Limits on precursor and afterglow radio emission from a fast radio burst in a star-forming galaxy
Shivani Bhandari, Keith W. Bannister, Emil Lenc, Hyerin Cho, Ron Ekers, Cherie K. Day, Adam T. Deller, Chris Flynn, Clancy W. James, Jean-Pierre Macquart, Eliza… 展开作者
Shivani Bhandari, Keith W. Bannister, Emil Lenc, Hyerin Cho, Ron Ekers, Cherie K. Day, Adam T. Deller, Chris Flynn, Clancy W. James, Jean-Pierre Macquart, Elizabeth K. Mahony, Lachlan Marnoch, Vanessa A. Moss, Chris Phillips, J. Xavier Prochaska, Hao Qiu, Stuart D. Ryder, Ryan M. Shannon, Nicolas Tejos, O. Ivy Wong
备注：
12 pages, 6 figures, Published in ApJ Letters. We have corrected the R.A. uncertainty in the position of FRB 191001 from 0.006s to 0.02s
We present a new fast radio burst (FRB) at 920 MHz discovered during commensal observations conducted with the Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder (ASKAP) as part of the Commensal Real-time ASKAP Fast Transients (CRAFT) survey. FRB 191001 was detected at a dispersion measure (DM) of 506.92(4) pc cm$^{-3}$ and its measured fluence of 143(15) Jy ms is the highest of the bursts localized to host galaxies by ASKAP to date. The subarcsecond localization of the FRB provided by ASKAP reveals that the burst originated in the outskirts of a highly star-forming spiral in a galaxy pair at redshift $z=0.2340(1)$. Radio observations show no evidence for a compact persistent radio source associated with the FRB 191001 above a flux density of $15 μ$Jy. However, we detect diffuse synchrotron radio emission from the disk of the host galaxy that we ascribe to ongoing star formation. FRB 191001 was also detected as an image-plane transient in a single 10 s snapshot with a flux density of 19.3 mJy in the low-time-resolution visibilities obtained simultaneously with CRAFT data. The commensal observation facilitated a search for repeating and slowly varying radio emissions 8 hr before and 1 hr after the burst. We found no variable radio emission on timescales ranging from 1 ms to 1.4 hr. We report our upper limits and briefly review FRB progenitor theories in the literature that predict radio afterglows. Our data are still only weakly constraining of any afterglows at the redshift of the FRB. Future commensal observations of more nearby and bright FRBs will potentially provide stronger constraints.
We study GRB 221009A, the brightest gamma-ray burst in the history of observations, using Fermi data. To calibrate them for large inclination angles, we use the Vela X gamma-ray source. Light curves in different spectral ranges demonstrate a 300 s overlap of afterglow and delayed episodes of soft prompt emission. We demonstrate that a relatively weak burst precursor that occurs 3 minutes before the main episode has its own afterglow, i.e., presumably, its own external shock. The main afterglow is the brightest one, includes a photon with an energy of 400 GeV 9 hours after the burst, and is vis…
The well-sampled afterglows of gamma ray bursts (GRBs) not associated with a supernova (SN) explosion, can be scaled down to a simple dimensionless universal formula, which describes well their temporal behavior. Such SN-less GRBs include short hard bursts (SHBs) and long SN-less GRBs. The universal temporal behavior of their afterglows is that expected from a pulsar wind nebula powered by the rotational energy loss of the newly born pulsar.
Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are among the most powerful events observed in our universe and have long been considered as possible sources of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays, which makes them promising neutrino source candidates. Previous IceCube searches for neutrino correlations with GRBs focused on the prompt (main emission) phase of the GRB and found no significant correlation between neutrino events and the observed GRBs. This motivates us to extend our search beyond the prompt phase. We perform analyses looking for evidence of neutrino emission up to 14 days before and after the prompt phase of…
The main FRB event may leave behind a clump of relativistic plasma with high ``free energy'' density. As the plasma undergoes collisionless relaxation, it emits coherent electromagnetic waves. These electromagnetic waves may be observable as a fast radio afterglow, with decreasing frequency and intensity. We demonstrate the fast coherent afterglow in a numerical experiment. We tentatively predict the peak afterglow frequency decreasing with time as $ν\propto t^{-3/2}$.
Long gamma-ray bursts show an afterglow emission in the X-rays, optical, and radio wavelengths with luminosities that fade with time with a nearly identical power-law behavior. In this talk, I present an analytic treatment that shows that this afterglow is produced by synchrotron radiation from the supernova ejecta associated with binary-driven hypernovae.
Afterglows of gamma-ray bursts often show flares, plateaus, and sudden intensity drops: these temporal features are difficult to explain as coming from the forward shock. We calculate radiative properties of early GRB afterglows with the dominant contribution from the reverse shock (RS) propagating in an ultra-relativistic (pulsar-like) wind produced by the long-lasting central engine. RS emission occurs in the fast cooling regime -- this ensures high radiative efficiency and allows fast intensity variations. We demonstrate that: (i) mild wind power, of the order of $\sim 10^{46}$ erg s$^{-1}$…
We select 52 long gamma-ray bursts(GRBs) having the precursor activity in the third Swift-BAT catalog. Each episode shown in both the precursors and the main bursts is fitted by the Norris function. We systematically analyze the temporal properties for both the precursors and the main bursts. We do not find any significant difference between the temporal profile of the precursor and that of the main burst. The photon count of the precursor is related to that of the main burst. It is indicated that the precursor and the main burst might have the same physical origin, as the precursor and the ma…
The recently discovered rapid transient GN-z11-flash has been suggested to be the prompt-emission ultraviolet flash associated with a gamma-ray burst serendipitously exploding in the ultra-high-$z$ galaxy GN-z11. We here place the flash into the context of the early ultraviolet emission of gamma-ray bursts, and find it is in agreement with the luminosity distribution of these events.
We present an analysis of more than 11 years of Fermi-GBM data in which 217 Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) are found for which their main burst is preceded by a precursor flash. We find that short GRBs ($<$2 s) are ~10 times less likely to produce a precursor than long GRBs. The quiescent time profile is well described by a double Gaussian distribution, indicating that the observed precursors have two distinct physical progenitors. The light curves of the identified precursor GRBs are publicly available in an online catalog (https://icecube.wisc.edu/~grbweb_public/Precursors.html).
We extract 18 candidate short gamma-ray bursts (SGRBs) with precursors from 660 SGRBs observed by {\em Fermi} and {\em Swift} satellites, and carry out a comprehensive analysis on their temporal and spectral features. We obtain the following results: (1) For a large fraction of candidates, the main burst durations are longer than their precursor durations, comparable to their quiescent times from the end of precursors to the beginning of their main bursts. (2) The average flux of precursors tends to increase as their main bursts brighten. (3) As seen from the distributions of hardness ratio an…
GRB 090926A and Bright Late-time Fermi LAT GRB Afterglows
GRB 090926A是由费米伽马射线太空望远镜上的GBM和LAT仪器探测到的。在初始触发后约13小时开始迅速的后续观察。光学余辉在触发后近23天被检测到，将其置于长寿命类别。余辉特别令人感兴趣，因为它在后期的亮度，以及在T0+10^5 s及以后的光学耀斑的存在，这可能表明后期的中央发动机活动。LAT总共探测到了16个伽玛暴，其中9个伽玛暴，包括GRB 090926A，也被雨燕观测到。在雨燕观测到的9个LAT爆发中，有6个被UVOT探测到，其中5个爆发具有明亮、长寿命的光学余辉。相比之下，雨燕已经运行了5年，探测到了近500个爆发，但只有约30%的爆发的光学余辉寿命超过10^5秒。我们已经计算了预测的伽马射线通量，正如BAT在Swift上所看到的那样，LAT爆发，以确定与BAT触发的爆发相比，这种高比例的长寿命光学余辉是否是独特的。我们发现，除了短爆发GRB 090510A，预测的BAT注量表明LAT爆发比所有雨燕爆发的88%更有活力，也有比平均更明亮的X射线和光学余辉。
Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) associated with gravitational wave events are, and will likely continue to be, viewed at a larger inclination than GRBs without gravitational wave detections. As demonstrated by the afterglow of GW170817, this requires an extension of the common GRB afterglow models which typically assume emission from an on-axis top hat jet. We present a characterization of the afterglows arising from structured jets, providing a framework covering both successful and choked jets. We compute new closure relations for structured jets and compare with the established relations for energy…
Plateaus are common in X-ray afterglows of gamma-ray bursts. Among a few scenarios for the origin of them, the leading one is that there exists a magnetar inside and persistently injects its spin-down energy into an afterglow. In previous studies, the radiation efficiency of this process is assumed to be a constant $\gtrsim0.1$, which is quite simple and strong. In this work we obtain the efficiency from a physical point of view and find that this efficiency strongly depends on the injected luminosity. One implication of this result is that those X-ray afterglow light curves which show steeper…
VLBI and Archival VLA and WSRT Observations of the GRB 030329 Radio Afterglow
我们介绍VLBI和档案卡尔G。Jansky甚大阵列（VLA）和Westerbork综合射电望远镜（WSRT）对2003年3月29日伽马射线暴（GRB 030329）的射电余辉的观测，在爆发后672至2032天之间进行。EVLA和WSRT的数据表明，在5 GHz的通量简单的幂律衰减，没有任何明显的迹象，从反喷流的再亮。我们报告了一个未解决的来源，在2032天的大小$1.18\pm0.13$ mas，我们使用结合膨胀率的爆发，认为存在一个统一的，ISM样环爆介质。我们发展了一种半解析的方法来模拟伽马射线暴的余辉，并将其应用到5 GHz的光变曲线进行爆发量热。自行受到$< 0.067$ mas yr $^{-1}$的限制，支持伽马射线暴的标准余辉模型。
The afterglow emission from gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) is a valuable source of information to understand the physics of these energetic explosions. The blast wave model has become the standard to describe the evolution of the afterglow emission over time and frequency. Thanks to recent developments in the theory of afterglows and numerical simulations of relativistic outflows, we are able to model the afterglow emission with realistic dynamics and radiative processes. Although the models agree with observations remarkably well, the afterglow emission still contains additional physics, instrumenta…
Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), associated with the collapse of massive stars or the collisions of compact objects, are the most luminous events in our universe. However, there is still much to learn about the nature of the relativistic jets launched from the central engines of these objects. We examine how jet structure - that is, the energy and velocity distribution as a function of angle - affects observed GRB afterglow light curves. Using the package afterglowpy, we compute light curves arising from an array of possible jet structures, and present the suite of models that can fit the coincident e…
The nature of the shallow decay phase in the X-ray afterglow of the gamma-ray burst (GRB) is not yet clarified. We analyze the data of early X-ray afterglows of 26 GRBs triggered by Burst Alert Telescope onboard Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory and subsequently detected by Fermi Large Area Telescope (LAT) and/or Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes. It is found that 9 events (including 2 out of 3 very-high-energy gamma-ray events) have no shallow decay phase and that their X-ray afterglow light curves are well described by single power-law model except for the jet break at later epoch. The r…
Many gamma-ray bursts are followed by periods of extended emission. At least in some cases, the burst afterglow may be powered by a rapidly rotating, highly-magnetised neutron star, which spins down due to electromagnetic and gravitational wave emission. Such a remnant is likely to strongly precess in the early stages of its life, which would lead to modulations in the X-ray luminosity as the triaxiality of the system evolves over time. Using a radiation profile appropriate for a precessing, oblique rotator, we find that Swift-XRT data of a long (080602) and a short (090510) burst matches the …
Jet precessions are widely involved in astrophysical phenomena from galaxies to X-ray binaries and gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). Polarization presents a unique probe of the magnetic fields in GRB jets. The precession of GRBs relativistic jets will change the geometry within the observable emitting region of the jet, which can potentially affect the polarization of the afterglow. In this paper, we take into account jet precession to study the polarization evolution and corresponding light curves in GRB early optical afterglows with ordered and random magnetic field geometries. We find that the jet p…
It has been widely recognized that gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglows arise from interactions between GRB outflow and circumburst medium, while their evolution follows the behaviors of relativistic shock waves. Assuming the distribution of circumburst medium follows a general power-law form, that is, $n = A_{\ast} R^{-k}$, where $R$ denotes the distance from the burst, it is obvious that the value of density-distribution index $k$ can affect the behaviors of the afterglow. In this paper, we analyze the temporal and spectral behaviors of GRB radio afterglows with arbitrary $k$-values. In the radi…
