Autonomous driving is gaining its importance due to the advancements in technology. With the intention of safety during human driving and with the longer-term aim to act as a communication enabler for autonomous driving, vehicle to vehicle communication is gaining its importance. In this paper, we discuss and compare various source coding techniques that can be used for vehicle to vehicle communication. We propose abbreviation-based and probability-based source coding methods for the vehicle to vehicle communication. We compare the proposed application-specific source coding methods with other techniques like Huffman, Arithmetic, and Lempel-Ziv-Welch coding. Experimental results show that the proposed probability-based source coding has better values of the compression ratio to the time required for all the messages considered.
V2V, Vehicle to Vehicle communication has become one of the key features in achieving complete autonomy for self-driving vehicles. We use digital communication as a backbone to deliver a vehicle to vehicle communication. The primary building blocks of a digital communication system are source coding, error correction and detection, and channel coding. Choosing optimal techniques for each block plays a significant role in the performance of the entire communication system. Five Source coding techniques, three Error control, and Channel coding techniques, respectively, have been considered for t…
Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communication using Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC) technology provides promising benefits for drastically reducing vehicle collisions. A decentralized approach combined with DSRC allow vehicles in a highly mobile and complex network to send and receive safety messages with high reliability and low latency. Notably, there are many factors that may cause the system to become unreliable due to communication failures. While the reliability of V2V communication has been a subject of study by researchers, there is still open questions regarding how the placement…
Modern communications are usually designed to pursue a higher bit-level precision and fewer bits while transmitting a message. This article rethinks these two major features and introduces the concept and advantage of semantics that characterizes a new kind of semantics-aware communication framework, incorporating both the semantic encoding and the semantic communication problem. After analyzing the underlying defects of existing semantics-aware techniques, we establish a confidence-based distillation mechanism for the joint semantics-noise coding (JSNC) problem and a reinforcement learning (R…
As a subfield of network coding, physical-layer network coding (PNC) can effectively enhance the throughput of wireless networks by mapping superimposed signals at receiver to other forms of user messages. Over the past twenty years, PNC has received significant research attention and has been widely studied in various communication scenarios, e.g., two-way relay communications (TWRC), nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA) in 5G networks, random access networks, etc. To ensure network reliability, channel-coded PNC is proposed and related communication techniques are investigated, such as the d…
Free space optical (FSO) communications using orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes has recently received a considerable interest. Propagating OAM modes through free space may be subject to atmospheric turbulence (AT) distortions that cause intermodal crosstalk and power disparities between OAM modes. In this article, we are interested in 2x2 multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) FSO coherent communication systems using OAM. We propose a selection criterion for OAM modes to minimize the impact of AT. To further improve the obtained performance, we propose a space-time (ST) coding scheme at the …
We suggest secure Vehicle-to-Vehicle communications in a secure cluster. Here, the security cluster refers to a group of vehicles having a certain level or more of secrecy capacity. Usually, there are many difficulties in defining secrecy capacity, but we define vehicular secrecy capacity for the vehicle defined only by SNR values. Defined vehicular secrecy capacity is practical and efficient in achieving physical layer security in V2V. Typically, secrecy capacity may be changed by antenna related parameters, path related parameters, and noise related parameters. In addition to these conventio…
With the raising demand for autonomous driving, vehicle-to-vehicle communications becomes a key technology enabler for the future intelligent transportation system. Based on our current knowledge field, there is limited network simulator that can support end-to-end performance evaluation for LTE-V based vehicle-to-vehicle platooning systems. To address this problem, we start with an integrated platform that combines traffic generator and network simulator together, and build the V2V transmission capability according to LTE-V specification. On top of that, we simulate the end-to-end throughput …
Integrated Sensing and Semantic Communication with Adaptive Source-Channel Coding
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Future Networks of Intelligence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen（香港中文大学（深圳） 广东省未来网络智能重点实验室）；Shenzhen Future Network of Intelligence Institute（深圳未来网络智能 institute）
Beam alignment for millimeter wave (mm Wave) vehicular communications is challenging due to the high mobility of vehicles. Recent studies have proposed some beam switching techniques at Road Side Unit (RSU) for vehicle to infrastructure (V2I) communications, employing initial position and speed information of vehicles, that are sent through Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC) to the RSU. However, inaccuracies of the provided information lead to beam misalignment. Some beam design parameters are suggested in the literature to combat this effect. But how these parameters should be tuned?…
Visible Light Communication (VLC) is a current technology which allows data to be transmitted by modulating information onto a light source. It has many advantages over traditional radio frequency communication and up to 10,000 times larger bandwidth. Existing research in visible light communication assumes a synchronised channel, however, this is not always easily achieved. In this paper, a novel synchronised intra and inter-vehicle VLC system is proposed to ensure reliable communication in both inter and intra-vehicle communication for Infotainment Systems (IS). The protocol achieves synchro…
The evolution of internet of vehicles (IoV) and the growing use of mobile devices with the development of the Internet of Things, demand has grown for alternative wireless communication technologies. As a promising alternative, optical-camera communication (OCC) has emerged that uses light-emitting diode (LED) and camera as transmitter and receiver respectively. Since LEDs and cameras are exploring in traffic lights, vehicles, and public lightings, OCC has the potential to handle the transport systems intelligently. Though some technologies have been proposed or developed, these are not mature…
In this paper, Recofigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS) assisted dual-hop multicast wireless communication network is proposed with two source nodes and two destination nodes. RIS boosts received signal strength through an intelligent software-controlled array of discrete phase-shifting metamaterials. The multicast communication from the source nodes is enabled using a Decode and Forward (DF) relay node. In the relay node, the Physical Layer Network Coding (PLNC) concept is applied and the PLNC symbol is transmitted to the destination nodes. The joint RIS-Multicast channels between source nodes…
We introduce a hash chain-based secure cluster. Here, secure cluster refers to a set of vehicles having vehicular secrecy capacity of more than a reference value. Since vehicle communication is performed in such a secure cluster, basically secure vehicle communication can be expected. Secure hash clusters can also be expected by sharing hash chains derived from vehicle identification numbers. We are also convinced that our paper is essential for future autonomous vehicles by providing secure clustering services using MEC. In the near term, autonomous driving, our paper makes it possible to exp…
Gradient-based distributed learning in Parameter Server (PS) computing architectures is subject to random delays due to straggling worker nodes, as well as to possible communication bottlenecks between PS and workers. Solutions have been recently proposed to separately address these impairments based on the ideas of gradient coding, worker grouping, and adaptive worker selection. This paper provides a unified analysis of these techniques in terms of wall-clock time, communication, and computation complexity measures. Furthermore, in order to combine the benefits of gradient coding and grouping…
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) have drastically gained popularity in various Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) applications to improve the safety and efficiency of transportation systems. In this context, the combination of ground vehicles, such as delivery trucks, with drones to assist in the last mile pick-up and delivery of the parcels has been recently proposed. While aerial vehicles promise increased efficiency based on flexible routes and parallelized operation, highly reliable wireless communication is also required for the control and coordination of potentially many drones acti…
Wireless extended reality (XR) has attracted wide attentions as a promising technology to improve users' mobility and quality of experience. However, the ultra-high data rate requirement of wireless XR has hindered its development for many years. To overcome this challenge, we develop a semantic communication framework, where semantically-unimportant information is highly-compressed or discarded in semantic coders, significantly improving the transmission efficiency. Besides, considering the fact that some source content may have less amount of semantic information or have higher tolerance to …
The introduction of 5G has changed the wireless communication industry. Whereas previous generations of cellular technology are mainly based on communication for people, the wireless industry is discovering that 5G may be an era of communications that is mainly focused on machine-to-machine communication. The application of Ultra Reliable Low Latency Communication in factory automation is an area of great interest as it unlocks potential applications that traditional wired communications did not allow. In particular, the decrease in the inter-device distance has led to the discussion of coding…
Federated learning can enable remote workers to collaboratively train a shared machine learning model while allowing training data to be kept locally. In the use case of wireless mobile devices, the communication overhead is a critical bottleneck due to limited power and bandwidth. Prior work has utilized various data compression tools such as quantization and sparsification to reduce the overhead. In this paper, we propose a predictive coding based compression scheme for federated learning. The scheme has shared prediction functions among all devices and allows each worker to transmit a compr…
Traffic management, road safety, and environmental impact are important issues in the modern world. These challenges are addressed by the application of sensing, control and communication methods of intelligent transportation systems (ITS). A part of ITS is a vehicular ad-hoc network (VANET) which means a wireless network of vehicles. However, communication among vehicles in a VANET exposes several security threats which need to be studied and addressed. In this review, firstly, the basic flow of VANET is illustrated focusing on its communication methods, architecture, characteristics, standar…
Autonomous vehicles (AV) is an advanced technology that can bring convenience, improve the road-network throughput, and reduce traffic accidents. To enable higher levels of automation (LoA), massive amounts of sensory data need to be uploaded to the network for processing, and then, maneuvering decisions must be returned to the AV. Furthermore, passengers might have a higher transmission rate demands for various data-hungry and delay-sensitive applications.
