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arXiv 2008.02184quant-phcond-mat.mes-hallcond-mat.stat-mech
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与有限浴关联的量子系统:非平衡动力学和热力学

Quantum systems correlated with a finite bath: nonequilibrium dynamics and thermodynamics

Andreu Riera-Campeny, Anna Sanpera, Philipp Strasberg

摘要:

描述远离平衡态的开放量子系统具有挑战性,特别是当环境是介观的,当它在演化过程中发展出非平衡态特征时,或者当记忆效应不能被忽略时。在这里,我们推导出一个主方程,明确占系统浴的相关性,并包括,在粗粒度的水平,一个动态演变的浴。这样的主方程适用于各种各样的物理系统,包括随机矩阵理论或本征态热化假设所描述的系统。我们得到了一个局部的细致平衡条件,有趣的是,它并不禁止出现稳定的负温度状态,与玻尔兹曼熵的温度定义一致。我们基准的主方程对确切的演变,并观察到一个很好的协议,在传统的玻恩马尔可夫世俗主方程的情况下,打破。有趣的是,目前的动态描述是强大的,它仍然是准确的,即使一些假设放宽。即使我们的主方程描述了一个动态演变的浴不描述的吉布斯状态,我们提供了一个一致的非平衡热力学框架,并推导出第一和第二定律以及克劳修斯不等式。我们的工作为研究各种纳米级量子技术铺平了道路,包括发动机,冰箱或热泵,超越了传统的静态热浴假设。

英文摘要:

Describing open quantum systems far from equilibrium is challenging, in particular when the environment is mesoscopic, when it develops nonequilibrium features during the evolution, or when the memory effects cannot be disregarded. Here, we derive a master equation that explicitly accounts for system-bath correlations and includes, at a coarse-grained level, a dynamically evolving bath. Such a master equation applies to a wide variety of physical systems including those described by Random Matrix Theory or the Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis. We obtain a local detailed balance condition which, interestingly, does not forbid the emergence of stable negative temperature states in unison with the definition of temperature through the Boltzmann entropy. We benchmark the master equation against the exact evolution and observe a very good agreement in a situation where the conventional Born-Markov-secular master equation breaks down. Interestingly, the present description of the dynamics is robust and it remains accurate even if some of the assumptions are relaxed. Even though our master equation describes a dynamically evolving bath not described by a Gibbs state, we provide a consistent nonequilibrium thermodynamic framework and derive the first and second law as well as the Clausius inequality. Our work paves the way for studying a variety of nanoscale quantum technologies including engines, refrigerators, or heat pumps beyond the conventionally employed assumption of a static thermal bath.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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