Challenges of Linking Organizational Information in Open Government Data to Knowledge Graphs
University of Mannheim（曼海姆大学）；The University of Sheffield（谢菲尔德大学）；Vienna University of Economics and Business（维也纳经济与商业大学）；L3S Research Center, Leibniz University Hannover（莱布尼茨汉诺威大学L3S研究中心）；Complexity Science Hub Vienna（维也纳复杂性科学中心）
Jan Portisch, Omaima Fallatah, Sebastian Neumaier, Mohamad Yaser Jaradeh, Axel Polleres
备注：
to be published in the proceedings of the 22nd International Conference on Knowledge Engineering and Knowledge Management (EKAW 2020)
Open Government Data (OGD) is being published by various public administration organizations around the globe. Within the metadata of OGD data catalogs, the publishing organizations (1) are not uniquely and unambiguously identifiable and, even worse, (2) change over time, by public administration units being merged or restructured. In order to enable fine-grained analyses or searches on Open Government Data on the level of publishing organizations, linking those from OGD portals to publicly available knowledge graphs (KGs) such as Wikidata and DBpedia seems like an obvious solution. Still, as we show in this position paper, organization linking faces significant challenges, both in terms of available (portal) metadata and KGs in terms of data quality and completeness. We herein specifically highlight five main challenges, namely regarding (1) temporal changes in organizations and in the portal metadata, (2) lack of a base ontology for describing organizational structures and changes in public knowledge graphs, (3) metadata and KG data quality, (4) multilinguality, and (5) disambiguating public sector organizations. Based on available OGD portal metadata from the Open Data Portal Watch, we provide an in-depth analysis of these issues, make suggestions for concrete starting points on how to tackle them along with a call to the community to jointly work on these open challenges.
University of Piraeus（比雷埃夫斯大学）；North Aegean Regional Administration (NARA)（北爱琴大区政府）
In many cases, government data is still "locked" in several "data silos", even within the boundaries of a single (inter-)national public organization with disparate and distributed organizational units and departments spread across multiple sites. Opening data and enabling its unified querying from a single site in an efficient and effective way is a semantic application integration and open government data challenge. This paper describes how NARA is using Semantic Web technology to implement an application integration approach within the boundaries of its organization via opening and querying…
The amount of data has exploded over the last ten years. Data is captured and shared from personal devices, transactional operations, sensors, social media and other sources. Firms should, thus, be able to explore the new opportunities and rapidly seize them by developing the corresponding capabilities. In our work, we focus on two emerging dynamic capabilities: Absorptive capacity and organizational agility. We propose a new theoretical Framework based on the previous literature linking the use of knowledge management systems and organizational agility by highlighting the mediating role of ab…
In the past few years, several large companies have published ethical principles of Artificial Intelligence (AI). National governments, the European Commission, and inter-governmental organizations have come up with requirements to ensure the good use of AI. However, individual organizations that want to join this effort, are faced with many unsolved questions. This paper proposes guidelines for organizations committed to the responsible use of AI, but lack the required knowledge and experience. The guidelines consist of two parts: i) helping organizations to decide what principles to adopt, a…
A Mixed Methods Systematic Analysis of Issues and Factors Influencing Organizational Cloud Computing Adoption and Usage in the Public Sector: Initial Findings
The ROC ontology for country responses to COVID-19 provides a model for collecting, linking and sharing data on the COVID-19 pandemic. It follows semantic standardization (W3C standards RDF, OWL, SPARQL) for the representation of concepts and creation of vocabularies. ROC focuses on country measures and enables the integration of data from heterogeneous data sources. The proposed ontology is intended to facilitate statistical analysis to study and evaluate the effectiveness and side effects of government responses to COVID-19 in different countries. The ontology contains data collected by OxCG…
Using the possible synergy among geographic, size, and technological distributions of firms in the Orbis database, we find the greatest reduction of uncertainty at the level of the 31 provinces of China, and an additional 18.0% at the national level. Some of the coastal provinces stand out as expected, but the metropolitan areas of Beijing and Shanghai are (with Tianjan and Chonqing) most pronounced at the next-lower administrative level of (339) prefectures, since these four metropoles are administratively defined at both levels. Focusing on high- and medium-tech manufacturing, a shift toward…
Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院自动化研究所）；School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学人工智能学院）；Berggruen Institute China Center, Peking University（北京大学博古睿研究院中国中心）
Artificial Intelligence principles define social and ethical considerations to develop future AI. They come from research institutes, government organizations and industries. All versions of AI principles are with different considerations covering different perspectives and making different emphasis. None of them can be considered as complete and can cover the rest AI principle proposals. Here we introduce LAIP, an effort and platform for linking and analyzing different Artificial Intelligence Principles. We want to explicitly establish the common topics and links among AI Principles proposed …
Data Want to be Free: An Innovation Resistance Theory Model for Identifying Barriers to Government Data Sharing
University of Tartu（塔尔图大学）；Umeå University（于默奥大学）；Delft University of Technology（代尔夫特理工大学）；The Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute（瑞典国家道路交通研究所）；University of Priština - Kosovska Mitrovica（普里什蒂纳大学-科索沃米特罗维察分校）；University of the Aegean（爱琴海大学）
With technological advances and the establishment of e-commerce models, business challenges have shifted to online platforms. The promise of embedding self-executing and autonomous programs into blockchain technologies has attracted increased interest and its use in niche solutions. Using qualitative interviews, this paper sought the opinions of the eleven industry leaders regarding smart contracts. Findings reveal that the technology is gaining momentum in e-commerce, particularly in financial transfer, record-keeping, real estate, and property management, insurance, mortgage, supply chain ma…
Responsible AI Adoption in the Public Sector: A Data-Centric Taxonomy of AI Adoption Challenges
University of Tartu（塔尔图大学）；University of Hradec Kralove（赫拉德茨-克拉洛韦大学）；UAEM（墨西哥州自治大学）；University of Twente（特文特大学）；TU Delft（代尔夫特理工大学）；University of Warsaw（华沙大学）；Fortinet（飞塔公司）
Online government petitions represent a new data-rich mode of political participation. This work examines the thus far understudied dynamics of sharing petitions on social media in order to garner signatures and, ultimately, a government response. Using 20 months of Twitter data comprising over 1 million tweets linking to a petition, we perform analyses of networks constructed of petitions and supporters on Twitter, revealing implicit social dynamics therein. We find that Twitter users do not exclusively share petitions on one issue nor do they share exclusively popular petitions. Among the ov…
A worldwide movement towards the publication of Open Government Data is taking place, and budget data is one of the key elements pushing this trend. Its importance is mostly related to transparency, but publishing budget data, combined with other actions, can also improve democratic participation, allow comparative analysis of governments and boost data-driven business. However, the lack of standards and common evaluation criteria still hinders the development of appropriate tools and the materialization of the appointed benefits. In this paper, we present a model to analyse government initiat…
A survey on status and trends of information and communication technologies (ICT) use for knowledge sharing in agriculture was attempted. Among asian countries, India comes under the second next category after the advanced user category comprising Japan, South Korea and Taiwan. Both profit-motive and business augmentation on one hand and community services and rural welfare on the other have been the objectives of ICT-based models in agriculture in India. The ICT endeavours for agriculture belong to a wide array of agencies, viz private sector, public sector, self-help groups and NGOs, and als…
