用于CMB测量的大尺度偏振探测器（LSPE）：性能预测
The large scale polarization explorer (LSPE) for CMB measurements: performance forecast
摘要：
宇宙微波背景辐射的偏振测量是当前宇宙学的前沿课题之一。特别是，原始B模式的探测可以揭示早期宇宙中引力波的存在。对这种成分的探测是目前最有前途的技术，以探测描述宇宙早期演化的暴胀理论。我们提出了最新的性能预测的大规模偏振探测器（LSPE），一个程序，致力于测量的CMB偏振。LSPE由两个仪器组成：Strip，一个在特内里费岛地面上的基于辐射计的望远镜，和SWIPE（偏振探测器短波仪器），一个基于辐射热计的仪器，设计用于冬季北极平流层长期气球飞行。该计划是少数几个致力于北半球观测的计划之一，而大多数国际努力都集中在南半球的地基观测上。目前，SWIPE的测量计划于2021/22年冬季进行，飞行时间长达15天，并于2021年夏季进行为期两年的Strip观测。我们描述了这两种工具的主要特点，确定了最关键的方面的设计，在性能预测的影响。我们估计每个仪器的预期灵敏度，并将它们的组合观测功率传播到对宇宙学参数的灵敏度，包括扫描策略，组件分离，剩余前景和部分天空覆盖的影响。我们还对最关键的系统性影响的控制提出了要求，并描述了减轻其影响的技术。LSPE可以达到$σ_r<0.01$的张量标量比灵敏度，并改善对其他宇宙学参数的约束。
英文摘要：
[Abridged] The measurement of the polarization of the Cosmic Microwave Background radiation is one of the current frontiers in cosmology. In particular, the detection of the primordial B-modes, could reveal the presence of gravitational waves in the early Universe. The detection of such component is at the moment the most promising technique to probe the inflationary theory describing the very early evolution of the Universe. We present the updated performance forecast of the Large Scale Polarization Explorer (LSPE), a program dedicated to the measurement of the CMB polarization. LSPE is composed of two instruments: Strip, a radiometer-based telescope on the ground in Tenerife, and SWIPE (Short-Wavelength Instrument for the Polarization Explorer) a bolometer-based instrument designed to fly on a winter arctic stratospheric long-duration balloon. The program is among the few dedicated to observation of the Northern Hemisphere, while most of the international effort is focused into ground-based observation in the Southern Hemisphere. Measurements are currently scheduled in Winter 2021/22 for SWIPE, with a flight duration up to 15 days, and in Summer 2021 with two years observations for Strip. We describe the main features of the two instruments, identifying the most critical aspects of the design, in terms of impact into performance forecast. We estimate the expected sensitivity of each instrument and propagate their combined observing power to the sensitivity to cosmological parameters, including the effect of scanning strategy, component separation, residual foregrounds and partial sky coverage. We also set requirements on the control of the most critical systematic effects and describe techniques to mitigate their impact. LSPE can reach a sensitivity in tensor-to-scalar ratio of $σ_r<0.01$, and improve constrains on other cosmological parameters.
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