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arXiv 2010.13670astro-ph.HEastro-ph.GA
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强大的河外喷流在远离中央黑洞的地方耗散了它们的动能

Powerful extragalactic jets dissipate their kinetic energy far from the central black hole

Adam Leah W. Harvey, Markos Georganopoulos, Eileen T. Meyer

摘要:

某些活动星系核(AGN)中的超大质量黑洞的吸积驱动了相对论性等离子体喷流,这些喷流将相当大一部分动能耗散成伽马射线辐射。能量耗散在强大的河外喷流中的位置目前尚不清楚,这与粒子加速、喷流形成、喷流准直和能量耗散有关。以前的研究已经无法限制的位置之间的可能性,从次秒差距尺度的宽线区域的秒差距尺度的分子环面,并超越。在这里,我们使用一个简单的诊断,更遥远的分子环面是强大的射流的主导位置。这个诊断,称为种子因子,是唯一的种子光子人口在伽玛射线发射的位置,仅依赖于可观测的数量。使用$62$多波长,准同时光谱的伽马射线类星体的能量分布,我们发现一个种子因子分布的峰值对应于分子环面的值,表明能量耗散发生$\sim 1$秒差距从黑洞(或$\sim 10^{4}$ Schwarzchild半径的$10^{9}M_{\odot}$黑洞)。

英文摘要:

Accretion onto the supermassive black hole in some active galactic nuclei (AGN) drives relativistic jets of plasma, which dissipate a significant fraction of their kinetic energy into gamma-ray radiation. The location of energy dissipation in powerful extragalactic jets is currently unknown, with implications for particle acceleration, jet formation, jet collimation, and energy dissipation. Previous studies have been unable to constrain the location between possibilities ranging from the sub-parsec-scale broad-line region to the parsec-scale molecular torus, and beyond. Here we show using a simple diagnostic that the more distant molecular torus is the dominant location for powerful jets. This diagnostic, called the seed factor, is dependent only on observable quantities, and is unique to the seed photon population at the location of gamma-ray emission. Using $62$ multiwavelength, quasi-simultaneous spectral energy distributions of gamma-ray quasars, we find a seed factor distribution which peaks at a value corresponding to the molecular torus, demonstrating that energy dissipation occurs $\sim 1$ parsec from the black hole (or $\sim 10^{4}$ Schwarzchild radii for a $10^{9}M_{\odot}$ black hole).

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