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arXiv 2010.01042astro-ph.GA
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分子shock waves中的自生紫外辐射I. Lyman $α$、Lyman $β$和双光子连续谱的效应

Self-generated ultraviolet radiation in molecular shock waves I. Effects of Lyman $α$, Lyman $β$, and two-photon continuum

A. Lehmann, B. Godard, G. Pineau des Forêts, E. Falgarone

摘要:

激波在星际和星系间介质中无处不在,它们的化学和辐射特征揭示了它们产生的物理条件。详细的天体化学模型的冲击,在所有的速度是必要的,以了解物理学的许多环境,包括原恒星外流,超新星遗迹,和银河系外流。我们提出了一个准确的治疗自生紫外辐射在中速,固定,弱磁化,J型,分子冲击。使用多级加速$Λ$迭代辐射传输算法对用Paris-Durham激波代码计算的激波解进行后处理,以计算Ly $α$、Ly $β$和2光子连续发射。随后对关键原子和分子物种的电离和解离以及对光电效应的加热的影响考虑了波长相关的横截面和流体速度分布。我们分析了速度为$V=25-60$ km/s的激波模型,在致密的($n \geq 10^4$ ${\rm cm}^{-3}$)屏蔽气体中传播。自吸收将Ly $α$光子捕获在激波中的一个小区域内,尽管大部分光子逃逸到线翼中。我们发现一个临界速度$V\sim 30$ km/s以上的冲击产生一个Ly $α$光子通量超过标准ISRF。逃逸的光子在激波前产生一个暖板(T~100 K)以及预电离的C和S。这些冲击是由明亮的原子精细结构(如O和S)和亚稳(如O和C)线,实质性的分子发射(如H2,OH和CO),增强柱密度的几个物种(如CH+和HCO+),以及一个严重的破坏H2O。如果辐射前体中的尘埃不透明性允许的话,激波初始动能的13-21%以Ly $α$和Ly $β$光子的形式逃逸。

英文摘要:

Shocks are ubiquitous in the interstellar and intergalactic media, where their chemical and radiative signatures reveal the physical conditions in which they arise. Detailed astrochemical models of shocks at all velocities are necessary to understand the physics of many environments including protostellar outflows, supernova remnants, and galactic outflows. We present an accurate treatment of the self-generated UV radiation in intermediate velocity, stationary, weakly magnetised, J-type, molecular shocks. Shock solutions computed with the Paris-Durham shock code are post-processed using a multi-level accelerated $Λ$-iteration radiative transfer algorithm to compute Ly$α$, Ly$β$, and 2-photon continuum emission. The subsequent impacts on the ionisation and dissociation of key atomic and molecular species as well as on the heating by the photoelectric effect take the wavelength dependent cross-sections and the fluid velocity profile into account. We analyse shock models with velocities $V=25-60$ km/s, propagating in dense ($n \geq 10^4$ ${\rm cm}^{-3}$), shielded gas. Self-absorption traps Ly$α$ photons in a small region in the shock, though a large fraction escapes into the line wings. We find a critical velocity $V\sim 30$ km/s above which shocks produce a Ly$α$ photon flux exceeding that of the standard ISRF. The escaping photons generate a warm slab (T~100 K) ahead of the shock as well as pre-ionise C and S. These shocks are traced by bright atomic fine structure (e.g. O and S) and metastable (e.g. O and C) lines, substantive molecular emission (e.g. H2, OH, and CO), enhanced column densities of several species (e.g. CH+ and HCO+), as well as a severe destruction of H2O. As much as 13-21% of the initial kinetic energy of the shock escapes in Ly$α$ and Ly$β$ photons if the dust opacity in the radiative precursor allows it.

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