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arXiv 2010.04537cs.ITmath.IT
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基于加权MMSE等价的频谱效率最大化部分连接混合波束形成

Partially-Connected Hybrid Beamforming for Spectral Efficiency Maximization via a Weighted MMSE Equivalence

Xingyu Zhao, Tian Lin, Yu Zhu, Jun Zhang

摘要:

混合波束形成(HBF)是一种用于实际大规模多输入多输出(MIMO)毫米波(mmWave)系统的有吸引力的技术。与完全连接的HBF结构相比,部分连接的HBF结构可以进一步降低硬件成本和功耗。然而,其模拟波束形成矩阵的特殊块对角结构带来了额外的设计挑战。在本文中,我们开发了有效的HBF算法的频谱效率最大化(SEM)的毫米波大规模MIMO系统的部分连接架构。一个主要的贡献是,我们证明了等价的SEM问题和矩阵加权和均方误差最小化(WMMSE)的问题,这导致了一个方便的算法方法来直接解决SEM问题。具体来说,我们分解成混合预编码和混合组合的子问题,其中最佳的数字预编码器和组合器的等效WMMSE问题具有封闭形式的解决方案。对于更有挑战性的模拟预编码器和组合器,我们提出了一个基于元素迭代的算法和流形优化的算法。最后,交替地更新混合预编码器和组合器。整体HBF算法被证明是单调增加的频谱效率和收敛。此外,我们还提出了改进的算法,降低了计算复杂性和有限分辨率移相器。仿真结果表明,所提出的HBF算法实现了显着的性能增益比传统的算法。

英文摘要:

Hybrid beamforming (HBF) is an attractive technology for practical massive multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) millimeter wave (mmWave) systems. Compared with the fully-connected HBF architecture, the partially-connected one can further reduce the hardware cost and power consumption. However, the special block diagonal structure of its analog beamforming matrix brings additional design challenges. In this paper, we develop effective HBF algorithms for spectral efficiency maximization (SEM) in mmWave massive MIMO systems with the partially-connected architecture. One main contribution is that we prove the equivalence of the SEM problem and a matrix weighted sum mean square error minimization (WMMSE) problem, which leads to a convenient algorithmic approach to directly tackle the SEM problem. Specifically, we decompose the equivalent WMMSE problem into the hybrid precoding and hybrid combining subproblems, for which both the optimal digital precoder and combiner have closed-form solutions. For the more challenging analog precoder and combiner, we propose an element iteration based algorithm and a manifold optimization based algorithm. Finally, the hybrid precoder and combiner are alternatively updated. The overall HBF algorithms are proved to monotonously increase the spectral efficiency and converge. Furthermore, we also propose modified algorithms with reduced computational complexity and finite-resolution phase shifters. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed HBF algorithms achieve significant performance gains over conventional algorithms.

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