arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 2010.03060cs.LGcs.CLcs.CVeess.IV
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对比跨模态预训练:小样本医学成像的通用策略

Contrastive Cross-Modal Pre-Training: A General Strategy for Small Sample Medical Imaging

University of Kentucky(肯塔基大学);Eastern Kentucky University(东肯塔基大学)

Gongbo Liang, Connor Greenwell, Yu Zhang, Xiaoqin Wang, Ramakanth Kavuluru, Nathan Jacobs

摘要:

针对给定的医学成像任务训练神经网络的关键挑战通常是难以获得足够数量的手动标记的示例。相比之下,通常在医疗记录中容易获得的文本成像报告包含由专家编写的丰富但非结构化的解释,作为标准临床实践的一部分。我们建议使用这些文本报告作为一种形式的弱监督,以提高神经网络的图像判读性能,而不需要额外的手动标记的例子。我们使用图像-文本匹配任务来训练特征提取器,然后使用小的标记数据集在迁移学习设置中对监督任务进行微调。最终的结果是一个神经网络,它可以自动解释图像,而无需在推理过程中提供文本报告。这种方法可以应用于文本图像对容易获得的任何任务。我们在三个分类任务上评估了我们的方法,并发现了一致的性能改进,将对标记数据的需求减少了67%-98%。

英文摘要:

A key challenge in training neural networks for a given medical imaging task is often the difficulty of obtaining a sufficient number of manually labeled examples. In contrast, textual imaging reports, which are often readily available in medical records, contain rich but unstructured interpretations written by experts as part of standard clinical practice. We propose using these textual reports as a form of weak supervision to improve the image interpretation performance of a neural network without requiring additional manually labeled examples. We use an image-text matching task to train a feature extractor and then fine-tune it in a transfer learning setting for a supervised task using a small labeled dataset. The end result is a neural network that automatically interprets imagery without requiring textual reports during inference. This approach can be applied to any task for which text-image pairs are readily available. We evaluate our method on three classification tasks and find consistent performance improvements, reducing the need for labeled data by 67%-98%.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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