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arXiv 2008.09761cond-mat.mes-hallcond-mat.mtrl-sci
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扭曲双层石墨烯中的应变场

Strain fields in twisted bilayer graphene

Nathanael P. Kazmierczak, Madeline Van Winkle, Colin Ophus, Karen C. Bustillo, Hamish G. Brown, Stephen Carr, Jim Ciston, Takashi Taniguchi, Kenji Watanabe, D. Kwabena Bediako

摘要:

范德华异质外延允许确定性控制原子层之间的晶格失配或方位角取向,以产生长波长超晶格。由此产生的电子相位严重依赖于超晶格的周期性以及引入无序和应变的局部结构变形。在这里,我们介绍了布拉格干涉法,基于四维扫描透射电子显微镜,捕捉原子在扭曲的双层石墨烯与扭曲角< 2°的位移场。纳米尺度的扭曲角和单轴异质应变的空间波动进行统计评估,揭示了在这类材料的短程无序的患病率。通过定量映射应变张量场,我们发现两个不同的制度的结构松弛-在以前的模型描绘一个单一的连续过程-我们解开电子的贡献,包括这种松弛的旋转模式。此外,我们发现,施加的异质应变积累各向异性鞍点区域产生独特的条纹剪切应变阶段。因此,我们的研究结果建立了支撑扭曲双层石墨烯的扭曲角相关电子行为的重建机制,并为直接可视化任何莫尔材料中的结构弛豫、无序和应变提供了一个新的框架。

英文摘要:

Van der Waals heteroepitaxy allows deterministic control over lattice mismatch or azimuthal orientation between atomic layers to produce long wavelength superlattices. The resulting electronic phases depend critically on the superlattice periodicity as well as localized structural deformations that introduce disorder and strain. Here, we introduce Bragg interferometry, based on four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy, to capture atomic displacement fields in twisted bilayer graphene with twist angles < 2°. Nanoscale spatial fluctuations in twist angle and uniaxial heterostrain are statistically evaluated, revealing the prevalence of short-range disorder in this class of materials. By quantitatively mapping strain tensor fields we uncover two distinct regimes of structural relaxation -- in contrast to previous models depicting a single continuous process -- and we disentangle the electronic contributions of the rotation modes that comprise this relaxation. Further, we find that applied heterostrain accumulates anisotropically in saddle point regions to generate distinctive striped shear strain phases. Our results thus establish the reconstruction mechanics underpinning the twist angle dependent electronic behaviour of twisted bilayer graphene, and provide a new framework for directly visualizing structural relaxation, disorder, and strain in any moiré material.

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