Charged particle multiplicity distributions in positron-proton deep inelastic scattering at a centre-of-mass energy $\sqrt{s}=319$ GeV are measured. The data are collected with the H1 detector at HERA corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $136$ pb${}^{-1}$. Charged particle multiplicities are measured as a function of photon virtuality $Q^2$, inelasticity $y$ and pseudorapidity $η$ in the laboratory and the hadronic centre-of-mass frames. Predictions from different Monte Carlo models are compared to the data. The first and second moments of the multiplicity distributions are determined and the KNO scaling behaviour is investigated. The multiplicity distributions as a function of $Q^2$ and the Bjorken variable $x_{\rm Bj}$ are converted to the hadron entropy $S_{\rm hadron}$, and predictions from a quantum entanglement model are tested.
We present the design and commissioning of a new multiplicity veto for the HERA-B detector, a fixed-target spectrometer originally designed to study the physics of B mesons in proton-nucleus interactions. The HERA-B trigger is a message-driven multi-level track trigger. The first level trigger (FLT) consists of custom-made electronics, and the higher trigger levels are implemented as PC farms. The multiplicity veto has been designed to reject high-multiplicity events before they enter the trigger chain. A veto signal is generated based on the comparison of the number of photons in part of the …
The charged multiplicity distributions and the mean charged multiplicity have been investigated in inclusive neutral current deep inelastic $ep$ scattering with the ZEUS detector at HERA, using an integrated luminosity of 38.6 pb$^{-1}$. The measurements were performed in the current region of the Breit frame, as well as in the current fragmentation region of the hadronic centre-of-mass frame. The KNO-scaling properties of the data were investigated and the energy dependence was studied using different energy scales. The data are compared to results obtained in $\epem$ collisions and to previo…
The universality and scaling behaviour of hadronisation have been investigated in semi-inclusive neutral current deep inelastic ep scattering; specifically the multiplicity and scaled momentum spectra of charged hadrons have been measured and analysed. The measurements are performed in the current region of the Breit frame, as well as in the current fragmentation region of the hadronic centre-of-mass frame. The data collected at the HERA ep collider by the H1 and ZEUS experiments are compared with similar measurements obtained in e+e- annihilation and with previous ep measurements as well as w…
Charged particle production has been measured in Deep Inelastic Scattering (DIS) events using the ZEUS detector over a large range of $Q^2$ from 10 to $1280 {\rm\ GeV}^2$. The evolution with $Q$ of the charged multiplicity and scaled momentum has been investigated in the current fragmentation region of the Breit frame. The data are used to study QCD \linebreak coherence effects in DIS and are compared with corresponding \ee~data in order to test the universality of quark fragmentation.
Charged particle production in neutral current deep inelastic scattering (DIS) has been studied using the ZEUS detector.The evolution of the mean multiplicities, scaled momenta and transverse momenta in $Q^2$ and $x$ for $ 10 < Q^2 < 5120 GeV^2$ and $x > 6\times 10^{-4}$ has been investigated in the current and target fragmentation regions of the Breit frame. Distributions in the target region, using HERA data for the first time, are compared to distributions in the current region. Predictions based on MLLA and LPHD are inconsistent with the data.
Multiplicity moments of charged particles in deep inelastic E+P scattering have been measured with the ZEUS detector at HERA using an integrated luminosity of 38.4 pb^{-1}$. The moments for Q^2 > 1000 GeV^2 were studied in the current region of the Breit frame. The evolution of the moments was investigated as a function of restricted regions in polar angle and, for the first time, both in the transverse momentum and in absolute momentum of final-state particles. Analytic perturbative QCD predictions in conjunction with the hypothesis of Local Parton-Hadron Duality (LPHD) reproduce the trends o…
Using the H1 detector at HERA, charged particle multiplicity distributions in deep inelastic ep scattering have been measured over a large kinematical region. The evolution with $W$ and $Q^2$ of the multiplicity distribution and of the multiplicity moments in pseudorapidity domains of varying size is studied in the current fragmentation region of the hadronic centre-of-mass frame. The results are compared with data from fixed target lepton-nucleon interactions, $e^+e^-$ annihilations and hadron-hadron collisions as well as with expectations from QCD based parton models. Fits to the Negative Bi…
The multiplicity structure of the hadronic system X produced in deep-inelastic processes at HERA of the type ep -> eXY, where Y is a hadronic system with mass M_Y< 1.6 GeV and where the squared momentum transfer at the pY vertex, t, is limited to |t|<1 GeV^2, is studied as a function of the invariant mass M_X of the system X. Results are presented on multiplicity distributions and multiplicity moments, rapidity spectra and forward-backward correlations in the centre-of-mass system of X. The data are compared to results in e+e- annihilation, fixed-target lepton-nucleon collisions, hadro-produce…
The azimuthal decorrelation angle between the leading jet and scattered lepton in deep inelastic scattering is studied with the ZEUS detector at HERA. The data was taken in the HERA II data-taking period and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 330 $\rm{pb^{-1}}$. Azimuthal angular decorrelation has been proposed to study the $Q^{2}$ dependence of the evolution of the transverse momentum distributions (TMDs) and understand the small-$x$ region, providing unique insight to nucleon structure. Previous decorrelation measurements of two jets have been performed in proton-proton collisions at…
The subjet multiplicity has been measured in neutral current e+p interactions at Q**2 > 125 GeV**2 with the ZEUS detector at HERA using an integrated luminosity of 38.6 pb-1. Jets were identified in the laboratory frame using the longitudinally invariant K_T cluster algorithm. The number of jet-like substructures within jets, known as the subjet multiplicity, is defined as the number of clusters resolved in a jet by reapplying the jet algorithm at a smaller resolution scale y_cut. Measurements of the mean subjet multiplicity, < n_sbj >, for jets with transverse energies E_T,jet >15 GeV are pre…
The sensitivity of existing HERA data on the hadronic final state in deep-inelastic scattering (DIS) to processes induced by QCD instantons is systematically investigated. The maximally allowed fraction of such processes in DIS is found to be on the percent level in the kinematic domain 0.0001 < x-Bjorken < 0.01 and 5 < Q squared < 100 GeV squared. The best limits are obtained from the multiplicity distribution.
Measurements of inclusive jet, dijet and three-jet cross sections in photon-proton interactions are presented. These measurements provide new tests of QCD, constrain the parton densities of the photon, and allow searches for new physics. Measurements of the mean subjet multiplicity are reported and used to test the differences between quark and gluon jets.
The charged multiplicity fluctuations in deep-inelastic scattering (DIS) are investigated to test perturbative QCD and local parton hadron duality (LPHD). The fluctuations were measured with the ZEUS detector at HERA in restricted phase space domains in the current Breit frame region. The measurements are compared to analytic pQCD + LPHD predictions and QCD-based Monte Carlo models.
We study the proposal by Kharzeev-Levin to determine entanglement entropy in Deep Inelastic Scattering (DIS) from parton distribution functions (PDFs) and to relate the former to the entropy of final state hadrons. We find several uncertainties in the current comparison to data, in particular the overall normalization, the relation between charged versus total hadron multiplicity in the comparison to experimental results as well as different methods to determine the number of partons in Deep Inelastic Scattering. We further provide a comparison to data based on leading order HERA PDF as well a…
Low x deep-inelastic ep scattering data, taken in 1994 at the H1 detector at HERA, are analysed in the Breit frame of reference. The evolution of the peak and width of the current hemisphere fragmentation function is presented as a function of Q and compared with e+e- results at equivalent centre of mass energies. Differences between the average charged multiplicity and the multiplicity of e+e- annihilations at low energies are analysed. Invariant energy spectra are compared with MLLA predictions. Distributions of multiplicity are presented as functions of Bjorken-x and Q^2, and KNO scaling is…
The average charged track multiplicity and the normalised distribution of the scaled momentum, $\xp$, of charged final state hadrons are measured in deep-inelastic $\ep$ scattering at high $Q^2$ in the Breit frame of reference. The analysis covers the range of photon virtuality $100 < Q^2 < 20 000 \GeV^{2}$. Compared with previous results presented by HERA experiments this analysis has a significantly higher statistical precision and extends the phase space to higher $Q^{2}$ and to the full range of $\xp$. The results are compared with $e^+e^-$ annihilation data and with various calculations b…
We provide quantitative predictions for the rapidity, centrality and energy dependencies of inclusive charged-hadron productions for the forthcoming LHC measurements in nucleus-nucleus collisions based on the idea of gluon saturation in the color-glass condensate framework. Our formulation gives very good descriptions of the first data from the LHC for the inclusive charged-hadron production in proton-proton collisions, the deep inelastic scattering at HERA at small Bjorken-x, and the hadron multiplicities in nucleus-nucleus collisions at RHIC.
The production rates and substructure of jets have been studied in charged current deep inelastic e+p scattering for Q**2>200 GeV**2 with the ZEUS detector at HERA using an integrated luminosity of 110.5 pb**-1. Inclusive jet cross sections are presented for jets with transverse energies E_T(jet) > 14 GeV and pseudorapidities in the range -1 < eta(jet) < 2. Dijet cross sections are presented for events with a jet having E_T(jet) > 14 GeV and a second jet having E_T(jet) > 5 GeV. Measurements of the mean subjet multiplicity, <n_sbj>, of the inclusive jet sample are presented. Predictions based …
Two-particle correlations in invariant mass are studied separately for like-sign and unlike-sign charged particles produced in deep inelastic positron-proton scattering in a new kinematical domain. The data were taken with the H1 detector at the HERA storage ring in 1994, in which 27.5 GeV positrons collided with 820 GeV protons at a centre of mass energy sqrt{s}=300 GeV. The observed enhancement of the like-sign correlations at low invariant masses is related to the dimensions of the hadronic source. The data are compared to different QCD models where the hadronization is performed with the s…
Collective behaviour of final-state hadrons, and multiparton interactions are studied in high-multiplicity $ep$ scattering at a centre-of-mass energy $\sqrt{s}=318$ GeV with the ZEUS detector at HERA. Two- and four-particle azimuthal correlations, as well as multiplicity, transverse momentum, and pseudorapidity distributions for charged-particle multiplicities $N_{\textrm ch} \geq 20$ are measured. The dependence of two-particle correlations on the virtuality of the exchanged photon shows a clear transition from photoproduction to neutral current deep inelastic scattering. For the multipliciti…
Charged multiplicity distributions and the mean charged multiplicity have been investigated in inclusive neutral current deep inelastic ep scattering with the ZEUS detector at HERA using an integrated luminosity of 38.6 pb-1. The measurements were performed in the current region of the Breit frame, as well as in the current fragmentation region of the hadronic center-of-mass frame. The KNO-scaling properties of the data were investigated and the energy dependence of multiplicity distributions was studied using different energy scales. The data are compared to results obtained in e+e- collision…
Recent results on hard diffraction at HERA and the Tevatron are presented. Charged particle multiplicities in diffraction and differences in multiplicity in quark and gluon jets measured at LEP are discussed. Spin effects in the fragmentation of leading quarks show some interesting features.
Two-particle azimuthal correlations have been measured in neutral current deep $\mbox{inelastic}$ $\textit{ep}$ scattering with virtuality $Q^2 > 5$ GeV$^2$ at a centre-of-mass energy $\sqrt{s}=318$ GeV recorded with the ZEUS detector at HERA. The correlations of charged particles have been measured in the range of laboratory pseudorapidity $-1.5 < η< 2.0$ and transverse momentum $0.1 < p_{\textrm{T}}~< 5.0$ GeV and event multiplicities $N_{\textrm{ch}}$ up to six times larger than the average $\left< N_{\textrm{ch}} \right>\approx5$. The two-particle correlations have been measured in terms o…
A QCD fit analysis to the combined HERA-I inclusive deep inelastic cross sections measured by the H1 and ZEUS collaborations for $e^\pm p$ scattering resulting into a competitive NLO PDF set, HERAPDF1.0 is presented. HERAPDF at NNLO fits are presented as well, resulting, however, in a worse description of the combined HERA data. In addition, a preliminary analysis including the HERA II measurements of lower proton-beam energies is performed. The effect of including the new data on the determination of HERA parton distribution functions is analysed, using fits similar to those performed for HER…
In this talk, I present the brand new results from the H1 and ZEUS Collaborations on the combination of all previously published inclusive deep inelastic cross sections at HERA for neutral and charged current $e^\pm p$ scattering for zero beam polarisation and the corresponding parton distributions functions, HERAPDF 2.0, at up to next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO). The results also include a new precise determination at next-to-leading order (NLO) of the strong coupling constant $α_s(M^2_Z)=0.1184\pm 0.0016$ (excluding scale uncertainties) based on a simultaneous fit to the combined inclusi…
This talk covers three contributions from H1: "Measurement of the inclusive e^\pm p scattering cross section at high inelasticity y and of the structure function F_L", "Determination of the integrated luminosity at HERA using elastic QED Compton events" and "Inclusive deep inelastic scattering at high Q2 with longitudinally polarized lepton beams at HERA". These are new measurements mainly based on the full HREA-II data but include also those from HERA-I in the combination whenever it is relevant. The main results of these measurements are briefly summarized here.
The high precision and large kinematic coverage of the data from the HERA-I running period (1994-2000) have already allowed precise extractions of proton parton distribution functions (PDFs). The HERA-II running program is now underway and is expected to provide a substantial increase in the luminosity collected at HERA. In this paper, a study is presented which investigates the potential impact of future data from HERA on the proton PDF uncertainties, within the currently planned running scenario. In addition, the effect of a possible future measurement of the longitudinal structure function,…
Use of HERA jet production cross sections can extend our knowledge of the gluon parton distribution function and yield accurate measurements of $α_s(M_Z)$ in addition to illustrating the running of $α_s$ with scale.
In this talk, the recent data on diffractive electron-proton interactions at HERA are reviewed. The question of diffraction as a soft or hard process is addressed and discussed in the context of inclusive diffraction, vector meson production and the DVCS process.
Recent HERA data on small-x structure functions as well as DIS diffraction and diffractive vector meson production are presented. The relationship between these processes and possible indications of dynamics beyond the DGLAP formalism are discussed.
The final results on the combination of all inclusive deep-inelastic scattering cross section data from the H1 and ZEUS experiments at HERA are reviewed. The parton distribution functions (PDFs) extracted from these data (HERAPDF2.0) and from HERA data on heavy flavour production and jet production are also presented (HERAPDF2.0Jets). The use of various heavy flavour schemes is compared and the sensitivity of the data to cuts on Q2 is explored. When jet data are included in the fits, a competitive value of $α_s(M_Z)=0.1184 \pm 0.0016$ is extracted at NLO, excluding scale uncertainties
The forthcoming LHC measurement of hadron multiplicity in proton-nucleus collisions is a crucial test of the k_t factorization and gluon saturation based models. Here, we provide quantitative predictions for the pseudorapidity distribution of charged particles produced in minimum bias proton-nucleus collisions at the LHC based on the idea of gluon saturation in the color-glass condensate framework. Our formulation gives good descriptions of the LHC and RHIC data for the charged-hadron multiplicities in both proton-proton and nucleus-nucleus collisions, and also the deep inelastic scattering at…
Physics from the polarized electron or positron beam colliding with the unpolarized proton beam at HERA-II as well as from the unpolarized ep collisions at HERA-I is discussed. Results shown include (i) inclusive neutral and charged current cross sections and structure functions measurements at HERA-I, (ii) the impact of these measurements on parton density functions, on electroweak parameters and searches for new physics and (iii) the first results at HERA-II and its future prospects.
Results from the HERA experiments, H1 and ZEUS, on $e^\pm p$ deep inelastic scattering (DIS) provide an important contribution to the knowledge of the proton structure and QCD. The data were collected in the years 1994-2000 (HERA I) and 2003-2006 (HERA II) in the center-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s} = 300$ GeV in 1994-1997 and 319 GeV from 1998. During the HERA II period, the lepton beams were longitudinally polarised. The most recent results on neutral current (NC) and charge current (CC) DIS cross sections from HERA II data are presented. Results on Parton Density Functions (PDFs) and the stro…
New facilities for particle and nuclear physics research, which will be available due to constructing the TESLA linear electron-positron collider tangentially to the HERA proton ring, are discussed.
Recent results on structure functions and parton distribution functions at HERA are presented. Results on the measurements of the structure functions F2, FL and F3 will be covered, as well as the results of the most recent QCD fits to determine the PDFs of the proton.
Recent results from HERA are presented. The main reviewed subjects are polarized DIS cross sections, parton density determination, diffractive PDFs, multi-jet production and searches for physics beyond the Standard Model.
Results on the analysis of the hadronic final state in neutral current deep inelastic scattering at HERA are presented; recent results on inclusive single particle distributions, particle correlations and event shapes are highlighted.
Recent measurements of the diffractive cross section in deep-inelastic scattering at HERA are presented. The data are used to investigate the factorisation properties of diffractive DIS and to examine its quantum chromodynamic structure. Models based on the colour dipole approach to DIS are also tested.
Recent results from HERA are presented on a range of topics: charged multiplicities, production of non-strange mesons and strange particles, charm fragmentation, baryons decaying to strange particles, antideuteron production, Bose-Einstein correlations, and new interpretations of results on prompt photon production in DIS.
Recent measurements of inclusive and semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering in electron-proton collisions at HERA are reviewed. These measurements are used to determine the parton distribution functions (PDFs) of the proton, a necessary input to theory predictions for hadron colliders. An introduction to the PDF determination with an emphasis on HERA PDFs is presented. Theory predictions based on HERAPDF are compared to a selection of recent LHC and Tevatron measurements. The impact of jet and charm production measurements on the PDFs is discussed.
New precision measurements of inclusive diffractive deep-inelastic ep scattering interactions, performed by the H1 and ZEUS collaborations at the HERA collider, are discussed. A new set of diffractive parton distributions, determined from recent high precision H1 data, is presented.
Measurements of charmed particle cross sections at HERA in the photoproduction and deep inelastic regimes are reviewed. The status of the comparison with perturbative QCD calculations is discussed.
In this technical note we briefly present the analysis of the HERA polarimeters (transversal and longitudinal) as of summer 2011. We present the final reanalysis of the TPOL data, and discuss the systematic uncertainties. A procedure to combine and average LPOL and TPOL data is presented.
Recent high precision measurements of deep inelastic diffractive scattering at HERA are presented in an increased region of phase space. Current models for diffractive photon dissociation are compared to the data.
This article describes different approaches to investigate the behavior of parton evolution in the proton by exploiting various aspects of the hadronic final state produced in Deep Inelastic Scattering Events at HERA.
Recent measurements of Charm and Beauty production at HERA are described. The charm results are well described by NLO QCD calculations with a somewhat better description in the CCFM than in the DGLAP evolution schemes. However, the Beauty results in both photoproduction and in deep inelastic scattering (DIS) are poorly described by such calculations.
The latest measurements of the cross sections for neutral and charged current deep inelastic scattering in e+/-p collisions at HERA with longitudinally polarised lepton beams are presented. The measured cross sections are compared with the predictions of the Standard Model. Next-to-leading-order QCD analyses of HERA data are also presented. The analyses yield the parton distribution functions of the proton and are extended to also extract electroweak parameters. The determinations from HERA are compared with those from LEP and the Tevatron.
An overview is given of the ongoing measurement at HERA of the parton structure of the photon, as a function of its virtuality. Preliminary ZEUS results show disagreement with an NLO QCD calculation.
Results on jet measurements in neutral current deep inelastic scattering at HERA are presented. The low-$x_{Bj}$ and low-$Q^2$ region is explicitly investigated using forward jet production and the azimuthal asymmetry between jets in dijet production. Recent results on the determination of the strong coupling constant, $α_s(M_Z)$, are discussed.
Correlations in deep-inelastic scattering at HERA are investigated in order to test perturbative QCD and quark fragmentation universality. Two-particle correlations at small angular separations are measured in the Breit frame and compared to e+e- collisions. Also presented are the correlations between the current and target regions of the Breit frame.
Measurements of inclusive-jet and dijet cross-sections in high-Q2 deep-inelastic scattering are presented together with a short overview of extractions of the strong coupling parameter alpha_S from jets. The data samples used were collected with the ZEUS detector at HERA-1 and HERA-2. The measured distributions are compared to QCD calculations in next-to-leading order which describe the data very well. The various determinations of alpha_S give a consistent picture, have competitive uncertainties and clearly demonstrate the running of the coupling predicted by QCD.
