Silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar cells represent a promising technological approach towards higher photovoltaics efficiencies and lower fabrication cost. While the device physics of SHJ solar cells have been studied extensively in the past, the ways in which nanoscopic electronic processes such as charge-carrier generation, recombination, trapping, and percolation affect SHJ device properties macroscopically have yet to be fully understood. We report the study of atomic scale current percolation at state-of-the-art a-Si:H/c-Si heterojunction solar cells under ambient operating conditions, revealing the profound complexity of electronic SHJ interface processes. Using conduction atomic force microscopy (cAFM), it is shown that the macroscopic current-voltage characteristics of SHJ solar cells is governed by the average of local nanometer-sized percolation pathways associated with bandtail states of the doped a-Si:H selective contact leading to above bandgap open circuit voltages ($V_{\mbox{OC}}$) as high as 1.2 V ($V_{\mbox{OC}}>e E_{\mbox{gap}}^{\mbox{Si}}$). This is not in violation of photovoltaic device physics but a consequence of the nature of nanometer-scale charge percolation pathways which originate from trap-assisted tunneling causing dark leakage current. We show that the broad distribution of local photovoltage is a direct consequence of randomly trapped charges at a-Si:H dangling bond defects which lead to strong local potential fluctuations and induce random telegraph noise of the dark current.
From planar junction to local junction: A new structure design of amorphous/crystalline silicon heterojunction solar cells for high efficiency and low cost
Design of n-AlInN on p-silicon heterojunction solar cells
氮化铟铝(AlInN)合金由于其宽的直接带隙能量(覆盖从0.7 eV(InN)到6.2 eV(AlN)的太阳光谱)以及其对高温和高能粒子的优异抵抗力,为光伏器件提供了巨大的潜力。本文报道了AlInN on Si异质结的设计,旨在通过对AlInN on Si异质结特性的分析和优化,探索其在太阳能电池器件中的应用潜力。特别地,我们研究了AlInN的带隙能量、AlInN的厚度和载流子浓度、硅表面复合、界面缺陷和Si晶片质量对AlInN在Si异质结上的光伏特性(转换效率和外量子效率)的影响。还研究了引入抗反射涂层的效果。优化的AlInN on Si异质结构在1个太阳AM1.5G光照下对低质量Si晶片显示出18%的转换效率,对于高质量Si晶片并结合适当设计的抗反射层,其增加到23.6%。与没有AlInN的标准Si太阳能电池相比,器件的外部量子效率在500 nm以下的波长下增加,使它们对空间应用具有吸引力。这些结果使AlInN/Si异质结作为一种新型的太阳能电池器件具有广阔的应用前景。
The annual energy yield of mono- and bifacial silicon heterojunction solar modules with high-index dielectric nanodisk arrays as anti-reflective and light trapping structures
High performance position-sensitive-detector based on graphene-silicon heterojunction
基于横向光电效应的位置敏感探测器在光学工程、航空航天和军事等领域有着广泛的应用。随着人们对长距离、低能耗、弱信号传感系统的要求越来越高,传统硅基PSD响应度差已成为限制其应用的瓶颈。在此,我们提出了一种基于石墨烯-Si异质结构的高性能无源PSD。石墨烯适合作为光子吸收和电荷分离层,与Si作为结一起工作,而高迁移率提供了有希望的超长载流子扩散长度,并有助于器件的大有源面积。工作面积为8 mm x 8 mm的PSD在nWs水平上表现出优异的位置灵敏度(远远优于Si p-i-n PSD的~μWs极限)。更重要的是,它显示出非常快的响应和~ 3%的低非线性度,并将工作波长扩展到近红外(IR)区域(1319和1550 nm)。因此,这项工作提供了一个新的策略,高性能和宽带PSD。
Enhancing solar cell efficiency of AlxIn1-xN/Si heterojunctions using an a-Si buffer: A study of material, interface and device properties
University of Alcalá(阿尔卡拉大学);Instituto de Óptica Daza de Valdés, CSIC(达萨德巴尔德斯光学研究所,西班牙国家研究委员会);Universidad de Cádiz(加的斯大学);Université Côte d'Azur(蔚蓝海岸大学)
Effect of surface recombination on electroluminescence and photoconversion in a-Si:H/c-Si heterojunction solar cells
表面复合影响太阳能电池(SC)中的光电转换和电-光转换。因此,定量分析和减少表面复合是SC研究的一个重要方向。在298 K下,在AM 1.5条件下,测量了93个大面积(239 cm $^2$)a-Si:H/c-Si异质结太阳能电池(HJSC)的电致发光强度和光电转换效率。HJSC样品仅在表面复合速度$S$方面不同,但在其他方面相同。$S$的变化是由于处理样品的化学条件的变化。已经确定EL量子效率受$S$的影响比光转换效率$η$的影响强得多:即,由于$S$的增加,后者从20.5%降低到18%,伴随着前者降低超过一个数量级。在具有良好钝化表面(即低$S$)的HJSC中,EL效率达到2.1\%,这显著高于硅同质结二极管中的已知值。对于EL和暗I-V曲线的温度依赖性测量,将样品之一切成小面积(1 cm $^2$)片。发现EL强度随温度的变化在$T$ = 223 K时出现最大值。在低温下,在弱偏压下的电流被证明是由于隧道机制。一个理论模型,定量地解释了所有这些发现。
Electron Transport across Vertical Silicon / MoS${_2}$ / Graphene Heterostructures: Towards Efficient Emitter Diodes for Graphene-Base Hot Electron Transistors