arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 2011.02550math.LO
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如果无穷大可以是弱的,拉姆齐定理有多强?

How strong is Ramsey's theorem if infinity can be weak?

Leszek Aleksander Kołodziejczyk, Katarzyna W. Kowalik, Keita Yokoyama

摘要:

本文研究了在相对较弱的二阶算术理论$\mathrm{RCA}^*_0$上,对于固定的$n, k \ge 2$,$n$ -元组的$k$ -着色的Ramsey定理的一阶结果。利用Chong-Mourad编码引理,我们证明了在$\mathrm{RCA}^*_0 + \neg \mathrm{I}Σ^0_1$模型中,$\mathrm{RT}^n_k$等价于它自己相对于任何适当的$Σ^0_1$可定义割的相对化,所以它的真值在具有相同一阶论域的模型的所有扩展中保持不变.给出了$\mathrm{RCA}^*_0 + \mathrm{RT}^n_k$对$n \ge 3$的一阶结果的公理化。我们表明,他们形成了一个非可公理化的子理论PA的$Π_3$片段是$\mathrm{B}Σ_1 + \exp$和$\ell \ge 1$的$Π_{\ell+3}$片段之间的$\mathrm{I}Σ_\ell \Rightarrow \mathrm{B}Σ_{\ell+1}$和$\mathrm{B}Σ_{\ell+1}$。我们还考虑了$\mathrm{RCA}^*_0 + \mathrm{RT}^2_k$的一阶后果。我们表明,他们形成了一个子理论的$\mathrm{I}Σ_2$的$Π_3$片段是$\mathrm{B}Σ_1 + \exp$和其$Π_4$片段是严格弱于$\mathrm{B}Σ_2$,但不包含在$\mathrm{I}Σ_1$。此外,我们认为一个原则$Δ^0_2$ - $\mathrm{RT}^2_2$,定义像$\mathrm{RT}^2_2$,但与$2$ -着色和解决方案允许$Δ^0_2$ -集。我们证明了$Δ^0_2$ - $\mathrm{RT}^2_2$在$\mathrm{RCA}_0 + \mathrm{B}Σ^0_2$上的行为与$\mathrm{RT}^2_2$在$\mathrm{RCA}^*_0$上的行为相似,并且$\mathrm{RCA}_0 + \mathrm{B}Σ^0_2 + Δ^0_2$ - $\mathrm{RT}^2_2$在$\mathrm{B}Σ_2$上是$Π_4$ -但不是$Π_5$ -保守的。然而,我们用来证明缺乏$Π_5$ -保守性的陈述在$\mathrm{RCA}_0 +\mathrm{RT}^2_2$中是不可证明的。

英文摘要:

We study the first-order consequences of Ramsey's Theorem for $k$-colourings of $n$-tuples, for fixed $n, k \ge 2$, over the relatively weak second-order arithmetic theory $\mathrm{RCA}^*_0$. Using the Chong-Mourad coding lemma, we show that in a model of $\mathrm{RCA}^*_0 + \neg \mathrm{I}Σ^0_1$, $\mathrm{RT}^n_k$ is equivalent to its own relativization to any proper $Σ^0_1$-definable cut, so its truth value remains unchanged in all extensions of the model with the same first-order universe. We give an axiomatization of the first-order consequences of $\mathrm{RCA}^*_0 + \mathrm{RT}^n_k$ for $n \ge 3$. We show that they form a non-finitely axiomatizable subtheory of PA whose $Π_3$ fragment is $\mathrm{B}Σ_1 + \exp$ and whose $Π_{\ell+3}$ fragment for $\ell \ge 1$ lies between $\mathrm{I}Σ_\ell \Rightarrow \mathrm{B}Σ_{\ell+1}$ and $\mathrm{B}Σ_{\ell+1}$. We also consider the first-order consequences of $\mathrm{RCA}^*_0 + \mathrm{RT}^2_k$. We show that they form a subtheory of $\mathrm{I}Σ_2$ whose $Π_3$ fragment is $\mathrm{B}Σ_1 + \exp$ and whose $Π_4$ fragment is strictly weaker than $\mathrm{B}Σ_2$ but not contained in $\mathrm{I}Σ_1$. Additionally, we consider a principle $Δ^0_2$-$\mathrm{RT}^2_2$, defined like $\mathrm{RT}^2_2$ but with both the $2$-colourings and the solutions allowed to be $Δ^0_2$-sets. We show that the behaviour of $Δ^0_2$-$\mathrm{RT}^2_2$ over $\mathrm{RCA}_0 + \mathrm{B}Σ^0_2$ is similar to that of $\mathrm{RT}^2_2$ over $\mathrm{RCA}^*_0$, and that $\mathrm{RCA}_0 + \mathrm{B}Σ^0_2 + Δ^0_2$-$\mathrm{RT}^2_2$ is $Π_4$- but not $Π_5$-conservative over $\mathrm{B}Σ_2$. However, the statement we use to witness lack of $Π_5$-conservativity is not provable in $\mathrm{RCA}_0 +\mathrm{RT}^2_2$.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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