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arXiv 2009.14232astro-ph.GA
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来自$z=0.4$大质量椭圆中多相气体发现的晚期反馈证据

Evidence for Late-Time Feedback from the Discovery of Multiphase Gas in a Massive Elliptical at $z=0.4$

Fakhri S. Zahedy, Hsiao-Wen Chen, Erin Boettcher, Michael Rauch, K. Decker French, Ann Zabludoff

摘要:

我们报告的第一个检测多相气体在一个静止的星系超越$z\approx0$。观测使用双透镜类星体HE 0047 $-$ 1756的较亮图像来探测位于$z_\mathrm{gal}=0.408$的大质量($M_{\rm star}\approx 10^{11} \mathrm{M_\odot}$)椭圆透镜星系的ISM。利用哈勃空间望远镜的宇宙起源摄谱仪(COS),我们获得了透镜类星体的中分辨率FUV光谱,并在投影距离$d=4.6$ kpc处识别出透镜ISM中$\mathrm{H_2}$的大量吸收特征。$\mathrm{H_2}$柱密度为$\log N(\mathrm{H_2})/\mathrm{cm^{-2}}=17.8^{+0.1}_{-0.3}$,分子气体分数为$f_\mathrm{H_2}=2-5\%$,与某些局部静止星系大致一致。新的COS光谱还揭示了运动学复杂的吸收功能,从高度电离的物种O VI和N V的柱密度日志$N(\mathrm{O VI})/\mathrm{cm^{-2}} =15.2\pm0.1$和日志$N(\mathrm{N V})/\mathrm{cm^{-2}} =14.6\pm0.1$,其中已知的最高的外部星系。假设高电离吸收功能起源于一个短暂的温暖($T\sim10^5\,$ K)阶段进行辐射冷却从周围的星系热晕,我们推断质量吸积率$\sim 0.5-1.5\,\mathrm{M_\odot\,yr^{-1}}$。透镜中没有恒星形成,这意味着大部分气流返回到热晕,这意味着$\sim10^{48}\,\mathrm{erg\,yr^{-1}}$的加热速率。来自演化恒星群(主要是SNe Ia,但也有来自AGB恒星的风)的持续加热可能足以防止ISM中大量的冷气体积累,即使没有来自活跃核的强烈反馈。

英文摘要:

We report the first detection of multiphase gas within a quiescent galaxy beyond $z\approx0$. The observations use the brighter image of doubly lensed QSO HE 0047$-$1756 to probe the ISM of the massive ($M_{\rm star}\approx 10^{11} \mathrm{M_\odot}$) elliptical lens galaxy at $z_\mathrm{gal}=0.408$. Using Hubble Space Telescope's Cosmic Origins Spectrograph (COS), we obtain a medium-resolution FUV spectrum of the lensed QSO and identify numerous absorption features from $\mathrm{H_2}$ in the lens ISM at projected distance $d=4.6$ kpc. The $\mathrm{H_2}$ column density is $\log N(\mathrm{H_2})/\mathrm{cm^{-2}}=17.8^{+0.1}_{-0.3}$ with a molecular gas fraction of $f_\mathrm{H_2}=2-5\%$, roughly consistent with some local quiescent galaxies. The new COS spectrum also reveals kinematically complex absorption features from highly ionized species O VI and N V with column densities log $N(\mathrm{O VI})/\mathrm{cm^{-2}} =15.2\pm0.1$ and log $N(\mathrm{N V})/\mathrm{cm^{-2}} =14.6\pm0.1$, among the highest known in external galaxies. Assuming the high-ionization absorption features originate in a transient warm ($T\sim10^5\,$K) phase undergoing radiative cooling from a hot halo surrounding the galaxy, we infer a mass accretion rate of $\sim 0.5-1.5\,\mathrm{M_\odot\,yr^{-1}}$. The lack of star formation in the lens suggests the bulk of this flow is returned to the hot halo, implying a heating rate of $\sim10^{48}\,\mathrm{erg\,yr^{-1}}$. Continuous heating from evolved stellar populations (primarily SNe Ia but also winds from AGB stars) may suffice to prevent a large accumulation of cold gas in the ISM, even in the absence of strong feedback from an active nucleus.

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