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arXiv 2009.09156astro-ph.GA
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在整个宇宙时间内形成IMBH的新通道

A new channel to form IMBHs throughout cosmic time

Priyamvada Natarajan

摘要:

虽然第一个黑洞在高红移时的形成是相当好的理解,但有争议,大质量黑洞在后来的宇宙时代的形成还没有得到充分的探索。我们提出了一个气体吸积驱动的机制,可以建立黑洞质量迅速在密集的,富含气体的核星团(NSC)。NSC中初始游荡黑洞的风馈超指数吸积可以导致极快的增长,将恒星质量残余种子黑洞扩展到中等质量黑洞(IMBHs)。在整个宇宙时间内,通过这个新通道的生长受到气体供应的调制,过早终止导致质量在50 - 100个太阳质量范围内的较低质量黑洞的形成,填充所谓的质量间隙。然而,在大多数富含气体的NSC中,生长是不受阻碍的,不可避免地导致形成质量在100 - 100,000太阳质量之间的IMBH。从LIGO-VIRGO源GW 190521到低质量矮星系中10^5个太阳质量的黑洞的出现,一系列新的探测跨越了IMBH质量函数的全部范围,揭示了这个难以捉摸的种群。自然地解释了在低质量矮星中检测到的偏离中心的IMBH的存在,这条新的途径也预测了在更大质量的星系中存在大量游荡的非中心黑洞,它们可以通过潮汐破裂事件和GW源来检测。富含气体的神经干细胞作为孵化器,在整个宇宙时间内不断形成质量范围很广的黑洞。

英文摘要:

While the formation of the first black holes at high redshift is reasonably well understood though debated, massive black hole formation at later cosmic epochs has not been adequately explored. We present a gas accretion driven mechanism that can build up black hole masses rapidly in dense, gas-rich nuclear star clusters (NSCs). Wind-fed supra-exponential accretion of an initially wandering black hole in NSCs can lead to extremely fast growth, scaling stellar mass remnant seed black holes up to intermediate mass black holes (IMBHs). Operating throughout cosmic time, growth via this new channel is modulated by the gas supply, and premature termination results in the formation of lower mass black holes with masses in the range of 50 - few 100 solar masses, filling in the so-called mass gap. However, in most gas-rich NSCs, growth is unimpeded, inevitably leading to the formation of IMBHs with masses ranging from 100 - 100,000 solar masses. A spate of new detection spanning the full range of the IMBH mass function - from the LIGO-VIRGO source GW190521 to the emerging population of 10^5 solar mass black holes harbored in low-mass dwarf galaxies - are revealing this elusive population. Naturally accounting for the detected presence of off-center IMBHs in low-mass dwarfs, this new pathway also predicts the existence of an extensive population of wandering non-central black holes in more massive galaxies would be detectable via tidal disruption events and as GW sources. Gas-rich NSCs serve as incubators for the continual formation of black holes over a wide range in mass throughout cosmic time.

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