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arXiv 2009.09648physics.soc-phcs.SIq-bio.QM
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使用全球流动性数据衡量COVID-19大流行期间非药物干预(NPI)对流动性的影响

Measuring the effect of Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions (NPIs) on mobility during the COVID-19 pandemic using global mobility data

Berber T Snoeijer, Mariska Burger, Shaoxiong Sun, Richard JB Dobson, Amos A Folarin

摘要:

实施政府非药物干预措施(NPIs)一直是控制COVID-19疾病传播的主要手段。这些非营利机构的预期效果是减少流动性。流动性的大幅减少被认为通过限制病毒在人群中传播的机会对减少COVID-19传播产生积极影响。由于实施这些非营利机构的成本巨大,因此必须充分了解其功效。使用苹果和谷歌发布的全球流动性数据以及ACAPS NPI数据,我们研究了NPI对i)锁定前后流动性水平之间转变的变化(幅度)大小和ii)这种转变的速度(梯度)的比例贡献。使用广义线性模型来寻找最佳拟合模型,我们使用Apple或Google数据发现了类似的结果。影响移动性变化幅度的NPI包括:封锁措施(Apple,Google Retail and Recreation(RAR)和Google Transit and Stations(TS)),宣布紧急状态(Apple,Google RAR和Google TS),关闭企业和公共服务(Google RAR)和学校关闭(Apple)。使用聚类分析和卡方检验,我们发现,关闭企业和公共服务,学校关闭和限制公众集会以及边境关闭和国际航班暂停密切相关。实施封锁措施和限制公众集会对流动性变化率的影响最大。总之,我们能够定量评估NPI在减少流动性方面的有效性,这使我们能够及时了解其细粒度的影响,从而促进知情和具有成本效益的干预措施。

英文摘要:

The implementation of governmental Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions (NPIs) has been the primary means of controlling the spread of the COVID-19 disease. The intended effect of these NPIs has been to reduce mobility. A strong reduction in mobility is believed to have a positive effect on the reduction of COVID-19 transmission by limiting the opportunity for the virus to spread in the population. Due to the huge costs of implementing these NPIs, it is essential to have a good understanding of their efficacy. Using global mobility data, released by Apple and Google, and ACAPS NPI data, we investigate the proportional contribution of NPIs on i) size of the change (magnitude) of transition between pre- and post-lockdown mobility levels and ii) rate (gradient) of this transition. Using generalized linear models to find the best fit model we found similar results using Apple or Google data. NPIs found to impact the magnitude of the change in mobility were: Lockdown measures (Apple, Google Retail and Recreation (RAR) and Google Transit and Stations (TS)), declaring a state of emergency (Apple, Google RAR and Google TS), closure of businesses and public services (Google RAR) and school closures (Apple). Using cluster analysis and chi square tests we found that closure of businesses and public services, school closures and limiting public gatherings as well as border closures and international flight suspensions were closely related. The implementation of lockdown measures and limiting public gatherings had the greatest effect on the rate of mobility change. In conclusion, we were able to quantitatively assess the efficacy of NPIs in reducing mobility, which enables us to understand their fine grained effects in a timely manner and therefore facilitate well-informed and cost-effective interventions.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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