We study an iteration approach to solve the coupled algebraic Riccati equations when they appear in general two player closed-loop type Nash differential games over an infinite time horizon. Also, we propose an effective algorithm for finding positive definite solutions. In particular, we present various numerical examples connected with matrix Riccati equations according to different dimensions.
By exploiting the connection between solving algebraic $\top$-Riccati equations and computing certain deflating subspaces of $\top$-palindromic matrix pencils, we obtain theoretical and computational results on both problems. Theoretically, we introduce conditions to avoid the presence of modulus-one eigenvalues in a $\top$-palindromic matrix pencil and conditions for the existence of solutions of a $\top$-Riccati equation. Computationally, we improve the palindromic QZ algorithm with a new ordering procedure and introduce new algorithms for computing a deflating subspace of the $\top$-palindr…
We identify a relationship between the solutions of a nonsymmetric algebraic T-Riccati equation (T-NARE) and the deflating subspaces of a palindromic matrix pencil, obtained by arranging the coefficients of the T-NARE. The interplay between T-NARE and palindromic pencils allows one to derive both theoretical properties of the solutions of the equation, and new methods for its numerical solution. In particular, we propose methods based on the (palindromic) QZ algorithm and the doubling algorithm, whose effectiveness is demonstrated by several numerical tests
In \emph{Guo et al, arXiv:2005.08288}, we propose a decoupled form of the structure-preserving doubling algorithm (dSDA). The method decouples the original two to four coupled recursions, enabling it to solve large-scale algebraic Riccati equations and other related problems. In this paper, we consider the numerical computations of the novel dSDA for solving large-scale continuous-time algebraic Riccati equations with low-rank structures (thus possessing numerically low-rank solutions). With the help of a new truncation strategy, the rank of the approximate solution is controlled. Consequently…
The numerical solution of the algebraic Riccati equation is a challenging task especially for very large problem dimensions. In this paper we present a new algorithm that combines the very appealing computational features of projection methods with the convergence properties of the inexact Newton-Kleinman procedure equipped with a line search. In particular, the Newton scheme is completely merged in a projection framework with a single approximation space so that the Newton-Kleinman iteration is only implicitly performed. Moreover, the line search turns out to be exact in our setting, i.e., th…
We consider the numerical solution of large-scale M-matrix algebraic Riccati equations with low-rank structures. We derive a new doubling iteration, decoupling the four original iteration formulae in the alternating-directional doubling algorithm. We prove that the kernels in the decoupled algorithm are small M-matrices. Illumined by the highly accurate algorithm proposed by Xue and Li in 2017, we construct the triplet representations for the small M-matrix kernels in a highly accurate doubling algorithm. Illustrative numerical examples will be presented on the efficiency of our algorithm.
In this paper we consider a class of conjugate discrete-time Riccati equations, arising originally from the linear quadratic regulation problem for discrete-time antilinear systems. Under some mild assumptions and the framework of the fixed-point iteration, a constructive proof is given for the existence of the maximal solution to the conjugate discrete-time Riccati equation, in which the control weighting matrix is nonsingular and its constant term is Hermitian. Moreover, starting with a suitable initial matrix, we also show that the nonincreasing sequence generated by the fixed-point iterati…
In this paper, applying the Newton method, we transform the complex continuous-time algebraic Riccati matrix equation into a Lyapunov equation. Then, we introduce an efficient general alternating-direction implicit (GADI) method to solve the Lyapunov equation. The inexact Newton-GADI method is presented to save computational amount effectively. Moreover, we analyze the convergence of the Newton-GADI method. The convergence rate of the Newton-GADI and Newton-ADI methods is compared by analyzing their spectral radii. Furthermore, we give a way to select the quasi-optimal parameter. Corresponding…
In this paper, we discuss numerical methods for solving large-scale continuous-time algebraic Riccati equations. These methods have been the focus of intensive research in recent years, and significant progress has been made in both the theoretical understanding and efficient implementation of various competing algorithms. There are several goals of this manuscript: first, to gather in one place an overview of different approaches for solving large-scale Riccati equations, and to point to the recent advances in each of them. Second, to analyze and compare the main computational ingredients of …
This paper extends the algorithm of Benner, Heinkenschloss, Saak, and Weichelt: An inexact low-rank Newton-ADI method for large-scale algebraic Riccati equations, Applied Numerical Mathematics Vol.~108 (2016), pp.~125--142, doi:10.1016/j.apnum.2016.05.006 to Riccati equations associated with Hessenberg index-2 Differential Algebratic Equation (DAE) systems. Such DAE systems arise, e.g., from semi-discretized, linearized (around steady state) Navier-Stokes equations. The solution of the associated Riccati equation is important, e.g., to compute feedback laws that stabilize the Navier-Stokes equ…
For large-scale discrete-time algebraic Riccati equations (DAREs) with high-rank nonlinear and constant terms, the stabilizing solutions are no longer numerically low-rank, resulting in the obstacle in the computation and storage. However, in some proper control problems such as power systems, the potential structure of the state matrix -- banded-plus-low-rank, might make the large-scale computation essentially workable. In this paper, a factorized structure-preserving doubling algorithm (FSDA) is developed under the frame of the banded inverse of nonlinear and constant terms. The detailed ite…
Algebraic Riccati equations (AREs) have been extensively applicable in linear optimal control problems and many efficient numerical methods were developed. The most attention of numerical solutions is the (almost) stabilizing solution in the past works. Nevertheless, it is an interesting and challenging issue in finding the extremal solutions of AREs which play a vital role in the applications. In this paper, based on the semigroup property, an accelerated fixed-point iteration (AFPI) is developed for solving the extremal solutions of the discrete-time algebraic Riccati equation. In addition, …
The discrete-time algebraic Riccati equation (DARE) have extensive applications in optimal control problems. We provide new theoretical supports to the stability properties of solutions to the DARE and reduce the convergence conditions under which the accelerated fixed-point iteration (AFPI) can be applied to compute the numerical solutions of DARE. In particular, we verify that the convergence of AFPI is R-superlinear when the spectral radius of the closed-loop matrix is greater than 1, which is shown by mild assumption and only using primary matrix theories. Numerical examples are shown to i…
We review a family of algorithms for Lyapunov- and Riccati-type equations which are all related to each other by the idea of \emph{doubling}: they construct the iterate $Q_k = X_{2^k}$ of another naturally-arising fixed-point iteration $(X_h)$ via a sort of repeated squaring. The equations we consider are Stein equations $X - A^*XA=Q$, Lyapunov equations $A^*X+XA+Q=0$, discrete-time algebraic Riccati equations $X=Q+A^*X(I+GX)^{-1}A$, continuous-time algebraic Riccati equations $Q+A^*X+XA-XGX=0$, palindromic quadratic matrix equations $A+QY+A^*Y^2=0$, and nonlinear matrix equations $X+A^*X^{-1}…
Algebraic Riccati equations with indefinite quadratic terms play an important role in applications related to robust controller design. While there are many established approaches to solve these in case of small-scale dense coefficients, there is no approach available to compute solutions in the large-scale sparse setting. In this paper, we develop an iterative method to compute low-rank approximations of stabilizing solutions of large-scale sparse continuous-time algebraic Riccati equations with indefinite quadratic terms. We test the developed approach for dense examples in comparison to oth…
Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Information Processing of Ministry of Education, Hunan Key Laboratory for Computation and Simulation in Science and Engineering, School of Mathematics and Computational Science, Xiangtan University（湘潭大学数学与计算科学学院）
The differential Riccati equation appears in different fields of applied mathematics like control and system theory. Recently Galerkin methods based on Krylov subspaces were developed for the autonomous differential Riccati equation. These methods overcome the prohibitively large storage requirements and computational costs of the numerical solution. In view of memory efficient approximation, we review and extend known solution formulas and identify invariant subspaces for a possibly low-dimensional solution representation. Based on these theoretical findings, we propose a Galerkin projection …
The approximate solution of large-scale algebraic Riccati equations is considered. We are interested in approximate solutions which yield a Riccati residual matrix of a particular small rank. It is assumed that such approximate solutions can be written in factored form $ZYZ^*$ with a rectangular matrix $Z$ and a small quadratic matrix $Y$. We propose to choose $Z$ such that its columns span a certain rational Krylov subspace. Conditions under which such an approximate solution exists and is unique are determined. It is shown that the proposed method can be interpreted as an oblique projection …
Differential algebraic Riccati equations are at the heart of many applications in control theory. They are time-depent, matrix-valued, and in particular nonlinear equations that require special methods for their solution. Low-rank methods have been used heavily computing a low-rank solution at every step of a time-discretization. We propose the use of an all-at-once space-time solution leading to a large nonlinear space-time problem for which we propose the use of a Newton-Kleinman iteration. Approximating the space-time problem in low-rank form requires fewer applications of the discretized d…
We consider the numerical solution of large-scale symmetric differential matrix Riccati equations. Under certain hypotheses on the data, reduced order methods have recently arisen as a promising class of solution strategies, by forming low-rank approximations to the sought after solution at selected timesteps. We show that great computational and memory savings are obtained by a reduction process onto rational Krylov subspaces, as opposed to current approaches. By specifically addressing the solution of the reduced differential equation and reliable stopping criteria, we are able to obtain acc…
Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers（国立工艺院）；Applications Scientifiques du Calcul Intensif（强化计算科学应用）；Université Louis Pasteur Institut de Recherche Mathématique Avancée（路易·巴斯德大学高级数学研究所）
In the first part of this article, we study feedback stabilization of a parabolic coupled system by using localized interior controls. The system is feedback stabilizable with exponential decay $-ω<0$ for any $ω>0$. A stabilizing control is found in feedback form by solving a suitable algebraic Riccati equation. In the second part, a conforming finite element method is employed to approximate the continuous system by a finite dimensional discrete system. The approximated system is also feedback stabilizable (uniformly) with exponential decay $-ω+ε$, for any $ε>0$ and the feedback control is ob…
A Convergent Algorithm Based on Deterministic Approximation for a Large Class of Regime-Switching Generalized Stochastic Game-Theoretic Riccati Differential Equations
