The TESS-Keck Survey II: An Ultra-Short Period Rocky Planet and its Siblings Transiting the Galactic Thick-Disk Star TOI-561
Lauren M. Weiss, Fei Dai, Daniel Huber, John M. Brewer, Karen A. Collins, David R. Ciardi, Elisabeth C. Matthews, Carl Ziegler, Steve B. Howell, Natalie M. Bata… 展开作者
Lauren M. Weiss, Fei Dai, Daniel Huber, John M. Brewer, Karen A. Collins, David R. Ciardi, Elisabeth C. Matthews, Carl Ziegler, Steve B. Howell, Natalie M. Batalha, Ian J. M> Crossfield, Courtney Dressing, Benjamin Fulton, Andrew W. Howard, Howard Isaacson, Stephen R. Kane, Erik A. Petigura, Paul Robertson, Arpita Roy, Ryan A. Rubenzahl, Joseph D. Twicken, Zachary R. Claytor, Keivan G. Stassun, Mason G. MacDougall, Ashley Chontos, Steven Giacalone, Paul A. Dalba, Teo Mocnik, Michelle L. Hill, Corey Beard, Joseph M. Akana Murphy, Lee J. Rosenthal, Aida Behmard, Judan van Zandt, Jack Lubin, Molly R. Kosiarek, Michael B. Lund, Jessie L. Christiansen, Rachel A. Matson, Charles A. Beichman, Joshua E. Schlieder, Erica J. Gonzales, César Briceño, Nicholas Law, Andrew W. Mann, Kevin I. Collins, Phil Evans, Akihiko Fukui, Eric L. N. Jensen, Felipe Murgas, Norio Narita, Eric Palle, Hannu Parviainen, Richard P. Schwarz, Thiam-Guan Tan, Jack S. Acton, Edwarf M. Bryant, Alexander Chaushev, Philipp Eigmüller, Sam Gill, Jon Jenkins, George Ricker, Sara Seager, Joshua N. Winn
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Accepted at The Astronomical Journal; 25 pages, 10 figures
We report the discovery of TOI-561, a multi-planet system in the galactic thick disk that contains a rocky, ultra-short period planet (USP). This bright ($V=10.2$) star hosts three small transiting planets identified in photometry from the NASA TESS mission: TOI-561 b (TOI-561.02, P=0.44 days, $R_b = 1.45\pm0.11\,R_\oplus$), c (TOI-561.01, P=10.8 days, $R_c=2.90\pm0.13\,R_\oplus$), and d (TOI-561.03, P=16.3 days, $R_d=2.32\pm0.16\,R_\oplus$). The star is chemically ([Fe/H]$=-0.41\pm0.05$, [$α$/H]$=+0.23\pm0.05$) and kinematically consistent with the galactic thick disk population, making TOI-561 one of the oldest ($10\pm3\,$Gyr) and most metal-poor planetary systems discovered yet. We dynamically confirm planets b and c with radial velocities from the W. M. Keck Observatory High Resolution Echelle Spectrometer. Planet b has a mass and density of $3.2\pm0.8\,M_\oplus$ and $5.5^{+2.0}_{-1.6}\,$g$\,$cm$^{-3}$, consistent with a rocky composition. Its lower-than-average density is consistent with an iron-poor composition, although an Earth-like iron-to-silicates ratio is not ruled out. Planet c is $7.0\pm2.3\,M_\oplus$ and $1.6\pm0.6\,$g$\,$cm$^{-3}$, consistent with an interior rocky core overlaid with a low-mass volatile envelope. Several attributes of the photometry for planet d (which we did not detect dynamically) complicate the analysis, but we vet the planet with high-contrast imaging, ground-based photometric follow-up and radial velocities. TOI-561 b is the first rocky world around a galactic thick-disk star confirmed with radial velocities and one of the best rocky planets for thermal emission studies.
TOI-561 is a galactic thick disk star hosting an ultra-short period (0.45 day orbit) planet with a radius of 1.37 R$_{\oplus}$, making it one of the most metal-poor ([Fe/H] = -0.41) and oldest ($\sim$10 Gyr) sites where an Earth-sized planet has been found. We present new simultaneous radial velocity measurements (RVs) from Gemini-N/MAROON-X and Keck/HIRES, which we combined with literature RVs to derive a mass of M$_{b}$=2.24 $\pm$ 0.20 M$_{\oplus}$. We also used two new Sectors of TESS photometry to improve the radius determination, finding R$_{b}$=$1.37 \pm 0.04 R_\oplus$, and confirming th…
Sibling Sub-Neptunes Around Sibling M Dwarfs: TOI-521 and TOI-912
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC)（加那利群岛天体物理研究所）；Universidad de La Laguna (ULL)（拉古纳大学）；Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA-CSIC)（安达卢西亚天体物理研究所）；Hitotsubashi University（一桥大学）；Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC)（加泰罗尼亚空间研究所）；Institut de Ciències de l’Espai (ICE, CSIC)（空间科学研究所）；Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA)（天体生物学中心）；Univ. Grenoble Alpes（格勒诺布尔阿尔卑斯大学）；Institute of Astronomy, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Informatics, Nicolaus Copernicu（尼古拉·哥白尼大学天文系，物理、天文与信息学院）
A transiting hot Jupiter with two outer siblings orbiting an intermediate-mass post main-sequence star
Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie（马克斯·普朗克天文学研究所）；European Southern Observatory（欧洲南方天文台）；Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez（阿道夫·伊巴涅斯大学工程与科学学院）；Millennium Institute for Astrophysics, Chile（智利天体物理学千年研究所）；Space Telescope Science Institute（太空望远镜科学研究所）；Landessternwarte, Zentrum für Astronomie der Universtät Heidelberg（海德堡大学天文学中心州立天文台）；Department of Astronomy, Faculty of Physics, Sofia University “St Kliment Ohridski”（索非亚大学“圣克利门特·奥赫里德斯基”物理学院天文学系）；Instituto de Astrofísica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile（智利天主教大学天体物理研究所）
JWST MIRI reveals a potential atmosphere on the ultra-hot rocky planet TOI-431b
University of Maryland（马里兰大学）；University of Chicago（芝加哥大学）；Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA-CSIC)（安达卢西亚天体物理研究所）；University of Birmingham（伯明翰大学）；Carnegie Science（卡内基科学研究所）；Space Telescope Science Institute（太空望远镜科学研究所）；Peking University（北京大学）
Hidden Gems in TESS: sherlock finds two new rocky planets around nearby M dwarfs
University of Birmingham（伯明翰大学）；Université de Liège（列日大学）；Universidad de Granada（格拉纳达大学）；Avature；Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA-CSIC)（安达卢西亚天体物理研究所）；Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias (IAC)（加那利天体物理研究所）；Massachusetts Institute of Technology（麻省理工学院）；Universidad de Tarapacá（塔拉帕卡大学）；Observatoire de Genève, Département d’Astronomie, Université de Genève（日内瓦大学天文学系天文台）；Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG（格勒诺布尔阿尔卑斯大学）；NASA Ames Research Center（美国国家航空航天局艾姆斯研究中心）
TESS is revolutionising the search for planets orbiting bright and nearby stars. In sectors 3 and 4, TESS observed TOI-402 (TIC-120896927), a bright V=9.1 K1 dwarf also known as HD 15337, and found two transiting signals with period of 4.76 and 17.18 days and radius of 1.90 and 2.21\,\Rearth. This star was observed as part of the radial-velocity search for planets using the HARPS spectrometer, and 85 precise radial-velocity measurements were obtained over a period of 14 years. In this paper, we analyse the HARPS radial-velocity measurements in hand to confirm the planetary nature of these two …
One of the main objectives of the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite ({TESS}) mission is the discovery of small rocky planets around relatively bright nearby stars. Here, we report the discovery and characterization of the transiting super-Earth planet orbiting LHS~1478 (TOI-1640). The star is an inactive red dwarf ($J \sim 9.6$\,mag and spectral type m3\,V) with mass and radius estimates of $0.20\pm0.01$\,$M_{\odot}$ and $0.25\pm0.01$\,$R_{\odot}$, respectively, and an effective temperature of $3381\pm54$\,K.It was observed by \tess in four sectors. These data revealed a transit-like featu…
The First Hubble Detection of a Secondary Eclipse from a Rocky Exoplanet: the 5.4-hour planet TOI-2431 b
Center for Astrophysics, Harvard & Smithsonian（哈佛-史密森天体物理中心）；SRON, Space Research Organisation Netherlands（荷兰空间研究组织）；Leiden Observatory（莱顿天文台）；McGill University（麦吉尔大学）；Max Planck Institute for Astronomy（马克斯·普朗克天文学研究所）；Space Telescope Science Institute（太空望远镜科学研究所）；Waterloo Centre for Astrophysics and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo（滑铁卢大学天体物理中心及物理与天文学系）
TOI-4552 b: A new ultra-short period rocky world revealed by NIRPS and TESS
Institut Trottier de recherche sur les exoplanètes, Département de Physique, Université de Montréal（蒙特利尔大学物理系特罗蒂尔系外行星研究所）；Université de Montréal（蒙特利尔大学）；Observatoire du Mont-Mégantic（蒙梅根天文台）；Observatoire de Genève, Département d’Astronomie, Université de Genève（日内瓦大学天文学系日内瓦天文台）；Université de Genève（日内瓦大学）；Department of Physics & Astronomy, McMaster University（麦克马斯特大学物理与天文系）；McMaster University（麦克马斯特大学）；Centro de Astrobiología (CAB), CSIC-INTA（西班牙国家航空航天技术研究所/西班牙国家研究委员会天体生物学中心）；CSIC（西班牙国家研究委员会）；INTA（西班牙国家航空航天技术研究所）
Studies of close-in planets orbiting M dwarfs have suggested that the M dwarf radius valley may be well-explained by distinct formation timescales between enveloped terrestrials, and rocky planets that form at late times in a gas-depleted environment. This scenario is at odds with the picture that close-in rocky planets form with a primordial gaseous envelope that is subsequently stripped away by some thermally-driven mass loss process. These two physical scenarios make unique predictions of the rocky/enveloped transition's dependence on orbital separation such that studying the compositions o…
Small planets on close-in orbits tend to exhibit envelope mass fractions of either effectively zero or up to a few percent depending on their size and orbital period. Models of thermally-driven atmospheric mass loss and of terrestrial planet formation in a gas-poor environment make distinct predictions regarding the location of this rocky/non-rocky transition in period-radius space. Here we present the confirmation of TOI-1235 b ($P=3.44$ days, $r_p=1.738^{+0.087}_{-0.076}$ R$_{\oplus}$), a planet whose size and period are intermediate between the competing model predictions thus making the sy…
Exploring the properties of exoplanets near or inside the radius valley provides insights on the transition from the rocky super-Earths to the larger, hydrogen-rich atmosphere mini-Neptunes. Here, we report the discovery of TOI-1452 b, a transiting super-Earth ($R_{\rm p} = 1.67 \pm 0.07$ R$_{\oplus}$) in an 11.1--day temperate orbit ($T_{\rm eq} = 326 \pm 7$ K) around the primary member ($H = 10.0$, $T_{\rm eff} = 3185 \pm 50$ K) of a nearby visual binary M dwarf. The transits were first detected by TESS, then successfully isolated between the two $3.2^{\prime\prime}$ companions with ground-b…
\textit{Kepler} showed a paucity of planets with radii of 1.5 - 2 $\mathrm R_{\oplus}$ around solar mass stars but this radius-gap has not been well studied for low-mass star planets. Energy-driven escape models like photoevaporation and core-powered mass-loss predict opposing transition regimes between rocky and non-rocky planets when compared to models depicting planets forming in gas-poor environments. Here we present transit observations of three super-Earth sized planets in the radius-gap around low-mass stars using high-dispersion InfraRed Doppler (IRD) spectrograph on the Subaru 8.2m te…
TOI-333b: A Neptune Desert planet around a F7V star
Universidad de Chile（智利大学）；Centro de Astrofísica y Tecnologías Afines (CATA)（天文及相关技术中心）；Universidad Diego Portales（迭戈·波特莱斯大学）；Universidad Católica del Norte（北方天主教大学）；University of Naples Federico II（那不勒斯费德里科二世大学）；Vanderbilt University（范德堡大学）；Université de Liège（列日大学）；Queen Mary University of London（伦敦大学玛丽女王学院）
We report the confirmation of a transiting planet around the bright, inactive M0.5 V star TOI-1235 (TYC 4384-1735-1, V = 11.5 mag), whose transit signal was detected in the photometric time series of Sectors 14, 20, and 21 of the TESS space mission. We confirm the planetary nature of the transit signal, which has a period of 3.44 d, by using precise radial velocity measurements with CARMENES and HARPS-N spectrographs. A comparison of the properties derived for TOI-1235 b's with theoretical models reveals that the planet has a rocky composition, with a bulk density slightly higher than Earth's.…
The Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite mission was designed to find transiting planets around bright, nearby stars. Here we present the detection and mass measurement of a small, short-period ($\approx\,4$\,days) transiting planet around the bright ($V=7.9$), solar-type star HD 86226 (TOI-652, TIC 22221375), previously known to host a long-period ($\sim$1600 days) giant planet. HD 86226c (TOI-652.01) has a radius of $2.16\pm0.08$ $R_{\oplus}$ and a mass of 7.25$^{+1.19}_{-1.12}$ $M_{\oplus}$ based on archival and new radial velocity data. We also update the parameters of the longer-period, …
Evolutionary pathways toward survival of a thick CO2- or SO2-rich atmosphere on the lava world TOI-561 b
Kapteyn Astronomical Institute, University of Groningen（格罗宁根大学卡佩恩天文研究所）；Earth and Planets Laboratory, Carnegie Institution for Science（卡内基科学机构地球与行星实验室）；The Observatories of the Carnegie Institution for Science（卡内基科学机构天文台）；Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge（剑桥大学天文学研究所）；School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Birmingham（伯明翰大学物理与天文学院）；Waterloo Centre for Astrophysics and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo（滑铁卢大学天体物理学中心及物理与天文学系）
We report on precise Doppler measurements of L231-32 (TOI-270), a nearby M dwarf ($d=22$ pc, $M_\star = 0.39$ M$_\odot$, $R_\star = 0.38$ R$_\odot$), which hosts three transiting planets that were recently discovered using data from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS). The three planets are 1.2, 2.4, and 2.1 times the size of Earth and have orbital periods of 3.4, 5.7, and 11.4 days. We obtained 29 high-resolution optical spectra with the newly commissioned Echelle Spectrograph for Rocky Exoplanet and Stable Spectroscopic Observations (ESPRESSO) and 58 spectra using the High Accur…
For a planet to be considered habitable on its surface, it is an important advantage for it to have a magnetic field that protects its atmosphere from stellar winds as well as cosmic rays. Magnetic protection of potentially habitable planets plays a key role in determining the chances of detecting atmospheric biosignatures. This paper proposes to use the Preliminary Reference Earth Model (PREM) internal structure as the base of a numerical model. With this model, we estimate the magnetic properties of dry and water-rich Earth-like and Super-Earth-like planets. We apply it to those of this kind…
Characterization of two new transiting sub-Neptunes and a terrestrial planet around M-dwarf hosts
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC)（加那利群岛天体物理研究所）；Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki（萨洛尼基亚里士多德大学物理系）；Departamento de Astrofísica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL)（拉帕尔马拉古纳大学天体物理学系）；INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino（意大利国家天体物理研究所都灵天文台）；Dipartimento di Fisica “Ettore Pancini”, Università di Napoli Federico II（那不勒斯费德里科二世大学埃托雷·潘奇尼物理系）；INFN, Sezione di Napoli（意大利国家核物理研究所那不勒斯分部）；INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Capodimonte（意大利国家天体物理研究所卡波迪蒙特天文台）；Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA)（天体生物学中心（西班牙高等科学研究委员会-国家航空航天技术研究所））
We report the discovery of TOI-700 e, a 0.95 R$_\oplus$ planet residing in the Optimistic Habitable Zone (HZ) of its host star. This discovery was enabled by multiple years of monitoring from NASA's Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) mission. The host star, TOI-700 (TIC 150428135), is a nearby (31.1 pc), inactive, M2.5 dwarf ($V_{mag} = 13.15$). TOI-700 is already known to host three planets, including the small, HZ planet, TOI-700 d. The new planet has an orbital period of 27.8 days and, based on its radius (0.95 R$_\oplus$), it is likely rocky. TOI-700 was observed for 21 sectors o…
Stellar RV jitter due to surface activity may bias the RV semi-amplitude and mass of rocky planets. The amplitude of the jitter may be estimated from the uncertainty in the rotation period, allowing the mass to be more accurately obtained. We find candidate rotation periods for 17 out of 35 TESS Objects of Interest (TOI) hosting <3 R_Earth planets as part of the Magellan-TESS Survey, which is the first-ever statistically robust study of exoplanet masses and radii across the photo-evaporation gap. Seven periods are 3+ sigma detections, two are 1.5+ sigma, and 8 show plausible variability but th…
TOI-849b is one of the few planets populating the hot-Neptune desert and it is the densest Neptune-sized one discovered so far. Its extraordinary proximity to the host star, together with the absence of a massive H/He envelope on top of the $40.8 ~M_{\oplus}$ rocky core calls into question the role played by the host star in the evolution of the system. We aim to study the impact of the host star's rotational history on the evolution of TOI-849b, focussing on the planetary migration due to dynamical tides dissipated in the stellar convective envelope and on the high-energy emission. Rotating s…
We report the discovery and characterization of two small transiting planets orbiting the bright M3.0V star TOI-1468 (LSPM J0106+1913), whose transit signals were detected in the photometric time series in three sectors of the TESS mission. We confirm the e planetary nature of both of them using precise radial velocity measurements from the CARMENES and MAROON-X spectrographs, and supplement them with ground-based transit photometry. A joint analysis of all these data reveals that the shorter-period planet, TOI-1468 b ($P_{\rm b}$ = 1.88 d), has a planetary mass of $M_{\rm b} = 3.21\pm0.24$ $M…
We present observations of two bright M dwarfs (TOI-1634 and TOI-1685: $J=9.5-9.6$) hosting ultra-short period (USP) planets, identified by the TESS mission. The two stars are similar in temperature, mass, and radius ($T_\mathrm{eff}\,\approx\,3500$ K, $M_\star\,\approx\,0.45-0.46\,M_\odot$, and $R_\star\approx 0.45-0.46\,R_\odot$), and the planets are both super-Earth-sized ($1.25\,R_\oplus<R_p<2.0\,R_\oplus$). For both systems, light curves from the ground-based photometry exhibit planetary transits, whose depths are consistent with those by the TESS photometry. We also refine the transit ep…
Discovery and characterisation of two exoplanets orbiting the metal-poor, solar-type star TOI-5788 with TESS, CHEOPS, and HARPS-N
University of Birmingham（伯明翰大学）；University of Exeter（埃克塞特大学）；Leiden Observatory, University of Leiden（莱顿天文台，莱顿大学）；Slovak Academy of Sciences（斯洛伐克科学院）；ELTE Gothard Astrophysical Observatory（厄特沃什·罗兰大学戈塔德天体物理观测站）；University of Bern（伯尔尼大学）；European Space Agency (ESA)（欧洲空间局）
Mass estimates of the young TOI-451 transiting planets: Multidimensional Gaussian Process on stellar spectroscopic and photometric signals
University of Oxford（牛津大学）；University of Warwick（华威大学）；Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC)（加那利天体物理研究所）；Universidad de La Laguna (ULL)（拉帕鲁纳大学）；University of Birmingham（伯明翰大学）
The GAPS Programme at the TNG: LXX. TOI-5734b: A hot sub-Neptune orbiting a relatively young K dwarf with an Earth-like density
INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma（意大利国家天体物理研究所罗马天文台）；Università di Roma Tor Vergata（罗马托尔维加塔大学）；Sapienza Università di Roma（罗马智慧大学）；Max Planck Institute for Astronomy（马克斯·普朗克天文学研究所）；Sofia University "St Kliment Ohridski"（索非亚大学）；Landessternwarte, Zentrum für Astronomie der Universtät Heidelberg（海德堡大学州立天文台天文学中心）；INAF - Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino（意大利国家天体物理研究所都灵天文台）；ESO - European Southern Observatory（欧洲南方天文台）；INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Palermo（意大利国家天体物理研究所巴勒莫天文台）
We report a search for excess absorption in the 1083.2 nm line of ortho (triplet) helium during transits of TOI-1807b and TOI-2076b, 1.25 and 2.5R$_{\rm Earth}$ planets on 0.55- and 10.4-day orbits around nearby $\sim$200~Myr-old K dwarf stars. We limit the equivalent width of any transit-associated absorption to $<$4 and $<$8 mA, respectively. We limit the escape of solar-composition atmospheres from TOI-1807b and TOI-2076b to $\lesssim$1 and $\lesssim$0.1M$_{\rm Earth}$ Gyr$^{-1}$, respectively, depending on wind temperature. The absence of a H/He signature for TOI-1807b is consistent with a…
We report on the validation of two planets orbiting the nearby (36pc) M2 dwarf TOI-1266 observed by the TESS mission. The inner planet is sub-Neptune-sized ($R=2.46 \pm 0.08 R_\oplus$) with an orbital period of 10.9 days. The outer planet has a radius of $1.67_{-0.11}^{+0.09} R_\oplus$ and resides in the exoplanet Radius Valley---the transition region between rocky and gaseous planets. With an orbital period of 18.8 days, the outer planet receives an insolation flux of 2.4 times that of Earth, similar to the insolation of Venus. Using precision near-infrared radial velocities with the Habitabl…
We present the discovery and validation of a three-planet system orbiting the nearby (31.1 pc) M2 dwarf star TOI-700 (TIC 150428135). TOI-700 lies in the TESS continuous viewing zone in the Southern Ecliptic Hemisphere; observations spanning 11 sectors reveal three planets with radii ranging from 1 R$_\oplus$ to 2.6 R$_\oplus$ and orbital periods ranging from 9.98 to 37.43 days. Ground-based follow-up combined with diagnostic vetting and validation tests enable us to rule out common astrophysical false-positive scenarios and validate the system of planets. The outermost planet, TOI-700 d, has …
Highly irradiated planets in the hot Neptune desert are usually either small (R < 2 Rearth) and rocky or they are gas giants with radii of >1 Rjup. Here, we report on the intermediate-sized planet TOI-2196 on a 1.2 day orbit around a G-type star discovered by TESS in sector 27. We collected 42 radial velocity measurements with the HARPS spectrograph to determine the mass. The radius of TOI-2196 b is 3.51 +/- 0.15 Rearth, which, combined with the mass of 26.0 +/- 1.3 Mearth, results in a bulk density of 3.31+0.51-0.43 g/cm3. Hence, the radius implies that this planet is a sub-Neptune, although …
Pioneering photometric, astrometric, and spectroscopic surveys are helping exoplanetary scientists better constrain the fundamental properties of stars within our galaxy, and the planets these stars host. In this study, we use the third data release from the stellar spectroscopic GALAH Survey, coupled with astrometric data of eDR3 from the \textit{Gaia} satellite, and other data from NASA's Exoplanet Archive, to refine our understanding of 279 confirmed and candidate exoplanet host stars and their exoplanets. This homogenously analysed data set comprises 105 confirmed exoplanets, along with 14…
The Neptune desert is a feature seen in the radius-mass-period plane, whereby a notable dearth of short period, Neptune-like planets is found. Here we report the {\it TESS} discovery of a new short-period planet in the Neptune desert, orbiting the G-type dwarf TYC\,8003-1117-1 (TOI-132). {\it TESS} photometry shows transit-like dips at the level of $\sim$1400 ppm occurring every $\sim$2.11 days. High-precision radial velocity follow-up with HARPS confirmed the planetary nature of the transit signal and provided a semi-amplitude radial velocity variation of $\sim$11.5 m s$^{-1}$, which, when co…
The JWST Search for Earth-Luna Analogs: Upper Limits on Exomoons and Refined Ephemerides for TOI 700 d and e
Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology（麻省理工学院卡弗里天体物理学与空间研究学院）；Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of Chicago（芝加哥大学天文与天体物理系）
We report the discovery of one super-Earth- (TOI-1749b) and two sub-Neptune-sized planets (TOI-1749c and TOI-1749d) transiting an early M dwarf at a distance of 100~pc, which were first identified as planetary candidates using data from the TESS photometric survey. We have followed up this system from the ground by means of multiband transit photometry, adaptive-optics imaging, and low-resolution spectroscopy, from which we have validated the planetary nature of the candidates. We find that TOI-1749b, c, and d have orbital periods of 2.39, 4.49, and 9.05 days, and radii of 1.4, 2.1, and 2.5 $R…
The Rocky Planet Picture Show: Implementation of Surface Reflection and Emission in $\texttt{POSEIDON}$ with Application to and Interpretation of JWST Data
Cornell University（康奈尔大学）；University of St Andrews（圣安德鲁斯大学）；University of Michigan（密歇根大学）；American Museum of Natural History（美国自然历史博物馆）；Caltech/IPAC（加州理工学院/IPAC）；NHFP Sagan Fellow（国家基础物理学萨根研究员）
Populating the exoplanet mass-radius diagram in order to identify the underlying relationship that governs planet composition is driving an interdisciplinary effort within the exoplanet community. The discovery of hot super-Earths - a high temperature, short-period subset of the super-Earth planet population - has presented many unresolved questions concerning the formation, evolution, and composition of rocky planets. We report the discovery of a transiting, ultra-short period hot super-Earth orbiting TOI-1075 (TIC 351601843), a nearby ($d$ = 61.4 pc) late K-/early M-dwarf star, using data fr…
JWST NIRSpec finds no clear signs of an atmosphere on TOI-1685 b
University of Oxford（牛津大学）；Space Telescope Science Institute（太空望远镜科学研究所）；University of Bern（伯尔尼大学）；Ludwig Maximilian University（慕尼黑大学）；ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, University of Bern（伯尔尼大学ARTORG生物医学工程研究中心）；University College London（伦敦大学学院）；University of Warwick（华威大学）；Johns Hopkins University（约翰斯·霍普金斯大学）
