of these operators to be operators of the trace class and for the systems of root functions to be complete are found. Results of paper are new for one-interval boundary value problems as well.
We establish the connection between Sturm-Liouville equations on time scales and Sturm--Liouville equations with measure-valued coefficients. Based on this connection we generalize several results for Sturm-Liouville equations on time scales which have been obtained by various authors in the past.
In this study, we give the Sturm comparison theorems for discrete fractional Sturm-Liouville (DFSL) equations within Riemann-Liouville and Grünwald-Letnikov sense. The emergence of Sturm-Liouville equations began as one dimensional Schrödinger equation in quantum mechanics and one of the most important results is Sturm comparison theorems [27]. These theorems give information about the properties of zeros of two equations having different potentials.
In this paper, by using the similar methods of [O. Sh. Mukhtarov and M. Kadakal, Some spectral properties of one Sturm-Liouville type problem with discontinuous weight, Siberian Mathematical Journal, 46 (2005) 681-694] we extend some spectral properties of regular Sturm-Liouville problems to those which consist of a Sturm-Liouville equation with discontinuous weight at two interior points together with spectral parameter-dependent boundary conditions. We give an operator-theoretic formulation for the considered problem and obtain asymptotic formulas for the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions.
We study asymptotics of eigenvalues, eigenfunctions and norming constants of singular energy-dependent Sturm--Liouville equations with complex-valued potentials. The analysis essentially exploits the integral representation of solutions, which we derive using the connection of the problem under study and a Dirac system of a special form.
We consider the spectral problem generated by the Sturm-Liouville equation with an arbitrary complex-valued potential q(x) and irregular boundary conditions. We establish necessary and sufficient conditions for a set of complex numbers to be the spectrum of such an operator.
Half-inverse spectral problem for a Sturm--Liouville operator consists in reconstruction of this operator by its spectrum and half of the potential. We give the necessary and sufficient conditions for solvability of the half-inverse spectral problem for the class of Sturm--Liouville operators with singular potentials from the space $W^{-1}_2(0,1)$ and provide the reconstruction algorithm.
We study the dependence of the zeros of eigenfunctions of Sturm-Liouville problem on the parameters that define the boundary conditions. As a corollary, we obtain Sturm oscillation theorem, which states that the $n$-th eigenfunction has $n$ zeros.
The Sturm--Liouville problem $-y''-λρy=0$, $y(0)=y(1)=0$, where $ρ$ is a generalized derivative of self-similar function $P\in L_2[0,1]$ with spectral degree D=0, is studied. Asymptotic formulas for eigenvalues are obtained.
This paper is devoted to the derivation of expansion a associated with a discontinuous Sturm-Liouville problems defined on $[-π, 0)\cup(0,π]$. We derive an eigenfunction expansion theorem for the Green's function of the problem as well as a theorem of uniform convergence of a certain class of functions.
Necessary and sufficient conditions for two sequences $\{μ_n\}_{n=0}^\infty$ and $\{ a_n\}_{n=0}^\infty$ to be the spectral data for a certain Sturm-Liouville problem are well known. We add two more conditions so that the same two sequences become necessary and sufficient for being the spectral data for a Sturm-Liouville problem with fixed boundary conditions.
In this paper, a Sturm-Liouville boundary value problem equiped with conformable fractional derivates is considered. We give some uniqueness theorems for the solutions of inverse problems according to the Weyl function, two given spectra and classical spectral data. We also study on half-inverse problem and prove a Hochstadt and Lieberman-type theorem.
We prove some new results which justify the use of interval truncation as a means of regularising a singular fourth order Sturm-Liouville problem near a singular endpoint. Of particular interest are the results in the so called lim-3 case, which has no analogue in second order singular problems.
We describe the necessary and sufficient conditions for two sequences {μ_n}^\infty_n=0 and {a_n}^\infty_n=0 to be correspondingly the set of eigenvalues and the set of norming constants of a Sturm-Liouville problem with real summable potential q and in advance fixed separated boundary conditions.
Inverse problems of recovering the coefficients of Sturm-Liouville problems with the eigenvalue parameter linearly contained in one of the boundary conditions are studied: (1) from the sequences of eigenvalues and norming constants; (2) from two spectra. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the solvability of these inverse problems are obtained.
We consider the Sturm-Liouville operator Lu=u''-q(x)u with periodic or antiperiodic boundary conditions. It is shown that depending of Fourier coefficients of the potential q(x) the system of root functions may have or may not have the basis property.
We derive new asymptotic formulae for the norming constants of Sturm-Liouville problem with summable potentials, which generalize and make more precise previously known formulae. Moreover, our formulae take into account the smooth dependence of norming constants on boundary conditions. We also find some new properties of the remainder terms of asymptotics.
Selfadjoint Sturm-Liouville operators $H_ω$ on $L_2(a,b)$ with random potentials are considered and it is proven, using positivity conditions, that for almost every $ω$ the operator $H_ω$ does not share eigenvalues with a broad family of random operators and in particular with operators generated in the same way as $H_ω$ but in $L_2(\tilde a,\tilde b)$ where $(\tilde a,\tilde b)\subset(a,b)$.
We study the inverse problem of recovering Sturm-Liouville operators on the half-line with a Bessel-type singularity inside the interval from the given Weyl function. The corresponding uniqueness theorem is proved, a constructive procedure for the solution of the inverse problem is provided, also necessary and sufficient conditions for the solvability of the inverse problem are obtained.
Let $\{λ_n^2\}_{n = 0}^\infty$ be the spectra of a Sturm-Liouville problem on $[0,π]$. We investigate the question: Do the systems $\{\cos(λ_n x)\}_{n= 0}^\infty$ or $\{\sin(λ_n x)\}_{n = 0}^\infty$ form Riesz bases in ${L^2}[0,π]$? The answer is almost always positive.
We derive eigenvalue asymptotics for Sturm--Liouville operators with singular complex-valued potentials from the space $W^{\al-1}_{2}(0,1)$, $\al\in[0,1]$, and Dirichlet or Neumann--Dirichlet boundary conditions. We also give application of the obtained results to the inverse spectral problem of recovering the potential from these two spectra.
A method of calculation of eigenvalues of the problem $-y''-λρy=0$, $y(0)=y(1)=0$, where $ρ$ is a distribution having self-similar primitive $P\in L_2[0,1]$, is described.
We give a complete description of the set of spectral data (eigenvalues and specially introduced norming constants) for Sturm--Liouville operators on the interval $[0,1]$ with matrix-valued potentials in the Sobolev space $W_2^{-1}$ and suggest an algorithm reconstructing the potential from the spectral data that is based on Krein's accelerant method.
We consider a singular Sturm-Liouville expression with the indefinite weight sgn x. To this expression there is naturally a self-adjoint operator in some Krein space associated. We characterize the local definitizability of this operator in a neighbourhood of $\infty$. Moreover, in this situation, the point $\infty$ is a regular critical point. We construct an operator $A=(\sgn x)(-d^2/dx^2+q)$ with non-real spectrum accumulating to a real point. The obtained results are applied to several classes of Sturm-Liouville operators.
We consider the spectral problems for the Sturm-Liouville operator generated by the Dirichlet, Neumann, Dirichlet-Neumann and Neumann-Dirichlet conditions. The necessary and sufficient condition for the coincidence of the spectrum of the Dirichlet-Neumann and Neumann-Dirichlet problems is proved. Also the necessary and sufficient condition for the coincidence of the spectrum, except zero, of the Dirichlet and Neumann problems is proved. An application to periodic and anti-periodic problems is given.
In this paper, Sturm-Liouville problem for difference equations is considered with potential function q(n). The representations of solutions are obtained by variation of parameters method. These solutions are proved, using summation by parts. Also, estimation of asymptotic expansion of the solutions are established.
The author extends the idea of Jodeit and Levitan for constructing isospectral problems of the classical scalar Sturm-Liouville differential equations to the vectorial Sturm-Liouville differential equations. Some interesting relations are found.
The inverse scattering problem is studied for the matrix Sturm-Liouville equation on the line. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the scattering data are obtained.
This work deals with an inverse problem for the Sturm-Liouville operator with non-separated boundary conditions, one of which linearly depends on a spectral parameter. Uniqueness theorem is proved, solution algorithm is constructed and sufficient conditions for solvability of inverse problem are obtained. As spectral data, we only use the spectrum of one boundary value problem and some sequence of signs.
The self-adjoint and $m$-sectorial extensions of coercive Sturm-Liouville operators are characterised, under minimal smoothness conditions on the coefficients of the differential expression.
The inverse spectral problems are studied for the Sturm-Liouville operator on the star-shaped graph and for the matrix Sturm-Liouville operator with the boundary condition in the general self-adjoint form. We obtain necessary and sufficient conditions of solvability for these two inverse problems, and also prove their local solvability and stability.
We consider Sturm-Liouville operators with singular potentials from the class on star-type graph with cycle, which consist the edges with commensurable lengths. Asymptotic representation for eigenvalues for such operators is obtained. Recovering of the characteristic function the Sturm-Liouville operators with the singular potentials is considered.
We study the inverse spectral problem of reconstructing energy-dependent Sturm-Liouville equations from their Dirichlet spectra and sequences of the norming constants. For the class of problems under consideration, we give a complete description of the corresponding spectral data, suggest a reconstruction algorithm, and establish uniqueness of reconstruction. The approach is based on connection between spectral problems for energy-dependent Sturm-Liouville equations and for Dirac operators of special form.
We solve the inverse spectral problem of recovering the singular potentials $q\in W^{-1}_{2}(0,1)$ of Sturm-Liouville operators by two spectra. The reconstruction algorithm is presented and necessary and sufficient conditions on two sequences to be spectral data for Sturm-Liouville operators under consideration are given.
We study spectral properties of energy-dependent Sturm-Liouville equations, introduce the notion of norming constants and establish their interrelation with the spectra. One of the main tools is the linearization of the problem in a suitable Pontryagin space.
The present paper gives a priori bounds on the possible non-real eigenvalues of regular indefinite Sturm-Liouville problems and obtains sufficient conditions for such problems to admit non-real eigenvalues.
We consider spectral problems for the Sturm-Liouville operator with arbitrary complex-valued potential q(x) and degenerate boundary conditions. We solve corresponding inverse problem, and also study the completeness property and the basis property of the root function system.
In this study, the theorem on necessary and sufficient conditions for the solvability of inverse problem for Sturm-Liouville operator with discontinuous coefficient is proved and the algorithm of reconstruction of potential from spectral data (eigenvalues and normalizing numbers) is given.
In this work, we use the \textit{regularized sampling method} to compute the eigenvalues of Sturm Liouville problems with discontinuity conditions inside a finite interval. We work out an example by computing a few eigenvalues and their corresponding eigenfunctions.
In this study, we define discrete fractional Sturm-Liouville (DFSL) operators within Riemann-Liouville and Grünwald-Letnikov fractional operators with both delta and nabla operators. We show selfadjointness of the DFSL operator for the first time and prove some spectral properties, like orthogonality of distinct eigenfunctions, reality of eigenvalues, paralelly in integer and fractional order differential operator counterparts.
We prove that the potential of a Sturm--Liouville operator depends analytically and Lipschitz continuously on the spectral data (two spectra or one spectrum and the corresponding norming constants). We treat the class of operators with real-valued distributional potentials in the Sobolev class W^{s-1}_2(0,1), s\in[0,1].
The author tries to derive the asymptotic expression of the large eigevalues of some vectorial Sturm-Liouville differential equations. A precise description for the formula of the square root of the large eiegnvalues up to the $O(1/n)$-term is obtained.
Regular Sturm-Liouville problems with indefinite weight functions may possess finitely many non-real eigenvalues. In this note we prove explicit bounds on the real and imaginary parts of these eigenvalues in terms of the coefficients of the differential expression.
An inverse spectral problem is studied for the matrix Sturm-Liouville operator on a finite interval with the general self-adjoint boundary condition. We obtain a constructive solution based on the method of spectral mappings for the considered inverse problem. The nonlinear inverse problem is reduced to a linear equation in a special Banach space of infinite matrix sequences. In addition, we apply our results to the Sturm-Liouville operator on a star-shaped graph.
In this paper we study the inverse spectral problem of reconstructing energy-dependent Sturm-Liouville equations from two spectra. We give a reconstruction algorithm and establish existence and uniqueness of reconstruction. Our approach essentially exploits the connection between the spectral problems under study and those for Dirac operators of a special form.
We prove a quantitative version of Gordon's Theorem concerning absence of eigenvalues for Jacobi matrices and Sturm-Liouville operators with complex coefficients.
We consider Sturm-Liouville operators $-y''+v(x)y$ on $[0,1]$ with Dirichlet boundary conditions $y(0)=y(1)=0$. For any $1\le p<\infty$, we give a short proof of the characterization theorem for the spectral data corresponding to $v\in L^p(0,1)$.
We consider the Sturm-Liouville operator Lu=u''-q(x)u with regular but not strongly regular boundary conditions. Under some supplementary assumptions we prove that the set of potentials q(x) that ensure an asymptotically multiple spectrum is everywhere dense in the space of summable functions.
We study Sturm--Liouville differential operators on the time scales consisting of a finite number of isolated points and segments. In a previous paper it was established that such operators are uniquely determined by their spectral characteristics. In the present paper, an algorithm for their recovery based on the method of spectral mappings is obtained. We also prove that the eigenvalues of two Sturm--Liouville boundary value problems with one common boundary condition alternate.
We obtain the asymptotic formulas for the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the Sturm-Liouville operators with general regular boundary conditions. Using these formulas, we find sufficient conditions on the potential q such that the root functions of these operators do not form a Riesz basis.
In this paper, inequalities among eigenvalues of different self-adjoint discrete Sturm-Liouville problems are established. For a fixed discrete Sturm-Liouville equation, inequalities among eigenvalues for different boundary conditions are given. For a fixed boundary condition, inequalities among eigenvalues for different equations are given. These results are obtained by applying continuity and discontinuity of the n-th eigenvalue function, monotonicity in some direction of the n-th eigenvalue function, which were given in our previous papers, and natural loops in the space of boundary conditi…
The inverse spectral problem is studied for the Sturm-Liouville operator with a complex-valued potential and arbitrary entire functions in one of the boundary conditions. We obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for uniqueness, and develop a constructive algorithm for the inverse problem solution. The main results are applied to the Hochstadt-Lieberman half-inverse problem. As an auxiliary proposition, we prove local solvability and stability for the inverse Sturm-Liouville problem by the Cauchy data in the non-self-adjoint case.
