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arXiv 2008.04315astro-ph.CO
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高红移射电星系:21厘米涨落的一个潜在的新来源

High-redshift radio galaxies: a potential new source of 21-cm fluctuations

Itamar Reis, Anastasia Fialkov, Rennan Barkana

摘要:

射电源预计已经形成了高红移,产生了多余的辐射背景以上的宇宙微波背景(CMB)在低频率。它们对中性氢的红移21厘米信号的影响通常被忽略,因为假设相关背景很小。最近,超过CMB水平的多余的无线电背景被认为是EDGES合作报告的来自红移$z\sim 17$的异常强的21厘米信号的可能解释之一。因此,平滑和非常强的过剩无线电背景的天空平均(全球)21厘米信号及其波动的影响已被考虑。在这里,我们考虑到人口的高红移星系的无线电背景的不均匀性,并表明,它增加了一种新的类型的21厘米的波动众所周知的贡献的密度,速度,Ly- $α$耦合,加热和再电离。我们发现,人口的高红移星系,即使具有适度增强的无线电效率(无关的EDGES结果)可以有一个显着的影响,21厘米的功率谱和全球信号的模型与弱X射线加热。对于可以解释EDGES数据的模型,我们进行了一个大参数调查,以探索它们的特征。我们表明,在这样的模型中,在$z\sim 17$的21厘米功率谱增强了两个数量级相比,仅CMB的标准情况下,和功率谱的形状和时间演变的无线电波动显着修改。这些波动是即将到来的无线电干涉仪所能达到的。我们还发现,这些模型可以显着约束当前和未来的观测射电源。

英文摘要:

Radio sources are expected to have formed at high redshifts, producing an excess radiation background above the cosmic microwave background (CMB) at low frequencies. Their effect on the redshifted 21-cm signal of neutral hydrogen is usually neglected, as it is assumed that the associated background is small. Recently, an excess radio background above the level of the CMB has been proposed as one of the possible explanations for the unusually strong 21-cm signal from redshift $z\sim 17$ reported by the EDGES collaboration. As a result, the implications of a smooth and extremely strong excess radio background on both the sky-averaged (global) 21-cm signal and its fluctuations have been considered. Here we take into account the inhomogeneity of the radio background created by a population of high-redshift galaxies, and show that it adds a new type of 21-cm fluctuations to the well-known contributions of density, velocity, Ly-$α$ coupling, heating and reionization. We find that a population of high-redshift galaxies even with a moderately-enhanced radio efficiency (unrelated to the EDGES result) can have a significant effect on the 21-cm power spectrum and global signal in models with weak X-ray heating. For models that can explain the EDGES data, we conduct a large parameter survey to explore their signatures. We show that in such models the 21-cm power spectrum at $z\sim 17$ is enhanced by up to two orders of magnitude compared to the CMB-only standard case, and the shape and time evolution of the power spectrum is significantly modified by the radio fluctuations. These fluctuations are within reach of upcoming radio interferometers. We also find that these models can be significantly constrained by current and future observations of radio sources.

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