Magnetic phase transitions often occur spontaneously at specific critical temperatures. The presence of more than one critical temperature (Tc) has been observed in several compounds where the coexistence of competing magnetic orders highlights the importance of phase separation driven by different factors such as pressure, temperature and chemical composition. However, it is unknown whether recently discovered two-dimensional (2D) van der Walls (vdW) magnetic materials show such intriguing phenomena that can result in rich phase diagrams with novel magnetic features to be explored. Here we show the existence of three magnetic phase transitions at different Tc's in 2D vdW magnet CrI3 revealed by a complementary suite of muon spin relaxation-rotation, superconducting quantum interference device magnetometry, and large-scale atomistic simulations including higher-order exchange interactions. We find that the traditionally identified Curie temperature of bulk CrI3 at 61 K does not correspond to the long-range order in the full volume (VM) of the crystal but rather a partial transition with less than 25% of VM being magnetically spin-ordered. This transition is composed of highly disordered domains with the easy-axis component of the magnetization Sz not being fully spin-polarized but disordered by in-plane components (Sx, Sy) over the entire layer. As the system cools down, two additional phase transitions at 50 K and 25 K drive the system to 80% and nearly 100% of the magnetically ordered volume, respectively, where the ferromagnetic ground state has a marked Sz character yet also displaying finite contributions of Sx and Sy to the total magnetization. Our results indicate that volume-wise competing electronic phases play an important role in the magnetic properties of CrI3 which set a much lower threshold temperature for exploitation in magnetic device-platforms than initially considered.
Importance of Paramagnetic Background Subtraction for Determining the Magnetic Moment in Epitaxially Grown Monolayer and Few-Layer van der Waals Magnets
A van der Waals Interface Hosting Two Groups of Magnetic Skyrmions
多个磁性Skyrmion相为基于Skyrmion的超高密度自旋存储器件增加了额外的自由度。将磁场扩展到二维范德华磁体是一个有益的挑战,其中可实现的自由度(例如厚度,扭曲角和电门控)和高skyrmion密度导致有趣的新特性和增强的功能。我们报告了一个范德华界面,该界面由两个居里温度分别为~65 K和~205 K的二维铁磁体Cr2 Ge 2 Te 6和Fe 3GeTe 2形成,其中包含两组磁skyrmion。在60 K以下观察到Cr2 Ge 2 Te 6磁有序时的两组拓扑霍尔效应。这两组skyrmions直接成像使用磁力显微镜。有趣的是,在零外加磁场的情况下,磁skyrmion仍然存在于异质结中。我们的研究结果是有希望的实现skyrmion设备的基础上,范德华异质结构托管多skyrmion阶段。
1D van der Waals Material Tellurium: Raman Spectroscopy under Strain and Magneto-transport
本文介绍了一维范德华材料碲在应变和磁输运作用下的拉曼光谱实验。拉曼光谱测量已经进行了沿不同主轴的应变。由于强的链内共价键,观察到沿c轴的显著应变响应,而由于弱的链间范德华相互作用,沿a轴没有获得应变响应。磁输运结果进一步验证了其各向异性特性,在三个不同的磁场方向上表现出明显不同的磁电阻行为。具体地,从弱反局域化效应提取的相位相干长度L $_Φ$ ~ T $^{-0.5}$,当施加的磁场垂直于薄膜时,声称其2D输运特性。相反,当磁场沿Te的c轴方向时,L $_Φ$ ~ T $^{-0.33}$由普适电导涨落得到,表明其沿螺旋原子链的一维输运性质.我们的研究,这是获得高品质的单晶碲薄膜,似乎作为其一维范德华结构的强有力的证据,从实验的角度来看。这是本文的目的,以解决这个特殊的概念,不同于以前研究的一维纳米线或二维范德华材料。
Evidence of standing spin-waves in a van der Waals magnetic material
在自旋电子学领域中,自旋波由于具有取代电子的潜力而被研究用于数据存储、通信和逻辑电路。最近在二维(2D)系统(例如单层CrI $_3$和Cr $_2$ Ge $_2$ Te $_6$)中磁性的发现导致了对2D极限中磁性的这种应用的重新兴趣。在这里,我们提出了直接的证据,随着范德华磁性材料,CrCl $_3$的统一旋进共振模式的自旋驻波。我们的实验是第一次直接观察到的自旋波驻波模式,在20 $μ$ m的厚度,在范德华材料。我们检测到的反铁磁共振的光学和声学分支附近的自旋驻波。我们还观察到磁振子-磁振子耦合、共振模随温度的软化以及层间交换场随温度的演化。
Selectively controlled ferromagnets by electric fields in van der Waals ferromagnetic heterojunctions
电荷转移在异质结构的界面处起着关键作用,它可以影响电子结构,并最终影响材料的物理性质。然而,一旦界面形成,电荷转移就难以在外部操纵。在这里,我们报告的Fe 3GeTe 2/Cr2 Ge 2 Te 6/Fe 3GeTe 2全磁范德华异质结构,它可以被用来选择性地修改顶部或底部Fe 3GeTe 2电极的磁性能的电可调电荷转移。从金属Fe 3GeTe 2到半导体Cr2 Ge 2 Te 6的定向电荷转移显著地改变了Fe 3GeTe 2的磁各向异性能,导致显著抑制的双折射率。在这项研究中所展示的铁磁体的电选择性控制可以刺激基于范德华磁体的自旋电子器件的发展。
Electric-field control of magnetism in few-layered van der Waals magnet
利用静电门技术操纵量子态是纳米电子学中许多模型系统的研究热点。当涉及到控制电子自旋的问题时,更具体地说,系统的磁性,用电场调谐已被证明是难以捉摸的。近年来,磁性层状半导体由于其新的物理现象而引起了人们的广泛关注。然而,在基于它们的栅极可控磁性的演示中仍然存在挑战。在这里,我们表明,通过离子门控,可以观察到强场效应在几层半导体Cr $_{2}$ Ge $_{2}$ Te $_{6}$设备。在不同的栅极掺杂,在所研究的设备中的微区克尔测量表明可调谐的磁化循环低于居里温度,这是暂时归因于自旋极化的能带结构的力矩重新平衡。我们在范德华磁体中的电场控制磁性的发现为新一代磁存储器、传感器和自旋电子学的潜在应用铺平了道路。
Strain Tuning of Orbital-Driven Giant Magnetoresistance in van der Waals ferrimagnet Mn$_3$Si$_2$Te$_6$
Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo(东京大学固体离子体研究所);The University of Tokyo(东京大学);Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester(曼彻斯特大学物理与天文学系);The University of Manchester(曼彻斯特大学);Department of Physics, Institute of Science Tokyo(东京科学大学物理系);Institute of Science Tokyo(东京科学大学)
Geometry-Controlled Magnetic and Electronic Landscapes in Anisotropic van der Waals Materials
Wroclaw University of Science and Technology(弗罗茨瓦夫理工大学);University of Warsaw(华沙大学);Wrocław University of Science and Technology(弗罗茨瓦夫理工大学);University of Chemistry and Technology Prague(布拉格化工大学)
Spin waves in the bilayer van der Waals magnet CrSBr
Delft University of Technology(代尔夫特理工大学);V.G. Baryakhtar Institute of Magnetism of the NAS of Ukraine(乌克兰国家科学院V.G.巴里亚赫塔尔磁学研究所);Institute of Spintronics and Quantum Information, Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, Adam Mickiewicz University(亚当·密茨凯维奇大学物理与天文学学院自旋电子学与量子信息研究所);WPI-AIMR & IMR & CSIS, Tohoku University(东北大学WPI-先进物质与器件研究所(IMR)及材料系统国际研究前沿中心(CSIS));Kavli Institute for Theoretical Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(中国科学院大学卡弗里理论科学研究所)