Precise mass and radius of a transiting super-Earth planet orbiting the M dwarf TOI-1235: a planet in the radius gap?
P. Bluhm, R. Luque, N. Espinoza, E. Palle, J. A. Caballero, S. Dreizler, J. H. Livingston, S. Mathur, A. Quirrenbach, S. Stock, V. Van Eylen, G. Nowak, E. Lopez… 展开作者
P. Bluhm, R. Luque, N. Espinoza, E. Palle, J. A. Caballero, S. Dreizler, J. H. Livingston, S. Mathur, A. Quirrenbach, S. Stock, V. Van Eylen, G. Nowak, E. Lopez, Sz. Csizmadia, M. R. Zapatero Osorio, P. Schoefer, J. Lillo-Box, M. Oshagh, P. J. Amado, D. Barrado, V. J. S. Bejar, B. Cale, P. Chaturvedi, C. Cifuentes, W. D. Cochran, K. A. Collins, K. I. Collins, M. Cortes-Contreras, E. Diez Alonso, M. El Mufti, A. Ercolino, M. Fridlund, E. Gaidos, R. A. Garcia, E. Gonzalez-Alvarez, L. Gonzalez-Cuesta, P. Guerra, A. P. Hatzes, T. Henning, E. Herrero, D. Hidalgo, G. Isopi, S. V. Jeffers, J. M. Jenkins, E. L. N. Jensen, P. Kabath, J. Kemmer, J. Korth, D. Kossakowski, M. Kuerster, M. Lafarga, F. Mallia, D. Montes, J. C. Morales, M. Morales-Calderon, F. Murgas, N. Narita, P. Plavchan, V. M. Passegger, S. Pedraz, H. Rauer, S. Redfield, S. Reffert, A. Reiners, I. Ribas, G. R. Ricker, C. Rodriguez-Lopez, A. R. G. Santos, S. Seager, Y. Shan, M. Schlecker, A. Schweitzer, M. G. Soto, J. Subjak, L. Tal-Or, T. Trifonov, S. Vanaverbeke, R. Vanderspek, J. Wittrock, M. Zechmeister, F. Zohrabi
We report the confirmation of a transiting planet around the bright, inactive M0.5 V star TOI-1235 (TYC 4384-1735-1, V = 11.5 mag), whose transit signal was detected in the photometric time series of Sectors 14, 20, and 21 of the TESS space mission. We confirm the planetary nature of the transit signal, which has a period of 3.44 d, by using precise radial velocity measurements with CARMENES and HARPS-N spectrographs. A comparison of the properties derived for TOI-1235 b's with theoretical models reveals that the planet has a rocky composition, with a bulk density slightly higher than Earth's. In particular, we measure a mass of M_p = 5.9+/-0.6 M_Earth and a radius of R_p = 1.69+/-0.08 R_Earth, which together result in a density of rho_p = 6.7+1.3-1.1 g/cm3. When compared with other well-characterized exoplanetary systems, the particular combination of planetary radius and mass puts our discovery in the radius gap, a transition region between rocky planets and planets with significant atmospheric envelopes, with few known members. While the exact location of the radius gap for M dwarfs is still a matter of debate, our results constrain it to be located at around 1.7 R_Earth or larger at the insolation levels received by TOI-1235 b (~60 S_Earth), which makes it an extremely interesting object for further studies of planet formation and atmospheric evolution.
We report the discovery of two transiting brown dwarfs (BDs), TOI-811b and TOI-852b, from NASA's Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite mission. These two transiting BDs have similar masses, but very different radii and ages. Their host stars have similar masses, effective temperatures, and metallicities. The younger and larger transiting BD is TOI-811b at a mass of $M_b = 55.3 \pm 3.2{\rm M_J}$ and radius of $R_b = 1.35 \pm 0.09{\rm R_J}$ and it orbits its host star in a period of $P = 25.16551 \pm 0.00004$ days. Its age of $93^{+61}_{-29}$ Myr, which we derive from an application of gyrochron…
The sensitivity of TESS to transiting planets in TOIs with close-in stellar companions
Bay Area Environmental Research Institute（湾区环境研究所）；Mount Holyoke College（蒙特霍利克学院）；NASA Exoplanet Science Institute, Caltech/IPAC（NASA系外行星科学研究所，加州理工学院/IPAC）；NASA Ames Research Center（NASA艾姆斯研究中心）
We report the discovery of five transiting companions near the hydrogen-burning mass limit in close orbits around main sequence stars originally identified by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) as TESS Objects of Interest (TOIs): TOI-148, TOI-587, TOI-681, TOI-746, and TOI-1213. Using TESS and ground-based photometry as well as radial velocities from the CORALIE, CHIRON, TRES, and FEROS spectrographs, we found the companions have orbital periods between 4.8 and 27.2 days, masses between 77 and 98 $\mathrm{M_{Jup}}$, and radii between 0.81 and 1.66 $\mathrm{R_{Jup}}$. These target…
We present the discovery of TOI-5205~b, a transiting Jovian planet orbiting a solar metallicity M4V star, which was discovered using Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite photometry and then confirmed using a combination of precise radial velocities, ground-based photometry, spectra, and speckle imaging. TOI-5205~b has one of the highest mass ratios for M dwarf planets with a mass ratio of almost 0.3$\%$, as it orbits a host star that is just $0.392 \pm 0.015$ \solmass{}. Its planetary radius is $1.03 \pm 0.03~R_J$, while the mass is $1.08 \pm 0.06~M_J$. Additionally, the large size of the pla…
We report the discovery of TOI-530b, a transiting giant planet around an M0.5V dwarf, delivered by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS). The host star is located at a distance of $147.7\pm0.6$ pc with a radius of $R_{\ast}=0.54\pm0.03\ R_{\odot}$ and a mass of $M_{\ast}=0.53\pm0.02\ M_{\odot}$. We verify the planetary nature of the transit signals by combining ground-based multi-wavelength photometry, high resolution spectroscopy from SPIRou as well as high-angular-resolution imaging. With $V=15.4$ mag, TOI-530b is orbiting one of the faintest stars accessible by ground-based spect…
We report the discovery of TOI-2119b, a transiting brown dwarf (BD) that orbits and is completely eclipsed by an active M-dwarf star. Using light curve data from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite mission and follow-up high-resolution Doppler spectroscopic observations, we find the BD has a radius of $R_b = 1.08 \pm 0.03{\rm R_J}$, a mass of $M_b = 64.4 \pm 2.3{\rm M_J}$, an orbital period of $P = 7.200865 \pm 0.00002$ days, and an eccentricity of $e=0.337\pm 0.002$. The host star has a mass of $M_\star = 0.53 \pm 0.02{\rm M_\odot}$, a radius of $R_\star= 0.50 \pm 0.01{\rm R_\odot}$, an…
We present the discovery of two new 10-day period giant planets from the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite ($TESS$) mission, whose masses were precisely determined using a wide diversity of ground-based facilities. TOI-481 b and TOI-892 b have similar radii ($0.99\pm0.01$ $\rm R_{J}$ and $1.07\pm0.02$ $\rm R_{J}$, respectively), and orbital periods (10.3311 days and 10.6266 days, respectively), but significantly different masses ($1.53\pm0.03$ $\rm M_{J}$ versus $0.95\pm0.07$ $\rm M_{J}$, respectively). Both planets orbit metal-rich stars ([Fe/H]= $+0.26\pm 0.05$ dex and [Fe/H] = $+0.24 \p…
We present the confirmation and characterization of three hot Jupiters, TOI-1181b, TOI-1516b, and TOI-2046b, discovered by the TESS space mission. The reported hot Jupiters have orbital periods between 1.4 and 2.05 days. The masses of the three planets are $1.18\pm0.14$ M$_{\mathrm{J}}$, $3.16\pm0.12$\, M$_{\mathrm{J}}$, and 2.30 $\pm 0.28$ M$_{\mathrm{J}}$, for TOI-1181b, TOI-1516b, and TOI-2046b, respectively. The stellar host of TOI-1181b is a F9IV star, whereas TOI-1516b and TOI-2046b orbit F main sequence host stars. The ages of the first two systems are in the range of 2-5 Gyrs. However,…
We report the discovery and validation of TOI 122b and TOI 237b, two warm planets transiting inactive M dwarfs observed by \textit{TESS}. Our analysis shows TOI 122b has a radius of 2.72$\pm$0.18 R$_\rm{e}$ and receives 8.8$\pm$1.0$\times$ Earth's bolometric insolation, and TOI 237b has a radius of 1.44$\pm$0.12 R$_\rm{e}$ and receives 3.7$\pm$0.5$\times$ Earth insolation, straddling the 6.7$\times$ Earth insolation that Mercury receives from the sun. This makes these two of the cooler planets yet discovered by \textit{TESS}, even on their 5.08-day and 5.43-day orbits. Together, they span the …
We report the discovery of two intermediate-mass brown dwarfs (BDs), TOI-569b and TOI-1406b, from NASA's Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite mission. TOI-569b has an orbital period of $P = 6.55604 \pm 0.00016$ days, a mass of $M_b = 64.1 \pm 1.9 M_J$, and a radius of $R_b = 0.75 \pm 0.02 R_J$. Its host star, TOI-569, has a mass of $M_\star = 1.21 \pm 0.03 M_\odot$, a radius of $R_\star = 1.47 \pm 0.03 R_\odot$, $\rm [Fe/H] = +0.29 \pm 0.09$ dex, and an effective temperature of $T_{\rm eff} = 5768 \pm 110K$. TOI-1406b has an orbital period of $P = 10.57415 \pm 0.00063$ days, a mass of $M_b =4…
We report the discovery of NGTS-11 b (=TOI-1847 b), a transiting Saturn in a 35.46-day orbit around a mid K-type star (Teff=5050 K). We initially identified the system from a single-transit event in a TESS full-frame image light-curve. Following seventy-nine nights of photometric monitoring with an NGTS telescope, we observed a second full transit of NGTS-11 b approximately one year after the TESS single-transit event. The NGTS transit confirmed the parameters of the transit signal and restricted the orbital period to a set of 13 discrete periods. We combined our transit detections with precis…
We confirm the planetary nature of two gas giants discovered by TESS to transit M dwarfs. TOI-3714 ($V=15.24,~J=11.74$) is an M2 dwarf hosting a hot Jupiter ($M_p=0.70 \pm 0.03~\mathrm{M_J}$ and $R_p=1.01 \pm 0.03~\mathrm{R_J}$) on an orbital period of $2.154849 \pm 0.000001$ days with a resolved white dwarf companion. TOI-3629 ($V=14.63,~J=11.42$) is an M1 dwarf hosting a hot Jupiter ($M_p=0.26 \pm 0.02~\mathrm{M_J}$ and $R_p=0.74 \pm 0.02~\mathrm{R_J}$) on an orbital period of $3.936551_{-0.000006}^{+0.000005}$ days. We characterize each transiting companion using a combination of ground-bas…
We confirm the planetary nature of TOI-1728b using a combination of ground-based photometry, near-infrared Doppler velocimetry and spectroscopy with the Habitable-zone Planet Finder.TOI-1728 is an old, inactive M0 star with \teff{} $= 3980^{+31}_{-32}$ K, which hosts a transiting super Neptune at an orbital period of $\sim$ 3.49 days. Joint fitting of the radial velocities and TESS and ground-based transits yields a planetary radius of $5.05_{-0.17}^{+0.16}$ R$_{\oplus}$, mass $26.78_{-5.13}^{+5.43}$ M$_{\oplus}$ and eccentricity $0.057_{-0.039}^{+0.054}$. We estimate the stellar properties, a…
Mapping the orbital obliquity distribution of young planets is one avenue towards understanding mechanisms that sculpt the architectures of planetary systems. TOI-942 is a young field star, with an age of ~60 Myr, hosting a planetary system consisting of two transiting Neptune-sized planets in 4.3- and 10.1-day period orbits. We observed the spectroscopic transits of the inner Neptune TOI-942b to determine its projected orbital obliquity angle. Through two partial transits, we find the planet to be in a prograde orbit, with a projected obliquity angle of |lambda| = 1/+41-33 deg. In addition, i…
A transiting hot Jupiter with two outer siblings orbiting an intermediate-mass post main-sequence star
Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie（马克斯·普朗克天文学研究所）；European Southern Observatory（欧洲南方天文台）；Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez（阿道夫·伊巴涅斯大学工程与科学学院）；Millennium Institute for Astrophysics, Chile（智利天体物理学千年研究所）；Space Telescope Science Institute（太空望远镜科学研究所）；Landessternwarte, Zentrum für Astronomie der Universtät Heidelberg（海德堡大学天文学中心州立天文台）；Department of Astronomy, Faculty of Physics, Sofia University “St Kliment Ohridski”（索非亚大学“圣克利门特·奥赫里德斯基”物理学院天文学系）；Instituto de Astrofísica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile（智利天主教大学天体物理研究所）
We confirm the planetary nature of a warm Jupiter transiting the early M dwarf TOI-1899, using a combination of available TESS photometry; high-precision, near-infrared spectroscopy with the Habitable-zone Planet Finder; and speckle and adaptive optics imaging. The data reveal a transiting companion on an $\sim29$-day orbit with a mass and radius of $0.66\pm0.07\ \mathrm{M_{J}}$ and $1.15_{-0.05}^{+0.04}\ \mathrm{R_{J}}$, respectively. The star TOI-1899 is the lowest-mass star known to host a transiting warm Jupiter, and we discuss the follow-up opportunities afforded by a warm ($\mathrm{T_{eq…
Mass estimates of the young TOI-451 transiting planets: Multidimensional Gaussian Process on stellar spectroscopic and photometric signals
University of Oxford（牛津大学）；University of Warwick（华威大学）；Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC)（加那利天体物理研究所）；Universidad de La Laguna (ULL)（拉帕鲁纳大学）；University of Birmingham（伯明翰大学）
RV and TTV Measurements of Two Transiting Long-Period Giants around TOI-4600
Tsinghua University（清华大学）；Nanjing University（南京大学）；The University of New Mexico（新墨西哥大学）；University of Chicago（芝加哥大学）；University of Arizona（亚利桑那大学）；Peking University（北京大学）；Westlake University（西湖大学）
We report the measurement of a spectroscopic transit of TOI-1726 c, one of two planets transiting a G-type star with $V$ = 6.9 in the Ursa Major Moving Group ($\sim$400 Myr). With a precise age constraint from cluster membership, TOI-1726 provides a great opportunity to test various obliquity excitation scenarios that operate on different timescales. By modeling the Rossiter-McLaughlin (RM) effect, we derived a sky-projected obliquity of $-1^{+35}_{-32}~^{\circ}$. This result rules out a polar/retrograde orbit; and is consistent with an aligned orbit for planet c. Considering the previously re…
We use TESS, Spitzer, ground-based light curves and HARPS spectrograph radial velocity measurements to establish the physical properties of the transiting exoplanet candidate TOI-674b. We perform a joint fit of the light curves and radial velocity time series to measure the mass, radius, and orbital parameters of the candidate. We confirm and characterize TOI-674b, a low-density super-Neptune transiting a nearby M dwarf. The host star (TIC 158588995, $V = 14.2$ mag, $J = 10.3$ mag) is characterized by its M2V spectral type with $\mathrm{M}_\star=0.420\pm 0.010$ M$_\odot$, $\mathrm{R}_\star = 0…
Exploring the properties of exoplanets near or inside the radius valley provides insights on the transition from the rocky super-Earths to the larger, hydrogen-rich atmosphere mini-Neptunes. Here, we report the discovery of TOI-1452 b, a transiting super-Earth ($R_{\rm p} = 1.67 \pm 0.07$ R$_{\oplus}$) in an 11.1--day temperate orbit ($T_{\rm eq} = 326 \pm 7$ K) around the primary member ($H = 10.0$, $T_{\rm eff} = 3185 \pm 50$ K) of a nearby visual binary M dwarf. The transits were first detected by TESS, then successfully isolated between the two $3.2^{\prime\prime}$ companions with ground-b…
TOI-7169 b: A Hot Jupiter Transiting a Metal-Poor Star
Observatories of the Carnegie Institution for Science（卡内基科学研究所天文台）；Center for Data Intensive and Time Domain Astronomy, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University（密歇根州立大学物理与天文学系数据密集型与时域天文中心）；Departamento de Astronomía, Universidad de Concepción（康塞普西翁大学天文学系）；Center for Astrophysics — Harvard & Smithsonian（哈佛-史密森尼天体物理中心）；Kavli Institute for Particle Astrophysics & Cosmology, Stanford University（斯坦福大学卡弗里粒子天体物理学与宇宙学研究所）
Both young stars and multi-planet systems are primary objects that allow us to study, understand and constrain planetary formation and evolution theories. We validate the physical nature of two Neptune-type planets transiting TOI-942 (TYC 5909-319-1), a previously unacknowledged young star (50+30-20 Myr) observed by the TESS space mission in Sector 5. Thanks to a comprehensive stellar characterization, TESS light curve modelling and precise radial-velocity measurements, we validated the planetary nature of the TESS candidate and detect an additional transiting planet in the system on a larger …
TOI-1259Ab: A Warm Jupiter Orbiting a K-dwarf White-Dwarf Binary is on a Well-aligned Orbit
University of Amsterdam（阿姆斯特丹大学）；Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile（智利天主教 Pontificia 大学）；Millennium Institute for Astrophysics（天体物理学千年研究所）；Vanderbilt University（范德堡大学）；Tufts University（塔夫茨大学）；The Pennsylvania State University（宾夕法尼亚州立大学）；Princeton University（普林斯顿大学）；University of Pennsylvania（宾夕法尼亚大学）
We report the discovery of a warm Neptune and a hot sub-Neptune transiting TOI-421 (BD-14 1137, TIC 94986319), a bright (V=9.9) G9 dwarf star in a visual binary system observed by the TESS space mission in Sectors 5 and 6. We performed ground-based follow-up observations -- comprised of LCOGT transit photometry, NIRC2 adaptive optics imaging, and FIES, CORALIE, HARPS, HIRES, and PFS high-precision Doppler measurements -- and confirmed the planetary nature of the 16-day transiting candidate announced by the TESS team. We discovered an additional radial velocity signal with a period of 5 days in…
Discovery and characterisation of two exoplanets orbiting the metal-poor, solar-type star TOI-5788 with TESS, CHEOPS, and HARPS-N
University of Birmingham（伯明翰大学）；University of Exeter（埃克塞特大学）；Leiden Observatory, University of Leiden（莱顿天文台，莱顿大学）；Slovak Academy of Sciences（斯洛伐克科学院）；ELTE Gothard Astrophysical Observatory（厄特沃什·罗兰大学戈塔德天体物理观测站）；University of Bern（伯尔尼大学）；European Space Agency (ESA)（欧洲空间局）
TOI-6884b: A low-mass brown dwarf transiting a slightly evolved star
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México（墨西哥国立自治大学）；Instituto de Astronomía（天文学研究所）；Astronomy & Astrophysics Division, Physical Research Laboratory（物理研究实验室天文与天体物理部）；Indian Institute of Techonology（印度理工学院）；Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian（哈佛史密森天体物理中心）；Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias (IAC)（加那利群岛天体物理研究所）
Pre-MAP Search for Transiting Objects Orbiting White Dwarfs
白矮星大气中的金属污染可能是行星物体的吸积残余物。在发现了经过WD 1145+017的解体行星天体（Vanderburg et al. 2015）之后，华盛顿大学天文学预科项目（Pre-MAP）的本科生受到启发，收集最明亮的白矮星的测光，以寻找其他金属污染的白矮星周围的类似过境天体。之前的调查还没有发现一颗围绕白矮星运行的凌日行星，但白矮星仍然是寻找小型岩石行星材料的有吸引力的目标。由于一颗典型的白矮星是地球大小的，因此地球大小的行星的凌日深度可能超过50%，因此即使是低信噪比的测光也有机会发现凌日物质。我们在SDSS DR 10白矮星目录中发现了明亮的、北方的、金属污染的白矮星，并在阿帕奇角天文台用天体物理研究联合会小孔径望远镜（ARCSAT）的0.5米望远镜观测了五个目标。ARCSAT测光有足够的精度来探测短轨道周期的月球大小或更大的物体，尽管没有探测到这些目标的行星。我们期待着可能发现行星围绕白矮星运行的调查，如美国宇航局的TESS，欧空局的PLATO和Evryscope。
We report the detection and characterization of the transiting sub-Neptune TOI-1759 b, using photometric time-series from TESS and near infrared spectropolarimetric data from SPIRou on the CFHT. TOI-1759 b orbits a moderately active M0V star with an orbital period of $18.849975\pm0.000006$ d, and we measure a planetary radius and mass of $3.06\pm0.22$ R$_\oplus$ and $6.8\pm2.0$ M$_\oplus$. Radial velocities were extracted from the SPIRou spectra using both the CCF and the LBL methods, optimizing the velocity measurements in the near infrared domain. We analyzed the broadband SED of the star an…
The imminent launch of space telescopes designed to probe the atmospheres of exoplanets has prompted new efforts to prioritise the thousands of transiting planet candidates for follow-up characterisation. We report the detection and confirmation of TOI-1842b, a warm Saturn identified by TESS and confirmed with ground-based observations from Minerva-Australis, NRES, and the Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope. This planet has a radius of $1.04^{+0.06}_{-0.05}\,R_{Jup}$, a mass of $0.214^{+0.040}_{-0.038}\,M_{Jup}$, an orbital period of $9.5739^{+0.0002}_{-0.0001}$ days, and an extremely lo…
