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arXiv 2008.05616astro-ph.HEgr-qchep-ph
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超大质量黑洞合并引力波辐射后的高能中微子发射

High-energy neutrino emission subsequent to gravitational wave radiation from supermassive black hole mergers

Chengchao Yuan, Kohta Murase, Shigeo S. Kimura, Péter Mészáros

摘要:

超大质量黑洞(SMBH)的合并在宇宙历史中是普遍存在的,经常表现出强烈的吸积活动和强大的喷流。这些SMBH合并也是未来引力波探测器,如激光空间干涉天线(LISA)的有希望的候选人。在这项工作中,我们考虑中微子对应物的发射起源于喷流诱导的冲击。物理图像是,合并后发射的相对论喷流将在合并前的盘风物质内部向前推进,然后它们随后被准直,导致内部激波、准直激波、前向激波和反向激波的形成。宇宙射线可以在这些地点被加速,中微子预计将通过光生子的生产过程。我们制定的喷流结构和相关的相互作用,然后评估中微子发射从每个冲击网站。我们发现,月到年的高能量中微子排放的合并后的喷流后的引力波事件是可检测的IceCube-Gen 2在大约5至10年的操作在乐观的情况下,宇宙射线负载是足够高的,并实现了温和的超爱丁顿吸积。我们还估计了SMBH合并对扩散中微子强度的贡献,并发现在乐观的情况下,观测到的极高能量($E_ν\gtrsim1$ PeV)的冰立方中微子中有很大一部分可能来自SMBH合并。在未来,这样的中微子同行连同引力波观测可以用于多信使的方法来阐明更详细的演变和SMBH合并的物理机制。

英文摘要:

Supermassive black hole (SMBH) coalescences are ubiquitous in the history of the Universe and often exhibit strong accretion activities and powerful jets. These SMBH mergers are also promising candidates for future gravitational wave detectors such as Laser Space Inteferometric Antenna (LISA). In this work, we consider neutrino counterpart emission originating from the jet-induced shocks. The physical picture is that relativistic jets launched after the merger will push forward inside the premerger disk wind material, and then they subsequently get collimated, leading to the formation of internal shocks, collimation shocks, forward shocks and reverse shocks. Cosmic rays can be accelerated in these sites and neutrinos are expected via the photomeson production process. We formulate the jet structures and relevant interactions therein, and then evaluate neutrino emission from each shock site. We find that month-to-year high-energy neutrino emission from the postmerger jet after the gravitational wave event is detectable by IceCube-Gen2 within approximately five to ten years of operation in optimistic cases where the cosmic-ray loading is sufficiently high and a mildly super-Eddington accretion is achieved. We also estimate the contribution of SMBH mergers to the diffuse neutrino intensity, and find that a significant fraction of the observed very high-energy ($E_ν\gtrsim1$ PeV) IceCube neutrinos could originate from them in the optimistic cases. In the future, such neutrino counterparts together with gravitational wave observations can be used in a multimessenger approach to elucidate in greater detail the evolution and the physical mechanism of SMBH mergers.

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